3,757 research outputs found
“Poland represented existential experiences of resistance, political experiences and intellectual impact”. Marek Zybura in conversation with Wolfgang Templin, the author of the German biography of Józef Piłsudski
No full textWolfgang Templin (born in 1948) was active in the democratic resistance in the former GDR. He co‑founded the party Bündnis 90 in reunified Germany and was writer and author of history books. In the conversation with Marek Zybura (born in 1957) —the Chair of History of Literature and Culture of Germany in the Willy Brandt Centre of German and European Studies at the University of Wroclaw—Templin discusses the origins of his Piłsudski biography (2022), which is being published in the Polish translation by Bellona in Warsaw
Opening sentences in Marek Krajewski’s novels
No full textOpening sentences raise a lot of interest of both linguists and common Polish speakers. It is evident from numerous websites in which Internet users share their observations on the best opening sentences of books (most often novels), as well as theoretical papers and writing guides. The analysis of opening sentences of ten novels by Marek Krajewski (co-author of two of them being Mariusz Czubaj) is to provide an answer to the question to what extent the utterance opening of the texts of the Wroc³aw-based prose writer fulfill the requirements to be met by such type of constructions. It turns out that most crucial are syntactic and semantic features rather than lexical ones. The clash between theoretical assumptions and the M. Krajewski’s writing practice shows that opening sentences of his novels not always fall into classical determinants of incipient formulas. It also illustrates the thesis that a skillful writer does not need to cling to theoretical assumptions to create good opening sentences and novels translated into nearly twenty languages
Reality as a feeling – a feeling as reality. On the film by Joseph Cedar, Footnote
Get PDFHendrykowski Marek, Reality as a feeling – a feeling as reality. On the film by Joseph Cedar, Footnote. “Images” vol. XXV, no. 34. Poznań 2019. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. Pp. 57–xx. ISSN 1731-450X. DOI 10.14746/i.2019.34.04.
This analytical study by Marek Hendrykowski is an attempt to re-read one of the most valuable contemporary films of Israeli production, Footnote, written and directed by Joseph Cedar. The author paid particular attention to the specific way of conducting a seemingly dependent narration, skillfully combining the image of external reality with the sphere of thought and the feelings of the main character.Hendrykowski Marek, Reality as a feeling – a feeling as reality. On the film by Joseph Cedar, Footnote. “Images” vol. XXV, no. 34. Poznań 2019. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. Pp. 57–xx. ISSN 1731-450X. DOI 10.14746/i.2019.34.04.
This analytical study by Marek Hendrykowski is an attempt to re-read one of the most valuable contemporary films of Israeli production, Footnote, written and directed by Joseph Cedar. The author paid particular attention to the specific way of conducting a seemingly dependent narration, skillfully combining the image of external reality with the sphere of thought and the feelings of the main character
The trend of nominal and real exchange rate of koruna
No full textBachelor work, topic: The trend of nominal and real exchange rate of koruna Author: Marek Kolman Supervisor: Doc. Ing. Josef Taušer, Ph.D. Size: 58 page
O Słowackim ponowocześnie [rec. Marek Troszyński: Słowacki. Poza kanonem. Gdańsk: Wydawnictwo Słowo/ Obraz Terytoria, 2014, ss. 411, nlb. 5, il. 65.]
No full textThe title of Marek Troszyński’s book Słowacki. Poza kanonem is excellent from the perspective of marketing, but at the same time, it succeeds in conveying thecontent of the 11 chapters of different length, supplemented with 8 interesting appendices and 65 aptly selected and described illustrations. In a way, it has a character of sylwa; its previous versions (published in refereed magazines and collective monographs) became considerably re‑edited in order to achieve the result in the form of monography. I accept the opening form of this dissertation, which is proposed by the author, as well as his affirmative attitude to the poet’s quasi‑literary achievements, which makes the author “a friendly witness” of Słowacki’s biography and writing. The work is undoubtedly original, own, exceptional and quite unique. I do not expect that in the foreseeable future we will encounter any gifted follower of the method, inquisitiveness, a highly interesting narration, and at the same time a lucky discoverer of so many philological findings, offering such a great number of the conjectures of the poems, not necessarily canonical ones, however, coming after the “canonical”, because critical, edition of Juliusz Kleiner. The title of Marek Troszyński’s book Słowacki. Poza kanonem is excellent from the perspective of marketing, but at the same time, it succeeds in conveying thecontent of the 11 chapters of different length, supplemented with 8 interesting appendices and 65 aptly selected and described illustrations. In a way, it has a character of sylwa; its previous versions (published in refereed magazines and collective monographs) became considerably re‑edited in order to achieve the result in the form of monography. I accept the opening form of this dissertation, which is proposed by the author, as well as his affirmative attitude to the poet’s quasi‑literary achievements, which makes the author “a friendly witness” of Słowacki’s biography and writing. The work is undoubtedly original, own, exceptional and quite unique. I do not expect that in the foreseeable future we will encounter any gifted follower of the method, inquisitiveness, a highly interesting narration, and at the same time a lucky discoverer of so many philological findings, offering such a great number of the conjectures of the poems, not necessarily canonical ones, however, coming after the “canonical”, because critical, edition of Juliusz Kleiner. 
How (Not) to Simulate PLONK
Get PDFPLONK is a zk-SNARK system by Gabizon, Williamson, and Ciobotaru with proofs of constant size (0.5 KB) and sublinear verification time. Its setup is circuit-independent supporting proofs of arbitrary statements up to a certain size bound.
Although deployed in several real-world applications, PLONK\u27s zero-knowledge property had only been argued informally. Consequently, we were able to find and fix a vulnerability in its original specification, leading to an update of PLONK in eprint version 20220629:105924.
In this work, we construct a simulator for the patched version of PLONK and prove that it achieves statistical zero knowledge. Furthermore, we give an attack on the previous version of PLONK showing that it does not even satisfy the weaker notion of (statistical) witness indistinguishability
Adam Mickiewicz − The Presumed Reader of Słowacki’s Drama “Ksiądz Marek” [“Father Marek”]
No full textArtykuł koncentruje się na problematyce koncepcji estetycznych i ich twórczych realizacji w latach czterdziestych XIX wieku, po tzw. przełomie towianistycznym, w dramatach autora Balladyny. Z tej perspektywy intrygująca wydaje się figura Mickiewicza − domniemanego odbiorcy późnej twórczości Słowackiego, w tym dramatu pt. Ksiądz Marek, uznawanego za najbardziej towianistyczne dzieło poety. Wychodząc od próby odtworzenia domniemanej lektury tekstu Słowackiego przez Mickiewicza, ponawiam w tekście pytanie o milczenie profesora w Collège de France na temat twórczości Słowackiego − zwłaszcza tej późnej, z lat czterdziestych, która powinna być bliska Mickiewiczowi. Zadaję je w kontekście intrygującego faktu przemilczenia przez autora Dziadów własnej twórczości w prelekcjach paryskich.The article focuses on the issues of aesthetic concepts and their creative realisations in the forties, after the so-called Towian breakthrough, in the dramas of the author of Balladyna [Balladyna]. From this perspective, the figure of Mickiewicz seems to be intriguing − he appears as a supposed recipient of Słowacki’s late work, including the drama “Ksiądz Marek” [“Father Marek”], which is considered to be the work most influenced by Towianist ideas. Starting from attempts to reconstruct the alleged reading of Słowacki’s text by Mickiewicz, I repeat the question about the professor’s silence at the Collège de France about the work of Słowacki − especially that written in the late forties, which should be well-known to Mickiewicz. I ask this question in the context of an intriguing fact of Mickiewicz’s silence about his own work during his Paris lectures
Wie man PLONK simuliert: Eine formale Sicherheitsanalyse eines zk-SNARKs
Get PDFZero-Knowledge-Beweise ermöglichen es, etwas zu beweisen, ohne dabei Informationen über die Wahrheit der Aussage hinaus preiszugeben. Dieses paradoxe Konzept, welches ursprünglich rein theoretischer Natur war, hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten eine breite Anwendung in der Praxis gefunden. An der Spitze dieser Entwicklung stehen Beweissysteme, die zk-SNARKs genannt werden, was für Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge steht. Sie vermeiden nicht nur, dass mehrere Runden der Interaktion erforderlich sind, sondern haben auch Beweise, die deutlich kürzer als die bewiesene Aussage selbst sind, wobei einige Konstruktionen sogar Beweise mit konstanter Größe erreichen. Einer der aktuellsten zk-SNARKs ist "PLONK" von Gabizon, Williamson und Ciobotaru aus dem Jahr 2019. Seine Beweise haben mit nur einem halben Kilobyte konstante Größe und können in sublinearer Zeit verifiziert werden. Darüber hinaus müssen die erforderlichen öffentlichen Parameter nur einmalig aufgesetzt werden, um beliebige Aussagen bis zu einer bestimmten Länge beweisen zu können, was PLONK zu einem universellen und zeiteffizienten zk-SNARK macht. Obwohl PLONK sehr einflussreich ist und in mehreren realen Anwendungen eingesetzt wird, gibt es keinen formalen Sicherheitsbeweis seiner Zero-Knowledge-Eigenschaft. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit zeigen wir auf, wie eine von uns gefundene Sicherheitslücke in der Zero-Knowledge-Implementierung von PLONK behoben werden kann. Das PLONK-Protokoll wurde bereits entsprechend ausgebessert. Unser Hauptbeitrag ist ein formaler Sicherheitsbeweis dafür, dass die resultierende Version von PLONK statistisches Zero-Knowledge erfüllt. Hierfür zeigen wir, wie Beweise bis auf einen exponentiell kleinen Unterschied simuliert werden können, ohne dabei Zugriff auf die geheimen Informationen des Beweisers zu haben. Gemäß der Standarddefinition von Zero-Knowledge folgt daraus, dass PLONK-Beweise (statistisch) keine Informationen über die Wahrheit der Aussage hinaus preisgeben. Zudem führen wir eine genaue Sicherheitsanalyse des gesamten PLONK-Protokolls durch, einschließlich des Nachweises der Sicherheit aller seiner Komponenten. Dabei beweisen wir eine präzise obere Schranke für den Knowledge-Soundness-Fehler von PLONK im algebraischen Gruppenmodell. Da der ursprüngliche Beweis der Knowledge-Soundness von PLONK ebenfalls auf diesem idealisierten Modell beruht, tragen unsere Ergebnisse zu einem allgemein besseren Verständnis der Sicherheitseigenschaften von PLONK bei.Zero-knowledge proofs enable proving a statement without revealing any information beyond its truth. This paradoxical notion has evolved over the last few decades from a theoretical concept to the wide adoption of highly efficient zero-knowledge proof systems in practice. At the forefront of this development are proof systems called zk-SNARKs, which stands for zero-knowledge succinct non-interactive argument of knowledge. Not only do they avoid multiple rounds of interaction, but zk-SNARKs also offer succinct proofs whose length is much shorter than the size of the proved statement, with some constructions even achieving constant-size proofs. Among the most recent state-of-the-art constructions is the zk-SNARK "PLONK" by Gabizon, Williamson, and Ciobotaru from 2019. It has constant-size proofs of only half a kilobyte and sublinear proof verification time. Furthermore, it only requires a single trusted setup of its public parameters to support proofs of any statement up to a certain size bound, making PLONK a universal and fully succinct zk-SNARK. Although highly influential and implemented in several real-world applications, there is no formal security proof of its zero knowledge property. In this thesis, we disclose a vulnerability found in PLONK's implementation of zero knowledge and propose how to fix it. As a result, the PLONK protocol has been patched accordingly. Our primary contribution is a formal security proof establishing that the resulting version of PLONK achieves statistical zero knowledge. Towards this goal, we show how to simulate proofs up to an exponentially small difference without relying on any secret information used by the prover. Following the standard definition of zero knowledge, this implies that PLONK proofs reveal (statistically) zero information beyond the truth of the statement. Moreover, we conduct a rigorous security analysis of the entire PLONK protocol, proving the security of all its underlying components. This allows us to show a precise upper bound on PLONK's knowledge soundness error in the algebraic group model. Since the original proof given by the authors of PLONK relies on the same idealized model, our results help towards a better understanding of the security guarantees of PLONK in general
The Mimicry of Juliusz Słowacki's Father Marek
No full textThis paper seeks to consider the issue of mimicry in Juliusz Słowacki's drama Father Marek. The semantics of the theatrical sign has been interpreted on the basis of theoretical, theatrical, and theological studies. The author analyses the mimicry of figures as a visual sign of their space and internal states. She turns our attention to the importance of mimicry in the stage rendering of mystical experiences, the role of metaphor and relations in the creation of that theatrical sign
Some comments on Maurycy Zajęki’s paper brute and institutional presuppositions: an attempt to broaden the concept of Marek Smolak’s concept of a legal text presuppositions
No full textThe paper contains the polemics and refers to certain doubts that Maurycy Zaje˛cki presented in his paper. Responding to them, Marek Smolak formulated the following three remarks. Firstly, he accepts the postulate that presuppositions should be divided into, as proposed by M. Zaje˛cki, brute and institutional presuppositions. Secondly, contrary to M. Zaje˛cki’s view, the author of this paper argues that a certain fact is indeed an institutional fact even when, based on mutual expectations, only two persons recognise it as a fact. Thirdly, the author emphasises the fact that the truthfulness of the existence of institutional facts presupposed in a legal text depends on their social acceptance.Artykuł zawiera polemikę z wątpliwościami, jakie przedstawił w swym artykule Maurycy Zajęcki. Autor sformułował trzy uwagi. Po pierwsze, uznaje zasadność podziału presupozycji zaproponowanego przez M. Zajęckiego na presupozycje surowe oraz presupozycje instytucjonalne. Po drugie, wbrew stanowisku M. Zajęckiego autor argumentuje, że dany fakt jest faktem instytucjonalnym nawet wtedy, gdy na podstawie wzajemnych oczekiwań zostanie uznany tylko przez dwie osoby. Po trzecie, autor podkreśla, że prawdziwość twierdzeń o istnieniu faktów instytucjonalnych presuponowanych w tekście prawnym jest uzależniona od ich społecznej akceptacji
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