1,721,016 research outputs found
Author Correction: Species richness and beta diversity patterns of multiple taxa along an elevational gradient in pastured grasslands in the European Alps (Scientific Reports, (2020), 10, 1, (12516), 10.1038/s41598-020-69569-9)
No full textCorrection to: Scientific Reportshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69569-9, published online 27 July 2020 The original version of the Article contains an error. The Data Availability section is incomplete. “All species recorded during this study are included in Supplementary Information files of this article.” should read: “The datasets generated and analyzed during this study are not publicly available due to the presence of rare and endangered species at the study sites. However, they are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Site locations and a list of all species recorded in this study are included in the Supplementary Information files of this article.
Evaluating changes in insect-microorganism relationships along an altitudinal gradient
No full textAlpine pastures are one of the most common landscapes in the Alps and one of the most threatened by climate change. In this environment the below-ground biomass (such as Bacteria, Fungi, Archaea, etc.) is much greater than above-ground biomass including plant and livestock. Soil microorganisms interact with the other components of the environment such as plants and invertebrates. A great number of Prokaryota and Fungi are predated by soil animals, but they are also symbiotic with them, for example as part of their gut microbiota. Furthermore, the microbiota associated with soil fauna is paramount for the health of soil fauna itself. Considering that this kind of interactions are almost unknown, the aim of the study is to analyze the relationship between soil microorganism and soil fauna including abiotic factors (temperature, soil moisture, soil organic content, etc.) as well as biotic factors, in order to elucidate the main drivers of soil microbial and soil fauna diversity. Regarding soil fauna, we selected different taxa: - Nematodes as component of soil microfauna and as important predators of microorganisms. - Collembola as component of mesofauna, including several fungivores species. - Earthworms, the soil engineering that affect the soil structure. - Beetles belonging to two different families: Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and Rove Beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) as important predators of invertebrates. Thanks to Next Generation Sequencing methods such as metataxomics, it is possible to identify entire microorganisms' communities. Sequence of 16S rDNA gene (V4 - V5 regions) for the Prokaryota and sequence of Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) for fungi, will be amplified and cluster in Operational Taxonomic Units in order to clarify the functional role of the microorganisms associated with soil fauna and understand how the interactions between soil fauna and microorganism change along an altitudinal gradient in relation with abiotic factors
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Valutazione dei cambiamenti nelle relazioni insetto-microrganismi su gradiente altitudinale
Full text linkI pascoli alpini sono uno dei paesaggi maggiormente diffusi nell’arco alpino nonostante il progressivo abbandono della pastorizia tradizionale e i cambiamenti climatici costituiscono una seria minaccia per questa tipologia di ambiente. Inoltre, ospitano numerosi organismi che si sono adattati ai metodi di allevamento estensivo: ad esempio è stato appurato come la quantità di biomassa presente nell’ecosistema suolo sia ben maggiore della biomassa presente in superficie, pur includendo piante e bestiame. Molti aspetti degli organismi che abitano il suolo e la sua superficie non sono ancora noti, in particolare le interazioni tra microrganismi e invertebrati all’interno dei pascoli lasciano aperti innumerevoli quesiti. Siamo a conoscenza delle relazioni preda-predatore tra microrganismi ed invertebrati, ma sappiamo anche come molti microrganismi siano simbionti con gli artropodi, ad esempio come parte del loro microbiota intestinale. Questi ultimi microrganismi giocano quindi un ruolo importante anche nella salute stessa degli invertebrati del suolo. Considerando che questo tipo di interazioni sono quasi del tutto ignote, lo scopo dello studio è quello di valutare le relazioni tra microrganismi e la fauna del suolo includendo fattori abiotici quali la temperatura, l’umidità del suolo, il contenuto organico del suolo, ma anche fattori biotici, ai fini di comprendere i fattori determinanti la biodiversità del suolo. In aggiunta, lo studio è svolto su gradiente altitudinale per testare gli effetti dei cambiamenti climatici sulla fauna del suolo e sul loro microbiota intestinale. I taxa selezionati per lo studio sono i seguenti: 1) Nematodi come componenti della microfauna e importanti predatori di microrganismi. 2) Collemboli, membri della mesofauna e importanti organismi detritivori.3) Lombrichi, considerati ingegneri del suolo dal momento che giocano un ruolo importante nella struttura del suolo stesso.4) Coleotteri appartenenti alle famiglie degli stafilinidi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) e dei carabidi (Coleoptera: Carabidae), i quali sono importanti predatori di altri invertebrati. Grazie alle tecniche di Next Generation Sequencing come la metataxomica, è oggi possibile individuare intere comunità di microrganismi. Le analisi sono effettuate sulla sequenza del gene 16S rDNA per le regioni V4-V5 per quel che riguarda i Prokaryota e la sequenza del gene Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 per i Fungi. Dal momento che le analisi delle sequenze di DNA sono ancora in fase di svolgimento, al Congresso verranno presentati i risultati preliminari dello studio
Evaluating microbiodiversity in Alpine pastures
Full text linkAlpine pastures are one of the most common landscapes in the Alps and one of the most threatened by climate change. In this environment the below-ground biomass (such as Bacteria, Fungi, Archaea, etc.) is much greater than above-ground biomass including plant and livestock. Soil microorganisms interact with the other components of the environment such as plants and invertebrates. A great number of Prokaryota and Fungi are predated by soil animals, but they are also symbiotic with them, for example as part of their gut microbiota. Furthermore, the microbiota associated with soil fauna is paramount for the health of soil fauna itself. Considering that this kind of interactions are almost unknown, the aim of the study is to analyze the relationship between soil microorganism and soil fauna including abiotic factors (temperature, soil moisture, soil organic content, etc.) as well as biotic factors, in order to elucidate the main drivers of soil microbial and soil fauna diversity. Regarding soil fauna, we selected different taxa: - Nematodes as component of soil microfauna and as important predators of microorganisms. - Collembola as component of mesofauna, including several fungivores species. - Earthworms, the soil engineering that affect the soil structure. - Beetles belonging to two different families: Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and Rove Beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) as important predators of invertebrates. Thanks to Next Generation Sequencing methods such as metataxomics, it is possible to identify entire microorganisms' communities. Sequence of 16S rDNA gene (V4 - V5 regions) for the Prokaryota and sequence of Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) for fungi, will be amplified and cluster in Operational Taxonomic Units in order to clarify the functional role of the microorganisms associated with soil fauna and understand how the interactions between soil fauna and microorganism change along an altitudinal gradient in relation with abiotic factors
On doctrines and cartesian bicategories
No full textWe study the relationship between cartesian bicategories and a specialisation of Lawvere’s hyperdoctrines, namely elementary existential doctrines. Both provide different ways of abstracting the structural properties of logical systems: the former in algebraic terms based on a string diagrammatic calculus, the latter in universal terms using the fundamental notion of adjoint functor. We prove that these two approaches are related by an adjunction, which can be strengthened to an equivalence by imposing further constraints on doctrines
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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