1,720,953 research outputs found
Mayor as a local leader. Pros and cons of municipal reform – legal consideration
Full text linkThe article focuses on the problem of the mayor as a local
leader and describes the reform of the municipal which was introduced
in 2002. Thesis in divided into three parts. In the first part
author defines mayor as a local leader in the local government.
In the second part article describes comparison on the collegiate
community board with mayor and also author writes about advantages
and disadvantages of this system. Another problem is conflict
of the executive and the legislative body. In the following part
we can read about limit term mayor in municipalities. The last
chapter is reflections and conclusions on the introductions of direct
executive authority in polish law and suggestions tending to remove
the pathology in relation mayor – the municipal council
Legal highs – unpredictable drugs. Social and legal problem
Full text linkThe aim of this article is to present the problem of new psychoactive substances – designer drugs. New drugs are undoubtedly a social and legal problem. The existing legal regulations lag behind the producers of designer drugs who use all the available methods to bypass the law, which is a kind of race between criminals and the legislator. In the author’s opinion the current methods used by the Polish legislator are not effective. Prohibition policy has led to the emergence of new deadly agents such as designer drugs. When looking for an answer to the question of how to fight new drugs, we need to look at various instruments, not just the criminal law. According to the author the adoption of a liberal strategy involving the legalization of soft drugs is an effective solution. Legal soft drugs would put an end to the prevalence of high-risk designer drugs
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Mechanizmy prawne demokracji lokalnej w systemie samorządu gminnego
No full textCelem niniejszej rozprawy doktorskiej jest wskazanie mechanizmów prawnych demokracji lokalnej w samorządzie gminnym w Polsce, ocena ich funkcjonowania, egzemplifikacja niedoskonałości oraz koncepcje naprawy mechanizmów dotkniętych dysfunkcjami. Okres prawie trzydziestu lat od przywrócenia samorządu terytorialnego w Polsce pozwolił na zobrazowanie kondycji podstawowego jego szczebla – samorządu gminnego. Analiza przeprowadzonych w pracy rozważań była asumptem do refleksji na temat procesu przemian modelu władzy lokalnej, a także aktualnego stanu samorządu gminnego w Polsce. Z celu rozprawy doktorskiej oraz jej zakresu badawczego wynika struktura pracy, której rozdziały zostały skonstruowane w układzie problemowym. W obrębie rozdziałów został dokonany przegląd mechanizmów prawnych demokracji lokalnej, od klasycznych opartych na demokracji przedstawicielskiej (mandat radnego), poprzez bezpośredni wybór wójta, burmistrza i prezydenta miasta w gminach (tzw. model „silnego burmistrza”), do mechanizmów demokracji bezpośredniej (referendum lokalne). Wskazane zostały ponadto instrumenty partycypacyjne takie jak: konsultacje społeczne, budżety obywatelskie, sondaże deliberatywne oraz inne mechanizmy dające możliwość uczestnictwa społeczności lokalnej w procesie rządzenia, z uwzględnieniem nowych form partycypacji zaordynowanych przez ustawodawcę. Refleksji została poddana instytucja odpowiedzialności rady gminy i wójtów, także de lege ferenda indywidualnych radnych. Rozprawę doktorską zamyka podsumowanie zawierające najważniejsze wnioski i postulaty wypływające z analizy wykorzystanych w niej materiałów. W efekcie oceny obowiązujących rozwiązań prawnych zaprezentowanych w pracy wykrystalizowały się propozycje wyznaczające potencjalny kierunek reform w ustrojowym prawie samorządowym
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