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Inclusion or Exclusion of Religion:What Does Secularism Require?
No full textSecularism is a complex notion involving, on the one hand, different normative concerns about the relationship between politics and religion and, on the other, different policies for regulating this relationship. One liberal rationale for separating politics and religion is that this can be required for civic inclusion. According to such views, to the extent that a political affirmation of or support for religion fails to include all citizens as equals, politics and religion should be separated. The chapter considers what such a civic inclusion requirement might mean in practice, taking Cécile Laborde’s recent formulation of such a view as a point of departure. What civic inclusion means in practice depends on a specification of the principle of civic inclusion. The chapter discusses such a specification on the basis of Laborde’s application of her version of such a view to two prominent cases: The Lautsi case about mandatory crucifixes in Italian public schools and the Swiss ban on construction of minarets. These two cases highlight how a principle of civic inclusiveness can have both inclusive and exclusive valence in terms of what it requires. Furthermore, a principle of civic inclusiveness can apply at both the level of religious institutions or communities and at the level of individual citizens. The well-known cases about Muslim headscarves are a case in point at the individual level. A principle of civic inclusion can apparently have radically different implications in different cases. The question therefore is whether it indeed is the same principle across different cases and, if so, what then accounts for the differences in implications. The chapter argues that such a principle of civic inclusion should be based on more fundamental political principles, such as equality of opportunity or non-domination, that will then determine which inclusion or exclusion claims follow from it
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The Value of Sacred Places
Full text linkThis paper explores the neglected topic of the value of different religions’ sacred places. Such places have great value for different religions’ adherents, but that cannot account for their public political value, given that duties to respect such places fall on all citizens whatever their faith, as well as the phenomenon of secular sacred places. The paper considers and rejects three views of the value of sacred places: that they are protected by cultural rights, that damaging them would hurt the feelings of religious believers and that they are the collective property of religious groups. It then goes on to consider the right to religious liberty, which it’s argued (drawing on recent scholarship on religious accommodation) is best defended through the value of integrity or honouring one’s religious commitments. Though integrity is too individualistic a concept to explain the value of sacred places directly it’s argued that, in the way in which they demonstrate sacredness here on earth, sacred places do help enable integrity by showing what one’s commitments are invested in. This view of sacred places value is able to account for the value of non-religious sacred places, as well as duties to respect them all
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