178,174 research outputs found
LA COMUNITÀ FITOPLANCTONICA E LO STATO TROFICO DEL LAGO DI OSCHIRI (SARDEGNA SETTENTRIONALE)
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Water costs allocation in complex systems using a cooperative game theory approach
No full textAbstract The management of complex water resource systems that address water service recovery costs and consider adequate contributions and priorities require methods that integrate technical, economic, environmental, social and legal aspects into a comprehensive framework. In Europe, the Water Framework Directive (WFD) 2000/60/EC recommends that the pricing politics in a river basin take into account the cost recovery and the economic sustainability of the water use. However, the current cost allocation methods do not consider the user's willingness to pay and often do not permit a total cost recovery. Thus, a new approach is required that includes these requirements when defining water rates. This article presents a methodology to allocate water service costs in a water resource system among different users that attempts to fulfil the WFD requirements. The methodology is based on Cooperative Game Theory (CGT) techniques and on the definition of the related characteristic function using a mathematical optimisation approach. The CGT provides the instruments that are necessary to analyse situations that require a cost-sharing rule. The CGT approach can define efficient and fair solutions that provide the appropriate incentives among the parties involved. Therefore, the water system cost allocation has been valued as a game in which it is necessary to determine the right payoff for each player that is, in this case, a water user. To apply the CGT principles in a water resources system, the characteristic function needs to be defined and evaluated using an adequate modelling approach; in this study, it is evaluated using the optimisation model WARGI. (Sechi and Zuddas, 2000). The so-called “core” represents the game-solution set. It represents the area of the admissible cost allocation values from which the boundaries on the cost values for each player can be supplied. Within the core lie all of the allocations that satisfy the principles of equity, fairness, justice, efficiency and that guarantee cost recovery. The core of a cooperative game can represent a useful instrument to define the water cost rates. Furthermore, it can be used as a valid support in water resource management to achieve the economic analysis required by the WFD. The methodology was applied to a multi-reservoir and multi-demand water system in Sardinia, Italy
Water Resource Allocation in Critical Scarcity Conditions: A Bankruptcy Game Approach
No full textWater resource allocation in critical scarcity conditions represents a common
problem in water-system management in Mediterranean regions. This article describes a
methodology for the allocation of scarce resources in a complex supply system by using the Bankruptcy Games techniques. A classical bankruptcy problem arises from a situation in which some agents have claims on the available estate to be divided, such that each agent might receive a non-negative amount that cannot exceed its claim. The methodological approach described in this article is linked to Cooperative Games Theory and allows theevaluation of a sharing rule for goods that are not sufficient to satisfy the total requests of the users in the system. Moreover, a new criterion is developed that, in resource allocation, privileges those users with higher priority. Users’ willingness to pay is considered to definepriority; the methodology can be considered innovative in this field of research. This approachhas been applied in water resource systems using critical scarcity scenarios: initially, asimplified water system is used; then, the complex and multi-purpose Tirso-Flumendosa-Campidano water system in southern Sardinia, Italy, is examined
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No full textUse of isolated peptide belonging to Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis, having specific homology, or isolated antibody, as biomarker in an in vitro test for diagnosing individual who is susceptible to or who is developing type I diabetes
No full textAbstract: NOVELTY - As biomarker in an in vitro test for diagnosing an individual who is susceptible to or who is developing type I diabetes, a peptide selected from at least one isolated peptide belonging to Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis-3865c (MAP3865c), at least one peptide having an homology of at least 50% in comparison to a corresponding peptide belonging to human zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) sequence after optimal alignment, or at least one isolated antibody specific for the peptide, is used.
USE - As biomarker in an in vitro test for diagnosing an individual who is susceptible to or who is developing type I diabetes; and in vaccine for the treatment or prophylaxis of type I diabetes (claimed).
ADVANTAGE - The method is more sensitive than the prior art method; and is able to allow to intervene in time with a treatment for preventing or delaying the onset of type I diabetes, for instance by avoiding, controlling or monitoring Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION - As biomarker in an in vitro test for diagnosing an individual who is susceptible to or who is developing type I diabetes, a peptide selected from at least one isolated peptide belonging to Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis-3865c (MAP3865c), at least one peptide having an homology of at least 50% in comparison to a corresponding peptide belonging to human ZnT8 sequence after optimal alignment, or at least one isolated antibody specific for the peptide; or a peptide selected from at least one isolated peptide belonging to ZnT8 sequence having amino acids 174-194, peptide having an homology of at least 50% in comparison to a corresponding peptide belonging to MAP3865c from amino acids 121-141, or isolated antibodies specific for the peptide, as biomarkers in an in vitro test for diagnosing an individual who is susceptible to or who is developing type I diabetes, is used. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following: 1) new isolated nucleic acid molecule encoding for the peptide; 2) new vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule; new isolated cell comprising the vector; 3) a kit comprising a container containing the peptide or the nucleic acid molecule; 4) new isolated antibody specific for the peptide; 5) use of vaccine comprising the isolated peptide for the treatment or prophylaxis of type I diabetes; and 6) use of anti Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis drugs in the prevention and treatment of type I diabetes
Apprendimento della lettura e competenze non verbali nei bambini con disturbi specifici di lettura e scrittura
No full textAppropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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