1,720,954 research outputs found
Free to Choose? : Studies of Opportunity Constraints and the Dynamics of School Segregation
No full textAs a result of the negative consequences and persistence of school segregation, its causes have received a great deal of scholarly attention across a range of disciplines. However, the existing research has tended to overlook those aspects of the segregation process that lie beyond the choice of the individual. This thesis concerns itself with the way in which opportunities are influenced and thereby constrained by hard-to-change macro structures such as the spatial distribution of individuals and organizations, individuals’ social network characteristics, and population composition. To this end, the four chapters presented in the thesis focus on the key actors involved (i.e., parents, teachers, and organizations), their decisions, and how their actions are moderated by the structures in which they are embedded. All four chapters use Sweden as the empirical case, and they utilize the rich data provided by Swedish population registers. Essay I analyzes the role played by parents’ ethnicity-related school preferences in the ethnic segregation of the school system, and shows that opportunity structures are an important moderator of the effects of preferences on school segregation. By combining statistical analyses of the school choices made by all parents of compulsory school students in the Stockholm region during the years 2008 to 2017 with large-scale empirically calibrated agent-based simulations, the study shows that preferences tend to be trumped by opportunities. Although parents have ethnicity-related preferences, and although these preferences vary between different ethnic groups, parental preferences have little impact on the extent of school segregation. The main drivers of school segregation are rather to be found in the ethnic segregation of the housing market and the geographic location of schools. Given the importance of residential segregation for school segregation, Essay II examines how residential segregation has evolved in Sweden over the last three decades. Building on entropy-based segregation measures, the study analyzes patterns of income segregation between and within income groups along different socio-demographic dimensions —migration background and family type. The findings show that the rise in income inequality witnessed over the last 30 years has been accompanied by a sharp increase in income segregation, especially for those in the bottom quartile of the income distribution. Moreover, the results show that income segregation is more extensive, and has increased at a higher rate, among individuals with children than among individuals with no children. Essay III examines school segregation from an organizational point of view and focuses on “school closure” as a desegregation mechanism. Using large-scale simulation models calibrated using data on all schools and students in Stockholm municipality, the study examines how the closure of a school affects segregation levels, and how this effect varies with the characteristics of the closed school and the criteria used to allocate students from the closed school to other schools. The analyses show that the degree to which closing a school changes the level of segregation varies considerably between schools, and that the ethnic composition of nearby schools is an important moderator of the effect of a school closure. Essay IV examines network dependencies in the school choices of teachers in Stockholm’s upper secondary education market during the years 2000 to 2010. Using stochastic actor-oriented models, this study focuses on the factors associated with teachers’ labor market mobility between public- and private-sector schools. Controlling for various school characteristics, such as student and teacher composition, and the work environment, the results show that networks—defined as the affiliation networks formed via links to former and current co-workers—are important for the within- and between-sector school mobility of teachers. In summary, the four studies together show that individuals’ choices are considerably constrained by their opportunities. A segregated residential market determines the school opportunities available to parents, and the differentiation between public and private schools affects the workplace decisions of teachers. Overall, differences in opportunities moderate the potential effects of individual preferences and tend to reproduce existing segregation patterns.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
