1,720,970 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Developing integrated health information systems in low income countries: an enterprise architecture approach
Full text linkIn the last half-century the world has witnessed dramatic gains in health status. These are occurring in developing countries now but started in Europe and other wealthier countries around the global in the late 19th century and early 20thcentury. These improvements were partly attributed to increasing in education and income of the population which resulted in more hygienic living conditions and nutrition later in the 20th, expansion of health and public health services by governments and biomedical innovations. Sub-Saharan Africa still carries most of the global burden of disease with low life expectancy at birth with majority of deaths occurring to children under the age of 5 years. Infectious diseases are the major contributors to the disease burden in sub-Saharan Africa that affect the poorest in addition to noncommunicable diseases. The health system is a major determinant in reversing
this burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Health systems in sub-Saharan Africa are weak and need to cope with simultaneous communicable and noncommunicable epidemics. Health information systems play a significant role in steering health system strengthening and documenting progress as it provides reliable information on health determinants, health system performance and population health status. Despite its importance, health information systems in many developing countries are weak, fragmented and often focused exclusively on disease-specific programme
areas. Integration of health information systems will provide the basis for public health professionals to look at the health system from different viewpoints.
Enterprise architecture (EA) is a management tool that provides means for aligning information systems with organisation’s mission, goals and objectives. EA is used to develop a comprehensive description of all of the key elements and relationships of an organization and its alignment with an organization’s mission, goals, and strategic objectives with information systems. EA can be used as a method for designing health information systems in terms of a well defined set of building blocks, and showing how the building blocks fit together and how they communicate with each other. This research aims to study the potential of EA as a strategic methodology that can be used to systematically gather and document health information system
requirements to design a unified comprehensive health information system that integrates data from diverse sources at all levels of the health system for localised evidence-based decision making and health systems strengthening.
This research used qualitative method to collect primary and secondary data. Primary research data was collected through in-depth interviews with key stakeholders and observation and discussions in workshops and meetings. Secondary research include desk research by searching for published and unpublished research outputs, white papers, reports, user manuals and training materials.
Gathering and documenting requirements and processes that facilitate systematic design and development of health information systems that are usable, integrated, interoperable and sustainable are practices neglected by Ministries of Health and donor partners in health systems strengthening. In response, this thesis presents original studies on the potential use of an EA approach to strengthen health information systems in low income countries.
EA is a systems science approach that is widely used in software design in developed countries.
It is common to see, in developing countries, the application of EA to be focusing on developing eHealth or HIS architecture in silos with little attention paid its application in the context of the health system. This thesis shows developing countries would benefit more from EA by applying it to simplify the complexity of the health system through guiding a systems thinking approach to describe processes, personnel, information systems, data and sub-systems their alignment and
how they are all intended to complement health systems goals and strategic direction. In the process of developing EA developing countries should use the opportunity to reassess the current processes, indicators and data usage and take a decision to either eliminate processes that are no longer required or rationalise them.
Developing countries has realised the potential of ICT in improving healthcare delivery and availability of information for evidence decision making. Despite this realisation many HISs in developing countries are chaotic characterised by silo systems unable to communicate with each other. EA approach facilitates the design of integrated HISs by describing HIS in a more systemic holistic way.
Zusammenfassung
In den letzten fünfzig Jahren hat sich der Gesundheitszustand der Weltbevölkerung dramatisch verbessert. Während sich dieser Fortschritt heute vor allem auf Entwicklungsländer beschränkt, begann er in Europa und anderen wohlhabenden Ländern auf der ganzen Welt schon im späten 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhundert. Solche Verbesserungen sind teilweise der höheren Bildung und dem höheren Einkommen der Bevölkerung zuzuschreiben, welche hygienischere
Lebensverhältnisse und Ernährungsgewohnheiten im 20. Jahrhundert zur Folge hatten, aber auch erweiterten Gesundheitsdiensten durch Regierungen und biomedizinischen Erfindungen.
Afrika südlich der Sahara trägt nach wie vor den grössten Teil der globalen Krankheitslast mit einer tiefen Lebenserwartung bei der Geburt und der höchsten Todesfallrate bei Kindern unter 5 Jahren. Infektionskrankheiten sind neben nichtansteckenden Krankheiten Hauptbestandteil der Krankheitslast, die die ärmsten in Afrika südlich der Sahara trifft. Das Gesundheitssystem ist ein bedeutender Einflussfaktor, wenn es um die Reduktion dieser Krankheiten in Afrika südlich der
Sahara geht. Gesundheitssysteme in Afrika südlich der Sahara sind schwach und kämpfen gleichzeitig mit Epidemien ansteckender und nichtansteckender Krankheiten.
Gesundheitsinformationssysteme spielen eine wichtige Rolle bei der Verbesserung der Gesundheitssysteme und helfen, den Fortschritt zu dokumentieren, da sie verlässliche Informationen zu Gesundheitsfaktoren, Effizienz des Gesundheitssystems und den Gesundheitszustand der Bevölkerung liefern. Obwohl sie so bedeutend sind, sind Gesundheitsinformationssysteme in vielen Entwicklungsländern schwach, bruchstückhaft und oft nur auf bestimmte betroffene Gebiete beschränkt. Die Vernetzung der Gesundheitsinformationssysteme würde es für Angestellte des Gesundheitswesens ermöglichen, das Gesundheitssystem von verschiedenen Blickwinkeln her zu betrachten.
„Enterprise architecture“ (EA) ist ein Führungsinstrument, das es ermöglicht,
Informationssysteme mit dem Auftrag und den Zielvereinbarungen einer Organisation zu vergleichen. EA entwickelt eine umfassende Beschreibung aller Schlüsselelemente und Beziehungen einer Organisation, um das Informationssystem auf den Auftrag und die strategischen Ziele der Organisation auszurichten. EA kann zur Entwicklung von Gesundheitsinformationssystemen mittels genau definierter Bausteine verwendet werden und zeigen wie die Bausteine zusammenpassen und miteinander in Verbindung stehen. Die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit untersucht die Möglichkeiten von EA als strategische Methode zum systematischen Sammeln und Dokumentieren von Anforderungen eines Gesundheitsinformationssystems. Dadurch soll ein umfassendes, einheitliches Gesundheitsinformationssystem entwickelt werden, das Daten von verschiedenen Quellen auf allen Stufen des Gesundheitssystems zusammenführt, um eingegrenzte, evidenzbasierte
Entscheidungen und die Stärkung des Gesundheitssystems zu fördern.
In dieser Forschungsarbeit wurden qualitative Methoden verwendet, um primäre und sekundäre Daten zu sammeln. Primäre Daten wurden durch Tiefeninterviews mit den wichtigsten Interessenvertretern erhoben, sowie anhand von Beobachtungen und Diskussionen in Workshops und Sitzungen. Die sekundäre Datenerhebung beinhaltet Schreibtischarbeit wie die Suche nach publizierten und nicht-publizierten Forschungsergebnissen, Weissbüchern, Berichten, Bedienungsanleitungen und Schulungsunterlagen.Das Sammeln und Dokumentieren von Vorgaben und Prozessen, die das systematische Designen und Entwickeln von Gesundheits-informationssystemen, die anwendbar, umfassend, kompatibel und nachhaltig sind, vereinfachen, wird von den Gesundheitsministerien und Geberpartnern bei
der Stärkung der Gesundheitssysteme vernachlässigt. Die vorliegende Arbeit präsentiert Originalstudien zur möglichen Anwendung von EA, um Gesundheits-informationssysteme in einkommensschwachen Ländern zu stärken.
EA ist eine systematische, wissenschaftliche Herangehensweise, deren Anwendung im Softwaredesign in entwickelten Ländern weit verbreitet ist. Üblicherweise wird in
Entwicklungsländern EA bei der Entwicklung von eHealth oder der Architektur von
Gesundheitsinformationssystemen in Silos angewendet, wobei der Verwendung im
Zusammenhang mit dem Gesundheitssystem wenig Beachtung geschenkt wird. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt, dass Entwicklungsländer mehr von EA profitieren würden, wenn sie es zur Vereinfachung von Komplexitäten im Gesundheitssystem anwenden würden. Durch einen „Systems Thinking“-Ansatz könnten Prozesse, Personal, Informationssysteme, Daten und Subsysteme beschrieben und angepasst werden, um Ziele und strategische Richtung des Gesundheitssystems zu ergänzen. Während der Erarbeitung des EA sollten Entwicklungsländer die Gelegenheit nutzen, ihre Prozessabläufe, Indikatoren und Datenanwendungen zu überdenken,
und überholte Prozesse zu eliminieren oder zu rationalisieren.
Entwickelte Länder haben das Potential der Informations- und Kommunikations-technologie erkannt, um die Gesundheitsvorsorge und die Verfügbarkeit von Informationen für evidenzbasierte Entscheidungen zu verbessern. Trotz dieser Erkenntnis sind viele Gesundheitsinformationssysteme in entwickelten Ländern chaotisch und zeichnen sich durch Silosysteme aus, die nicht interagieren können. Der EA Ansatz vereinfacht den Aufbau von integrierten Gesundheitsinformations-systemen in einer systematischeren, umfassenderen Art
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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