1,721,015 research outputs found
Replication Data for: Coethnicity and Corruption: Field Experimental Evidence from Public Officials in Malawi
No full textCorruption is widespread in many developing countries, though public officials' discretion in the solicitation of bribes may expose some citizens to more corruption than others. We focus on how shared ethnicity between government officials and citizens influences the likelihood of bribe solicitation. We conducted a field experiment in which Malawian confederates seek electricity connections from real government offices -- an interaction that is often accompanied by bribe solicitation -- in which coethnicity between the official and the confederate was varied exogenously. We find that coethnicity increases the likelihood of expediting an electricity connection, both with and without a bribe. We interpret this as evidence of parochial corruption
Replication Data for: Coethnicity and Corruption: Field Experimental Evidence from Public Officials in Malawi
No full textCorruption is widespread in many developing countries, though public officials' discretion in the solicitation of bribes may expose some citizens to more corruption than others. We focus on how shared ethnicity between government officials and citizens influences the likelihood of bribe solicitation. We conducted a field experiment in which Malawian confederates seek electricity connections from real government offices -- an interaction that is often accompanied by bribe solicitation -- in which coethnicity between the official and the confederate was varied exogenously. We find that coethnicity increases the likelihood of expediting an electricity connection, both with and without a bribe. We interpret this as evidence of parochial corruption
Curve Breakers: Understanding Women's Electoral Representation in Malawian Local Government
Get PDFIn the last two decades, women's formal political representation has increased globally. Much of this increase is attributable to a rise in the adoption of mandatory gender quotas. However, quota adoption has not been universal, and non-quota countries continue to see low levels of women's political representation. I consider the determinants of women's representation at the level of local government in Malawi. There are no mandatory quotas, and less than 15 percent of Malawi's local councillors are women. I seek to understand what distinguishes wards with high rates of women's candidate emergence and electoral success. I construct a new dataset combining electoral returns from Malawi's 2014 elections with ward-level covariates measuring population, poverty, health, education, political characteristics, and geography. I estimate the correlates of women's candidate emergence and electoral success using three models. I first estimate my results using a linear probability model (LPM) with fixed effects. I compare these estimates to those produced with a logit regression model (without fixed effects). Finally, I use a Heckman Selection model to estimate the correlates of women's electoral success, controlling for selection effects driven by uneven candidate emergence. My most robust finding, consistent across models, suggests that women are more likely to run in wards with more competitive electoral environments. Moreover, women are less likely to win elections in more competitive wards. Women are also more likely to run in wards with lower levels of population health. At the same time, women are less likely to run in wards that have an international land border and in wards that elected a woman Member of Parliament five years prior. My results suggest that policies to increase women's representation in local government in Malawi must consider that different characteristics shape women's candidate emergence compared to women's electoral success.Bachelor of Art
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Presidential Rhetoric’s Influence on Congressional Appropriations: The Case of Multilateralism
Get PDFFrom 1945 to present day, the United States has been the center of a global world order in which America is expected to operate multilaterally. Congress has the power of the purse and passes the budget request for anything the United States wants to do. The president, as the face of the federal government and the United States on the world stage, has many tools at his disposal, one of the most important being rhetoric. This thesis seeks to answer the question: does the saturation and nature of presidential multilateral rhetoric correlate with Congressional appropriations to multilateral organizations? The hypothesis being: the more a president speaks about multilateralism in a positive light, the higher the allocations for multilateral organizations would be. By conducting multivariate regressions and controlling for possible influential variables, like election year or conflict, the evidence suggests as the saturation of presidential multilateral rhetoric increases by 1%, the budget for the contributions to international (multilateral) organizations increases. When looking at saturation separately from support, CIO, NATO, and IAB are statistically significantly influenced. When looking at support without saturation, it is consistently statistically significant for IAB. When only running a bivariate regression of saturation and budget, NATO and CIO see a statistically significant budgetary increase as presidential rhetoric increases by 1%. The results from this analysis shape final foreign policy recommendations. These results are helpful for lobbyists of multilateral organizations who should increase the opportunities for presidents to speak about multilateralism. They also shift the importance from important speeches like the State of the Union, to miscellaneous remarks, as they comprise a majority of the presidential oral statements.Bachelor of Art
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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