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Göz Tembelliği Tedavisinde Dikoptik Uyarım Temelli Binoküler Yaklaşımlar
No full textGöz tembelliğinin ortaya çıkmasında binoküler işlev bozukluğunun kritik bir rol oynayabileceğinin keşfi, kontrast farkını dengeleyen her iki gözün eş zamanlı uyarım koşullarına dayanan yeni bir dikoptik uyarım yaklaşımının geliştirilmesine yol açmıştır. Bu yaklaşım, göz tembelliği tedavisinde her iki gözün birlikte çalışmasını sağlayarak göz tembelliğinin tedavisini mümkün kılmaktadır. Dikoptik tedavi yaklaşımları, göz tembelliğinde binoküler ve monoküler kayıplarda binoküler dengesizliğin önemli bir rol oynayabileceğini kabul ederken, binoküler işlev kapasitesinin korunması gerektiğini savunan bir teorik temele dayanmaktadır. Bu nedenle, bu yaklaşımlar gözlerin birlikte çalışmasını sağlamak, derinlik algısını geliştirmek ve binoküler tek görmeyi iyileştirmek amacıyla tasarlanmıştır. Bu derleme, göz tembelliği tedavisinde binoküler işlevi iyileştirmeyi hedefleyen dikoptik uyarım tekniklerinin mevcut literatürünü sistematik bir şekilde incelemekte ve sentezlemektedir. Literatürdeki çeşitli çalışmalara dayanarak, bu tedavi yöntemlerinin temel ilkeleri açıklanmış ve geleneksel monoküler tedavi yöntemleriyle karşılaştırıldığında elde edilen sonuçlar vurgulanmıştır. Dikoptik tedavi tekniklerinin klinik etkinliği, göz tembelliği tedavisinde binoküler işlevin iyileştirilmesine olan katkıları doğrultusunda değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca, bu tedavi yaklaşımlarının farklı hasta gruplarındaki uygulama sonuçları, tedavi süreleri, etkinlik düzeyleri ve olası yan etkiler hakkında da bilgiler sunulmuştur. Derleme, dikoptik tedavi yaklaşımlarının klinik uygulamalara entegrasyonuna yönelik kapsamlı bir değerlendirme sunarak, bu yöntemlerin avantaj ve dezavantajlı yönlerine de dikkat çekmekte ve gelecekteki kullanımına dair yol gösterici bir bakış açısı geliştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.The discovery that binocular dysfunction may play a critical role in the development of amblyopia has led to the development of a novel approach based on contrast-rebalanced binocular stimulation of both eyes. This approach, known as dichoptic stimulation, enables the treatment of amblyopia by facilitating the cooperation of both eyes. Dichoptic treatment approaches are founded on the theoretical premise that binocular imbalance plays a significant role in both monocular and binocular impairments in amblyopia, and that preserving binocular function capacity is essential. Therefore, these approaches are designed to promote the collaborative functioning of the eyes, enhance stereopsis, and improve binocular fusion. This review systematically examines and synthesizes the existing literature on dichoptic stimulation techniques aimed at improving binocular function in the treatment of amblyopia. Based on various studies in the literature, the fundamental principles of these treatment methods are outlined, and the results obtained in comparison to traditional monocular treatments are highlighted. The clinical efficacy of dichoptic treatment methods is evaluated in terms of their contribution to enhancing binocular function in amblyopia. Additionally, information is provided regarding the outcomes, treatment durations, efficacy levels, and potential side effects of these treatment approaches in different patient groups. This review offers a comprehensive assessment of the integration of dichoptic treatment approaches into clinical practice, highlighting both their advantages and disadvantages, and aims to provide a guiding perspective on their future use
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Histopathological features and satellite cell population characteristics in human inferior oblique muscle biopsies: clinicopathological correlation
No full textPURPOSE To investigate the correlation between clinical characteristics and histopathological and immunohistochemical features of inferior oblique muscles in patients with primary and secondary inferior oblique overaction. METHODS Inferior oblique muscle specimens of patients who underwent inferior oblique-weakening procedures for primary or secondary inferior oblique overaction were recruited. Subjects were mainly divided into two groups, each of which was further divided into two subgroups: group 1 included patients with primary inferior oblique overaction (subgroups, infantile esotropia vs acquired V-pattern esotropia), and group 2 included patients with secondary inferior oblique overaction (subgroups, congenital vs acquired trochlear nerve palsy). Inferior oblique overaction was graded between 0-4. Histopathologic changes, such as angular fibers, endoand perimysial fibrosis, and vacuolization were categorized from mild to severe. Immunohistochemical markers Pax7, NCAM, and MyoD1 were used to detect satellite cells, a unique stem cell population in muscles presumably responsible from myofiber regeneration and maintenance, and their activity. Results were reported as stained cells per cross-section ratio. RESULTS A total of 51 patients were included: 36 in group 1 and 15 in group 2. Satellite cell distribution and activity was significantly higher in group 1 (P < 0.001). The angular fiber count and the degree of perimysial fibrosis was higher in the secondary group (P < 0.001 and P 5 0.01, resp.). There was no correlation between clinical amount of inferior oblique muscle overaction and immunohistochemical markers. CONCLUSIONS The differences in immunohistochemical parameters supported with histopathological changes between different strabismus etiologies imply that satellite cell population behavior varies among strabismus types
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
BEHCET'S DISEASE IN SOUTHERN TURKEY: CLINICAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF 406 PATIENTS
No full textWOS: 000282865900153
Behcet's Disease: The Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of 406 Patients
No full text14th International Congress on Behcet's Disease -- JUL 07-10, 2010 -- London, ENGLANDWOS: 000306729900006Objectives: In this study, we aim to describe and investigate the demographic and clinical features, prognostic factors, ocular, and systemic manifestations of the patients with Behcet's Disease. Patients and methods: The study included 406 patients (306 males, 100 females; 36.1 years; range 12 to 76 years) who met the classification criteria of the International Study Group for Behcet's Disease. The clinical and demographic characteristics including age at onset, sex, type of ocular involvement, visual acuity, systemic manifestations, and initial signs, and treatment modalities were reviewed. Results: The mean age at onset was 27.6 +/- 7.2 years in male patients and 29.0 +/- 9.3 years in females. There were no significant differences between both sex in terms of the frequency of ocular involvement (68.9% in male, 65.0% in female, p=0.163) and bilaterality of the ocular involvement (56.2% in male and 53.0% in female, p=0.67). The most common initial presenting manifestation of the disease was oral aphthous ulcer which was seen in 71.9% of the patients, followed by ocular involvement (23.4%). The leading clinical features were oral aphthous ulcers (100%), followed by genital ulcers (82.8%) and ocular manifestations (80.3%). HLA-B51 was positive in 170 of 372 patients (45.7%). HLA-B51 positivity had no effect on the frequency and severity of the ocular inflammatory episodes. Of 306 males, 141 (46.1%) and of 100 females 29 (29.0%) had severe ocular episodes, while 34.6% (n=106) of males and 21% (n=21) of females had frequent ocular involvement. Males had more frequent (p=0.03) and more serious (p=0.015) ocular inflammatory episodes than females. Cyclosporine A was the most commonly preferred agent for patients with frequent episodes (24.3%; p=0.019). Conclusion: Ocular involvement in Behcet's disease is significantly more frequent and severe in men. The main prognostic criteria affecting the visual acuity are the severity and frequency of ocular involvement
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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