68 research outputs found
Ripensare il valimiento. Don Luis de Haro nella più recente storiografia
No full textThe article focuses on the figure of Don Luis de Haro, minister-favorite of the King of Spain, Philip IV of Habsburg. Through the analysis of two recent books dedicated to this figure, the author aims to highlight the specific aspects of Haro's government compared to those of the most famous validos of Iberian history, namely the Duke of Lerma and the Count-Duke of Olivares. The central question is therefore whether Don Luis de Haro can be considered a valido to all effects, as were Lerma and Olivares, or rather if he was a favorite and adviser to the King with less extensive and more specific skills and tasks. This could be the result of the Philip IV's will, but also due to the changed political and cultural context in which the Habsburg monarchy found itself operating after the end of the Thirty Years’ War
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Czas w badaniach nad internacjonalizacją przedsiębiorstw
No full textBased on literature in the field, the article examines the impact of the time factor on the international experience and level of internationalization of companies. The author seeks to identify the role of time in research on the internationalization of companies. The article is based on a critical analysis of research studies on the internationalization of companies, with a special focus on process models, a network approach to internationalization, and reports on accelerated internationalization. In particular, the author deals with research reports on the time and speed of internationalization. The article presents a number of proposals concerning the role of time in research on the internationalization of companies. These are linked with increased experience in business operations on foreign markets, the speed of internationalization, and the relationship between the time and level of internationalization. The author finds that, in order to better understand the process of internationalization, it is necessary to include the time factor in the theory of internationalization. Ratajczak-Mrozek argues that the relationship between time and an increase in a company’s experience abroad is complex and non-linear. The same is true of the relationship between the time and level of internationalization, the author says. She adds that the level of internationalization should be determined on the basis of comprehensive measurements taking into account resources involved at various levels of a company’s operations. Measurements of the speed of internationalization should take into account the speed of the whole process, and not be limited to the speed of a company’s entry into foreign markets the author argues. This is particularly important for the study of “born global” companies, Ratajczak-Mrozek notes
Proces umiędzynarodowienia a współpraca przedsiębiorstw high-tech z podmiotami zagranicznymi
No full textThe article looks at how Polish high-tech companies cooperate with foreign businesses depending on the advancement of the internationalization process. The author also attempts to suggest the desired course of development at the level of both individual high-tech companies and the economy as a whole. The article pinpoints areas in which support is needed for high-tech companies, with a view to increasing the competitiveness of the country. The article presents the results of a survey carried out in the first half of 2011 among 59 Polish high-tech companies active on foreign markets. The findings are compared with those of other available studies of cooperation, internationalization, and high-tech companies. Any differences in the perception of cooperation with foreign firms (in particular the motives for establishing such ties and the perceived barriers) depend on how long the surveyed high-tech companies have been active abroad. The analysis identifies the specific features of high-tech companies starting their operations abroad in the initial phase of internationalization. These firms usually find it more difficult to develop cooperation with foreign companies, even though they desperately need such ties the author says. Ratajczak-Mrozek goes on to suggest that it is necessary to broaden thinking about cooperation beyond the idea of a cluster-based policy and create a pro-cooperative culture, while underlining the benefits of cooperation demonstrated in the analysis. These benefits include increased market coverage, access to knowledge and know-how, and innovation
The Aspect of Time in Research on the Internationalization of Companies
No full textBased on literature in the field, the article examines the impact of the time factor on the international experience and level of internationalization of companies. The author seeks to identify the role of time in research on the internationalization of companies. The article is based on a critical analysis of research studies on the internationalization of companies, with a special focus on process models, a network approach to internationalization, and reports on accelerated internationalization. In particular, the author deals with research reports on the time and speed of internationalization. The article presents a number of proposals concerning the role of time in research on the internationalization of companies. These are linked with increased experience in business operations on foreign markets, the speed of internationalization, and the relationship between the time and level of internationalization. The author finds that, in order to better understand the process of internationalization, it is necessary to include the time factor in the theory of internationalization. Ratajczak-Mrozek argues that the relationship between time and an increase in a company’s experience abroad is complex and non-linear. The same is true of the relationship between the time and level of internationalization, the author says. She adds that the level of internationalization should be determined on the basis of comprehensive measurements taking into account resources involved at various levels of a company’s operations. Measurements of the speed of internationalization should take into account the speed of the whole process, and not be limited to the speed of a company’s entry into foreign markets the author argues. This is particularly important for the study of “born global” companies, Ratajczak-Mrozek notes.Celem artykułu jest weryfikacja na podstawie literatury przedmiotu zależności pomiędzy czasem a doświadczeniem zagranicznym i poziomem umiędzynarodowienia przedsiębiorstwa oraz wskazanie znaczenia konceptualizacji pojęcia czasu i związanego z nim tempa w badaniach nad internacjonalizacją przedsiębiorstw. Rozważania przeprowadzono wykorzystując krytyczną analizę literatury z zakresu internacjonalizacji przedsiębiorstw koncentrując się na modelach procesowych, podejściu sieciowym do umiędzynarodowienia oraz literaturze z zakresu przyspieszonej internacjonalizacji. W szczególności uwzględniono badania dotyczące czasu i tempa internacjonalizacji przedsiębiorstw. W artykule przedstawiono wiele wniosków dotyczących czasu w badaniach nad internacjonalizacją przedsiębiorstw związanych kolejno z przyrostem doświadczenia w działalności na rynkach zagranicznych, tempem internacjonalizacji oraz związkiem między czasem a poziomem internacjonalizacji przedsiębiorstw. Wskazano, że, aby uzyskać większe zrozumienie procesu internacjonalizacji przedsiębiorstw, niezbędne jest włączenie czasu explicite do teorii umiędzynarodowienia. Wykazano, że zarówno zależność pomiędzy czasem a przyrostem doświadczenia zagranicznego przedsiębiorstw, jak i czasem a poziomem ich umiędzynarodowienia jest kompleksowa i nielinearna. Ponadto w zakresie samego pomiaru istotne jest, aby poziom internacjonalizacji wyznaczać na podstawie miar kompleksowych uwzględniających zasoby zaangażowane na różnych płaszczyznach funkcjonowania firmy. Z kolei badania nad tempem internacjonalizacji powinny uwzględniać zarówno pomiar tempa podjęcia działalności zagranicznej, jak i tempa całego późniejszego procesu umiędzynarodowienia, co ma szczególne znaczenie dla badań nad przedsiębiorstwami born global
Assessing Tarnobrzeg Cardiology Clinic patients' level of knowledge of coronary heart disease risk factors
No full textGronek Anna, Hada Monika, Mrozek Marta. Assessing Tarnobrzeg Cardiology Clinic patients’ level of knowledge of coronary heart disease risk factors. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2018;8(7):589-605. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1402719
http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/5861
The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part b item 1223 (26/01/2017).
1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eissn 2391-8306 7
© The Authors 2018;
This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland
Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike.
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.
Received: 02.06.2018. Revised: 18.06.2018. Accepted: 31.07.2018.
Assessing Tarnobrzeg Cardiology Clinic patients’ level of knowledge of coronary heart disease risk factors
Anna Gronek, Monika Hada, Marta Mrozek
Provincial Specialist Hospital in Czestochowa, Operating Theater
Key words: Cardiology
ABSTRACT
The aim of this paper is to present the level of knowledge of Tarnobrzeg Cardiology Clinic patients of the risk factors of coronary heart disease. The data required to support the paper’s statement was collected from 100 patients. Diagnostic survey was used as the method. A questionnaire with a set of 22 questions was used as the research tool.
The obtained results show that the level of knowledge is not satisfactory and the patients require further education. It was found that gender is not a factor differentiating the level of knowledge. However, urban residents are better informed than rural residents. It was concluded that the older the patient is the lower level of knowledge of coronary heart disease risk factors he or she possesses. Also, patients with higher education are more knowledgeable.
The research presented in the paper indicates there is an increased need of educating the population on coronary heart disease risk factors, promoting cardiovascular diseases prevention and engaging the medical community in spreading the knowledge
The Internationalization of Polish High-Tech Companies and Their Cooperation with Foreign Firms
No full textThe article looks at how Polish high-tech companies cooperate with foreign businesses depending on the advancement of the internationalization process. The author also attempts to suggest the desired course of development at the level of both individual high-tech companies and the economy as a whole. The article pinpoints areas in which support is needed for high-tech companies, with a view to increasing the competitiveness of the country. The article presents the results of a survey carried out in the first half of 2011 among 59 Polish high-tech companies active on foreign markets. The findings are compared with those of other available studies of cooperation, internationalization, and high-tech companies. Any differences in the perception of cooperation with foreign firms (in particular the motives for establishing such ties and the perceived barriers) depend on how long the surveyed high-tech companies have been active abroad. The analysis identifies the specific features of high-tech companies starting their operations abroad in the initial phase of internationalization. These firms usually find it more difficult to develop cooperation with foreign companies, even though they desperately need such ties the author says. Ratajczak-Mrozek goes on to suggest that it is necessary to broaden thinking about cooperation beyond the idea of a cluster-based policy and create a pro-cooperative culture, while underlining the benefits of cooperation demonstrated in the analysis. These benefits include increased market coverage, access to knowledge and know-how, and innovation.Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie analizy współpracy przedsiębiorstw high-tech z podmiotami zagranicznymi, uwzględniając ich zaawansowanie procesu umiędzynarodowienia pod względem czasu prowadzenia działań na rynkach zagranicznych i w konsekwencji tego próba wskazania pożądanych kierunków rozwoju na poziomie gospodarki (sugerujących obszary wsparcia dla przedsiębiorstw zaawansowanych technologii, a docelowo wzrost konkurencyjności kraju), jak i indywidualnych przedsiębiorstw (wskazujących potencjalne źródła konkurencyjności). Przedstawiono wyniki badań empirycznych – pocztowego badania ankietowego przeprowadzonego w pierwszej połowie 2011 r. wśród 59 przedsiębiorstw zaawansowanych technologii (zgodnie z podejściem branżowym według klasyfikacji Eurostat) zlokalizowanych w Polsce i prowadzących działalność zagraniczną. Uzyskane wyniki skonfrontowano z innymi dostępnymi badaniami dotyczącymi umiędzynarodowienia, współpracy i przedsiębiorstw high-tech. Zbadano różnice w postrzeganiu kooperacji (w szczególności motywów i barier) z podmiotami zagranicznymi w zależności od tego, jak długo te przedsiębiorstwa prowadzą działalność zagraniczną. Analiza wykazała przede wszystkim wyraźną specyfikę przedsiębiorstw high-tech dopiero rozpoczynających działalność zagraniczną – w fazie początkowej internacjonalizacji. Tym podmiotom trudniej jest rozwijać współpracę z podmiotami zagranicznymi, której jednocześnie bardzo potrzebują. Zasugerowano zarówno konieczność rozszerzenia myślenia o kooperacji poza ideę polityki opartej o klastry, jak i kształtowania kultury pro-kooperacyjnej, podkreślając wykazane w badaniu korzyści wynikające ze współpracy (zwiększenie zasięgu rynkowego, dostęp do wiedzy, know-how i wzrost innowacyjności)
Grzegorz Blicharz, Commons – dobra wspólnie użytkowane. Prawnoporównawcze aspekty korzystania z zasobów wodnych. Bielsko-Biała: Wydawnictwo Od.Nowa, 2017, stron 195
No full textGrzegorz Blicharz, Commons – Jointly-used Goods: Comparative Aspects of the Use of Water Resources. Bielsko-Biała: Od.Nowa, 2017, 195 Pages
“Commons – Jointly-used Goods: Comparative Aspects of the Use of Water Resources” further develops the theory of governing the dwindling resources, based on Professor Elinor Ostrom’s economic theory of Commons, and expands on it on legal science. The monograph highlights the increased effectiveness of bottom-up norms in preventing the complete depletion of the endangered resources while simultaneously satisfying the needs of the local community, if the public authorities decide to respect them. The legal and functional characteristics of those norms aren’t uniform in different legal traditions, which is shown by examples from various legal systems provided by the author. The author also acknowledges that the issue of property and restricting it in the interests of other people was often mentioned in Roman law, especially in arguments between Roman jurists about water easements. The review describes basic theses and their argumentation contained in the monograph and evaluates its substance, form, and the universal character of the referenced problem
The Crime of Slander (Defamation) in the Theory of Substantive Criminal Law
No full textThe article attempts to analyze the crime of slander (defamation) referred by the article 212 of the criminal law. At the beginning the author points out the object of protection against slander which embraces the good name of man, group of people, institutions, legal person or individual having no legal subjectivity. The concept of slander functions in everyday language as a synonym of the false accusation, i.e. the deliberate, false, unsupported attribution of specific, offending behaviour, which in fact did not happen. The slander consists in committing the crime of defamation, thus it has a nature of this crime. Secondly, the author analyses concepts concerning: the entity of an action that is prohibited, the signs identifying a result of causative action, the entity of an executive action, the signs of entity party, threats of punishment and penal measures, the confluence of acts and procedures for law enforcement. In the conclusion the author discusses circumstances excluding criminal responsibility for an accused action
The Origins and Perspectives of the Development of Mathematical Proof
No full textThis paper is an attempt to review the historically existing types of demonstration of mathematical theorems. The author shows how the notion of mathematical proof has changed through the time from the moment when mathematicians realised (thanks to the philosophical method) the necessity to justify their theses until a precise notion of proof has appeared in the framework of the formal method. Next, the author considers the possibility of modifying the notion of mathematical proof under the influence of the development of computer sciences
The Problem of Mathematicality of Nature
No full textThe aim of this paper is a presentation, specification and criticism of the thesis proclaiming the mathematicality of nature. The author distinguishes between the structural and the functional aspects of this thesis. With such an interpretation this thesis has a strong methaphysical interpretation. However such thesis is linked with some problems, concerning the issue of its verification. Therefore the author proposes to consider a neutral thesis proclaiming that nature is amathematical. Then we avoid strong assumptions concerning the structure of the world and better understand not only the successes but also failures of mathematical methods. Besides we gain a new view of the issue of efficacy of mathematical methods in natural sciences
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