4,880 research outputs found
Nostalgia: content, triggers, functions
No full textSeven methodologically diverse studies addressed 3 fundamental questions about nostalgia. Studies 1 and 2 examined the content of nostalgic experiences. Descriptions of nostalgic experiences typically featured the self as a protagonist in interactions with close others (e.g., friends) or in momentous events (e.g., weddings). Also, the descriptions contained more expressions of positive than negative affect and often depicted the redemption of negative life scenes by subsequent triumphs. Studies 3 and 4 examined triggers of nostalgia and revealed that nostalgia occurs in response to negative mood and the discrete affective state of loneliness. Studies 5, 6, and 7 investigated the functional utility of nostalgia and established that nostalgia bolsters social bonds, increases positive self-regard, and generates positive affect. These findings demarcate key landmarks in the hitherto uncharted research domain of nostalgi
Sleep quality and the self
No full textWe addressed the relation between sleep quality and aspects of the self. In particular, we conducted three studies using cross-sectional and longitudinal, as well as subjective and behavioral, methods to examine the link between sleep quality and four self-aspects: self-esteem, self-compassion, self-control, self-continuity. Past month sleep quality positively related to trait levels of all four self-aspects (Studies 1–2). Daily reports of sleep quality were positively associated with state levels of all four self-aspects across 14 days (Study 2) and 7 days (Study 3). Cross-lagged paths revealed that subjective sleep quality predicted the four self-aspects but not vice-versa (Studies 2–3). A behavioral index of sleep quality (i.e., sleep efficiency) did not predict any self-aspect, but self-compassion and self-continuity predicted sleep efficiency (Study 3). The findings clarify the association between sleep quality and the self, providing explanations for the psychological benefits of a good night’s sleep
Nostalgia as a resource for the self
No full textThis research tested whether nostalgia serves as a positive resource for the self. In Experiment 1, nostalgia was induced and the accessibility of positive self-attributes was assessed. Participants who thought about a nostalgic experience, relative to those who thought about a positive future experience, evidenced heightened accessibility of positive self-attributes. In Experiment 2, participants received negative or positive performance feedback and then thought about a nostalgic or ordinary past experience. Subsequently, they were given the opportunity to make internal attributions for their performance. Participants displayed a typical pattern of self-serving attributions if they were not given the opportunity to engage in nostalgia. Nostalgic engagement, however, attenuated this effect. Nostalgia indeed functions as a positive resource for the self.<br/
Nostalgia as enabler of self-continuity
No full textIn 1969, Crosby, Stills, Nash, and Young released their self-titled album containing the classic song "Suite: Judy Blue Eyes." A particularly striking lyric from this song recommended: "Don't let the past remind us of what we are not now." This evocative line suggests a question with far-reaching social psychological
implications. How does a person's sense of the past contribute to (or detract from) the perceived continuity of his or her identity? This chapter entertains that question. We are concerned with the continuity within or between two fundamental sources of identity: the individual and collective selves. In particular, we focus on the temporal continuity between individual selves, between individual and collective selves, and between collective selves. We begin by defining the two types of self, specifying their possible relations, and asking how the seeming continuity
within or between them is maintained. We proceed to argue that nostalgia is an important mechanism that enables this continuity, and we support our argument with a review of the empirical literature
Evaluating Citebase, an open access Web-based citation-ranked search and impact discovery service
No full textCitebase is a new citation-ranked search and impact discovery service that measures citations of scholarly research papers which are openly accessible on the Web, i.e. papers that are assessable continuously online. Other services, such as ResearchIndex, have emerged in recent years to offer citation indexing of Web research papers. In the first detailed user evaluation of an open access Web citation indexing service, Citebase has been evaluated by nearly 200 users from different backgrounds. The paper details the procedures used in the evaluation, and analyses the results of this study, which took place between June and October 2002. It was found that within the scope of its primary components, the search interface and services available from its rich bibliographic records, Citebase can be used simply and reliably for the purpose intended, and that it compares favourably with other bibliographic services. It is shown tasks can be accomplished efficiently with Citebase regardless of the background of the user. More data need to be collected and the process refined before it is as reliable for measuring citation impact of indexed papers. Better explanations and guidance are required for first-time users. Coverage is seen as a limiting factor, even though Citebase indexes over 200,000 papers from arXiv. Non-physicists were frustrated at the lack of papers from other sciences. The principle of citation searching of open access archives has thus been demonstrated and need not be restricted to current users. Since the evaluation, Citebase has become a featured service of the ArXiv physics eprint archives
The Semantic Web Revisited
No full textThe original Scientific American article on the Semantic Web appeared in 2001. It described the evolution of a Web that consisted largely of documents for humans to read to one that included data and information for computers to manipulate. The Semantic Web is a Web of actionable information--information derived from data through a semantic theory for interpreting the symbols.This simple idea, however, remains largely unrealized. Shopbots and auction bots abound on the Web, but these are essentially handcrafted for particular tasks; they have little ability to interact with heterogeneous data and information types. Because we haven't yet delivered large-scale, agent-based mediation, some commentators argue that the Semantic Web has failed to deliver. We argue that agents can only flourish when standards are well established and that the Web standards for expressing shared meaning have progressed steadily over the past five years. Furthermore, we see the use of ontologies in the e-science community presaging ultimate success for the Semantic Web--just as the use of HTTP within the CERN particle physics community led to the revolutionary success of the original Web. This article is part of a special issue on the Future of AI
Catholic Comments Podcast.
No full textAuthor Tim Rinaldi discusses his mission work in Honduras and how it changed his life and perspective
Bibliographics for the 983 eprints in the live archives of E-LIS : trends and status report up to 7th July 2004, based on author-self-archiving metadata
No full textThe priority for ideas and philosophy related to "Network Theory" have been traced back and documented by Braun(2004),and credit goes to Karinthy(1929).The IT has empowered to realise it, as the most practical phenomena and it is no more a humour. The OAI (Open Archives Initiatives)and ACIS (Academic Contributor Information System)are progressive in the direction ,which may lead to realise the "Collective Genius" at global level. Focus of present study is on Author-Self-Archiving (A-S-A)Metadata of the 983 Eprints in the Live Archives of the E-LIS (EPrints of Library and Information Science),which were approved till 7th July 2004.The A-S-A Metadata was used for librametric analysis. Self-explanatory bibliographics are illustrated.The highlights include: Conference papers (34%); highest approval, June 2004 (28%); published archives (76%);not refereed (52%); not in public domain (60%); highest self-archiving-author (De Robbio, Antonella).The Nos. of EPrints having single JITA domain specifications were: Theoretical and general aspects of libraries and information(27); Information use and sociology of information(80);Users,literacy and reading(13);Libraries as physical collections(30);Publishing and legal issues(57);Management(13);Industry, profession and education(36);Information sources, supports, channels(113) ; Information treatment for information services, Information functions and techniques (101); Technical services libraries, archives and museums(25); Housing technologies(1); Information technology and library technology(92); and Inter-domainery (395) i.e. having specifications of two or more than two JITA classes
Two-dimensional smectic ordering of linear DNA chains in self-assembled DNA-cationic liposome mixtures
No full textWe report a synchrotron x-ray scattering study of linear DNA chains and cationic liposome mixtures which spontaneously self-assemble into a coupled two-dimensional (2D) smectic phase of DNA chains imbedded between lipid bilayers of a 3D smectic phase. The DNA peak is quantitatively described by anisotropic exponentially decaying chain-chain correlations. The measured interchain compressibility modulus B(d) as a function of the interhelical spacing d of the 2D smectic, with 25 35 Angstrom by long-range electrostatic repulsions
The war of the roses: an interdependence analysis of betrayal and forgiveness
No full textPart I. The Effect of Cognition on Interaction Patterns: Introduction to Part 1; 1. Thought and action: connecting attributions to behaviours in married couples’ interactions Valerie Manusov; 2. Self-evaluation motives in close relationships: a model of global enhancement and specific verification Lisa A. Neff and Benjamin R. Karney; 3. Competition in romantic relationships: do partners build niches? Steven R. H. Beach, Daniel Whitaker, Heather A. O’Mahen, Deborah Jones, Abraham Tesser and Frank Fincham; 4. Cognition and communication during marital conflict: how alcohol affects subjective coding of interaction in aggressive and non-aggressive couples Alan Sillars, Kenneth E. Leonard, Linda J. Roberts and Tim Dun; Part II. Understanding the Importance of Positive Interaction: Introduction to Part 2; 5. Observational ‘windows’ to intimacy processes in marriage Linda J. Roberts and Danielle R. Greenberg; 6. Bases for giving benefits in marriage: what is ideal? what is realistic? what really happens? Margaret S. Clark, Steve Graham and Nancy Grote; 7. Shared participation in self-expanding activities: positive effects on experienced marital quality Arthur Aron, Christine C. Norman, Elaine N. Aron and Gary Lewandowski; Part III. Coping with Disappointment, Criticism and Betrayal: Introduction to Part 3; 8. Coping with disappointments in marriage: when partners’ standards are unmet Anita L. Vangelisti and Alicia L. Alexander; 9. On empathic accuracy and husbands’ abusiveness: the ‘overattribution bias’ William E. Schweinle and William Ickes; 10. The war of the roses: an interdependence analysis of betrayal and forgiveness Caryl E. Rusbult, Madoka Kumashiro, Eli J. Finkel and Tim Wildschut; Part IV. Power, Conflict and Violence in Marital Interaction: Introduction to Part 4; 11. Demand-withdraw communication during couple conflict: a review and analysis Kathleen A. Eldridge and Andrew Christensen; 12. Approaches to the study of power in violent and nonviolent marriages, and in gay male and lesbian cohabiting relationships John Gottman, Janice Driver, Dan Yoshimoto and Regina Rushe; 13. The communication of couples in violent and nonviolent relationships: temporal associations with own and partners’ anxiety/arousal and behavior Patricia Noller and Nigel Roberts; Part V. Marital Interaction at Important Transition Periods: Introduction to Part 5; 14. Adult attachment, the transition to parenthood, and marital well-being Jeffry A. Simpson, W. Steven Rholes, Lorne Campbell, Carol Wilson and Sisi Tran; 15. Allocation and performance of household tasks: a comparison of new parents and childless couples Judith A. Feeney and Patricia Noller; 16. Caregiving and its influence on marital interactions between older spouses Helen Edwards and Patricia Noller; Part VI. Interventions for Strengthening Relationships: Introduction to Part 6; 17. Risk factors, risk processes, and the longitudinal course of newlywed marriage Lisa B. Story, Alexia D. Rothman and Thomas N. Bradbury; Does working at a relationship work? relationship self-regulation and relationship outcomes W. Kim Halford, Keithia L. Wilson, Alf Lizzio and Elizabeth Moor
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