166 research outputs found
Der Krieg in mir
Can our parents and grandparents’ traumatic experiences influence our behaviour? Could they be inscribed in our DNA? Nightmares about war lead the director on a journey into his family’s past
Liberty protected by law: race, rights, and the Civil War in Illinois
The student, Sally Heinzel, accepted the attached license on 2015-04-20 at 12:42.The student, Sally Heinzel, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2015-04-20 at 12:52.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2015-04-20 at 14:36.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #7949 on 2015-07-22 at 14:18:19Illinois was a hostile place for free blacks to live before the Civil War. Its racial laws, built on the principles of white supremacy and exclusivity, were among the most restrictive in the antebellum North. Illinois’s legal code discouraged blacks from moving to the state and severely circumscribed the rights of those who did. Yet, only weeks before the Civil War ended, Illinois lawmakers repealed the state’s most oppressive black laws. This dissertation explores how the war destabilized the racial order that white Illinoisans had constructed. It travels from the home front to the frontlines in order to understand the ways civilians and soldiers responded to a war that evolved into an assault on slavery. As Illinois soldiers became willing participants in the process of emancipation, Republicans back at home strove to eliminate the vestiges of slavery by striking down state statutes that denied blacks natural rights and equal protection under the law.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I only', the embargo will last until 2017-05-01Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T22:33:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2015-04-20Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 79876
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Perspektive: Kind
Rezension: Friederike Heinzel (Hrsg.): Methoden der Kindheitsforschung. Ein Überblick über Forschungszugänge zur kindlichen Perspektive. (Kindheiten, 18). Weinheim und München: Juventa Verl. 2000. (2) Michael-Sebastian Honig, Andreas Lange, Hans Rudolf Leu (Hrsg.): Aus der Perspektive von Kindern? Zur Methodologie der Kindheitsforschung. (Kindheiten, 16). Weinheim und München: Juventa Verl. 1999
Turning When Using Smartphone in Persons With and Those Without Neurologic Conditions: Observational Study
Background:
Turning during walking is a relevant and common everyday movement and it depends on a correct top-down intersegmental coordination. This could be reduced in several conditions (en bloc turning), and an altered turning kinematics has been linked to increased risk of falls. Smartphone use has been associated with poorer balance and gait; however, its effect on turning-while-walking has not been investigated yet. This study explores turning intersegmental coordination during smartphone use in different age groups and neurologic conditions.
Objective:
This study aims to evaluate the effect of smartphone use on turning behavior in healthy individuals of different ages and those with various neurological diseases.
Methods:
Younger (aged 18-60 years) and older (aged >60 years) healthy individuals and those with Parkinson disease, multiple sclerosis, subacute stroke (<4 weeks), or lower-back pain performed turning-while-walking alone (single task [ST]) and while performing 2 different cognitive tasks of increasing complexity (dual task [DT]). The mobility task consisted of walking up and down a 5-m walkway at self-selected speed, thus including 180° turns. Cognitive tasks consisted of a simple reaction time test (simple DT [SDT]) and a numerical Stroop test (complex DT [CDT]). General (turn duration and the number of steps while turning), segmental (peak angular velocity), and intersegmental turning parameters (intersegmental turning onset latency and maximum intersegmental angle) were extracted for head, sternum, and pelvis using a motion capture system and a turning detection algorithm.
Results:
In total, 121 participants were enrolled. All participants, irrespective of age and neurologic disease, showed a reduced intersegmental turning onset latency and a reduced maximum intersegmental angle of both pelvis and sternum relative to head, thus indicating an en bloc turning behavior when using a smartphone. With regard to change from the ST to turning when using a smartphone, participants with Parkinson disease reduced their peak angular velocity the most, which was significantly different from lower-back pain relative to the head (P<.01). Participants with stroke showed en bloc turning already without smartphone use.
Conclusions:
Smartphone use during turning-while-walking may lead to en bloc turning and thus increase fall risk across age and neurologic disease groups. This behavior is probably particularly dangerous for those groups with the most pronounced changes in turning parameters during smartphone use and the highest fall risk, such as individuals with Parkinson disease. Moreover, the experimental paradigm presented here might be useful in differentiating individuals with lower-back pain without and those with early or prodromal Parkinson disease. In individuals with subacute stroke, en bloc turning could represent a compensative strategy to overcome the newly occurring mobility deficit. Considering the ubiquitous smartphone use in daily life, this study should stimulate future studies in the area of fall risk and neurological and orthopedic diseases
Investigation of the structure-property-relation of electrodes for lithium-ion batteries depending on the current collector, the binder as well as the compression and the evaluation of an ionic liquid as electrolyte
Eine große Herausforderung des 21. Jahrhunderts stellt die Bereitstellung von Energie unter gleichzeitiger Reduzierung der globalen Schadstoffemissionen dar. Zur Realisierung dieses Ziels sind effiziente, kostengünstige sowie umweltfreundliche Energiespeichersysteme notwendig. Lithium-Ionen-Batterien sind hierbei aussichtsreiche Kandidaten für derartige Speichersysteme.
Neben der elektrochemisch aktiven Komponente wird das elektrochemische Verhalten von Lithium-Ionen-Batterie-Elektroden durch elektrochemisch inaktive Materialien sowie durch die Elektrodenarchitektur beeinflusst. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich hierbei mit der Struktur-Eigenschafts-Beziehung von Lithium-Ionen-Batterie-Elektroden.
Als Anodenmaterial dient das sichere sowie hochleistungsfähige Li4Ti5O12 und als Kathodenmaterial fungiert das sichere, umweltfreundliche und kostengünstige LiFePO4. Ein guter elektrischer Kontakt zwischen der Aktivmasse und dem Stromabnehmer ist notwendig, um einen schnellen Elektronentransfer zwischen diesen beiden Komponenten zu realisieren. Um diesen Transfer zu beeinflussen, wurde die Oberfläche von den metallischen Stromabnehmern chemisch modifiziert. Mit chemischen, elektrochemischen sowie strukturaufklärenden Analysemethoden werden die Wechselwirkungen zwischen dem Stromabnehmer und der Aktivmasse als Funktion des Stromabnehmers und des Bindersystems diskutiert. Ferner wurde die Mikrostruktur von Elektroden mittels Verdichtung gezielt modifiziert. Anhand von elektrochemischen Messungen werden Schlussfolgerungen über die ionische und elektrische Leitfähigkeit in Abhängigkeit des Verdichtungsgrades gewonnen. Darüber hinaus wird der Einfluss der Primärpartikelgröße des LiFePO4 auf die Elektrodenmikrostruktur sowie auf das elektrochemische Verhalten diskutiert.
Ein weiterer Aspekt der vorliegenden Arbeit stellt die Erhöhung der Sicherheit von Lithium-Ionen-Batterien dar. Üblicherweise werden in Lithium-Ionen-Batterien Elektrolyte auf der Basis organischer Carbonate eingesetzt. Solche Carbonate sind leicht entflammbar und weisen somit ein erhebliches Gefahrenpotential auf. Um diese Gefahrenquelle zu vermeiden wird die Funktionalität der schwer entflammbaren, ionischen Flüssigkeit N-Methoxyethyl-N-methylmorpholinium Bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imid als Elektrolyt in Lithium-Ionen-Batterien bewertet.To ensure the energy demand and to reduce simultaneously the global pollution is one of the most important challenges within the 21st century. Low-cost, efficient as well as environmentally friendly energy storage media are essential to meet these requirements. Among these lithium-ion batteries represent one of the most promising candidates.
The electrochemistry of electrodes for lithium-ion batteries is influenced by the electrochemically active material, electrochemically inactive materials as well as by the electrode architecture. This work concerns with the structure-property relation of lithium-ion battery electrodes.
The safe and the high-power capable Li4Ti5O12 serves as anode material and the safe, environmentally-friendly and low-cost LiFePO4 acts as cathode material. A good electrical con-tact between the active mass and the current collector is crucial to realize a fast electron transfer between these two components. To influence this transfer the surface of the metallic current collectors was chemically modified. Depending on the different current collectors and on the binder system the interactions between the current collector and the active mass using chemical, electrochemical as well as optical analytical methods are investigated. Furthermore, the structure of the electrodes was intentionally modified by compressing. With the help of electrochemical measurements the ionic and the electrical conductivity of such electrodes as a function of the compression is discussed. In addition the impact of the primary particle size of LiFePO4 on the structure and on the electrochemistry is shown.
Besides these investigations safety concerns of lithium-ion batteries are pointed out. Usually the electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries are based on organic carbonates. However, such electrolytes are easily flammable resulting in a significant hazard potential. To eliminate that source of danger the functionality of the flame resistant ionic liquid N-Methoxyethyl-N-methylmorpholinium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide is evaluated as an alternative electrolyte for lithium ion batteries
Scales in Textiles Conference Brochure. Aalto University Helsinki
ArcInTex Network Conference, 8-10 April 2025, School of Arts, Design and Architecture, Aalto University, Helsinki, FinlandCAPACITIVE FOLDING JACQUARD WEAVE: The series of samples are resulting from the collaboration between the Kyoto Prefectural Institute for Northern Industry and the international Textiles Summer School in Kyoto network initiated and directed by Prof. Julia Cassim. The aim is to explore new product possibilities using the weave, yarn, and process technology of Tango chirimen crêpe, a traditional kimono fabric from Kyoto. The project combines multi-layered self-pleated structure of textiles with the principle of capacitance, sensing the changes in capacitance caused by the expansion and contraction of the pleats to produce a sound as with an accordion. Conceived as a pedagogical tool, the aim was to introduce the students to both Jacquard weave and the notion of capacitance in e-textiles. The design concept pays homage to Issey Miyake’s ‘Pleats, Please!’. This work was developed during Kyoto Textiles Summer School initiated and directed by Prof. Julia Cassim. The concept of the project was advanced by Dr. Tincuta Heinzel and to pay homage to Issey Miyake’s ‘Pleats, Please!’. Tincuta Heinzel is the author of the preliminary drawings and weaving notations, Yukihiro Tokumoto contributed to the final technical files and weaved the prototype, Tomohiro Inoue developed the digital visual and audio interface; Suguru Goto composed the sound samples.WEAVED COIL: The samples reunited here are part of series of research related to the development of textiles-based sensors. The focus was on the construction of a weaved Rogowski coil low-cost sensor which can measure load on a 3 core cable. The modelling and three embroidered prototypes have been presented here: https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1049/stg2.12047. For “Scale in Textiles” exhibition we present the preliminary prototypes and the weaved coil samples, as well as a poster with the technical details and preliminary analysis related to the weaved coil samples. This work is the result of Prof. Dani Strickland’s research on low–cost sensing technology for 3 core cables for smart energy grids to substitute the present-day more expensive Rogowski –coil technology. The electronic circuit was designed by Prof. Dani Strickland. The weaved coils prototypes were developed by Dr. Tincuta Heinzel and Cosmina Maria Anghel. The embroidered prototypes were developed by Bee King. Dr. Mina Abedi Varnosfaderani ran the measuring of the developed sensors. Alana Zeidler (Leeds University, UK) and Dr. Rob Seager (Loughborough University, UK) contributed to the modelling of the developed sensor.© the editors, shared with permissions</p
O zagrebačkom gospodarstveniku Vjekoslavu Heinzelu (1871. – 1934.)
Born in Zagreb, V. Heinzel was linked to this city during his entire life. For eighteen years he worked as an architect, ten years as President of the Chamber of Commerce and Enterprises, and eight years as mayor. In each of these services, Heinzel accomplished significant results.
The author discusses Heinzel's last two services during which Zagreb developed Industries and became a modern Mid-European city. Under his leadership, the preconditions for the construction of Zvonimirova and Martićeva streets were created, constructed a new fair-ground in the street that now bears his name, ordered that the industrial zone should be in the Žitnjak region, and built a temporary system of dams along Sava river. Heinzel was also responsible for eliminating taxes for ten years, which spurred the housing industry. In short, Heinzel made Zagreb into a modern Croatian metropolis.Vjekoslav Heinzel istaknuta je ličnost Zagreba, grada koji ove godine slavi svoju 900. obljetnicu. No ova je godina i 60. godišnjica Heinzelove smrti, a u isto vrijeme i prva mogućnost da se o Heinzelu kaže istina i da se ukaže na njegovu veličinu kao tvorca modernog Zagreba i vrlo uspješnog djelatnika pri procesu uključivanja Zagreba i Hrvatske u srednju Europu
Multimodale funktionelle Bildgebung von (Dys)funktionen des präfrontalen Kortex: EEG, fNIRS, fNIRS-fMRT und Imaging Genetics Ansätze
The present cumulative dissertation comprises three neuroimaging studies using different techniques, functional tasks and experimental variables of diverse nature to investigate human prefrontal cortex (PFC) (dys)function as well as methodological aspects of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). (1) Both dopamine (DA) availability (“inverted U-model”) and excitatory versus inhibitory DA receptor stimulation (“dual-state theory”) have been linked to PFC processing and cognitive control function. Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded during a Go/NoGo response inhibition task in 114 healthy controls and 181 adult patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). As a neural measure of prefrontal cognitive response control the anteriorization of the P300 centroid in NoGo- relative to Go-trials (NoGo anteriorization, NGA) was investigated for the impact of genetic polymorphisms modulating catechol-O-methyltransferase efficiency (COMT, Val158Met) in degrading prefrontal DA and inhibitory DA receptor D4 sensitivity (DRD4, 48bp VNTR). Single genes and ADHD diagnosis showed no significant impact on the NGA or behavioral measures. However, a significant COMT×DRD4 interaction was revealed as subjects with relatively increased D4-receptor function (DRD4: no 7R-alleles) displayed an “inverted U”-relationship between the NGA and increasing COMT-dependent DA levels, whereas subjects with decreased D4-sensitivity (7R) showed a U-relationship. This interaction was supported by 7R-allele dose-effects and also reflected by an impact on task behavior, i.e. intraindividual reaction time variability. Combining previous theories of PFC DA function, neural stability at intermediate DA levels may be accompanied by the risk of overly decreased neural flexibility if inhibitory DA receptor function is additionally decreased. The findings of COMT×DRD4 epistasis might help to disentangle the genetic basis of dopaminergic mechanisms underlying prefrontal (dys)function. (2) While progressive neurocognitive impairments are associated with aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD), cortical reorganization might delay difficulties in effortful word retrieval, which is one of the earliest cognitive signs of AD. Therefore, cortical hemodynamic responses were measured with fNIRS during phonological and semantic verbal fluency, and investigated in 325 non-demented, healthy subjects (age: 51-82 years). The predictive value of age, sex, verbal fluency performance and years of education for the cortical hemodynamics was assessed using multiple regression analyses. Age predicted bilaterally reduced inferior frontal junction (IFJ) and increased middle frontal and supramarginal gyri activity in both task conditions. Years of education as well as sex (IFJ activation in females > males) partly predicted opposite effects on activation compared to age, while task performance was not a significant predictor. All predictors showed small effect sizes (-.24 < β < .22). Middle frontal and supramarginal gyri activity may compensate for an aging-related decrease in IFJ recruitment during verbal fluency. The findings of aging-related (compensatory) cortical reorganization of verbal fluency processing might, in combination with other (risk) factors and using longitudinal observations, help to identify neurodegenerative processes of Alzheimer's disease, while individuals are still cognitively healthy. (3) Individual anatomical or systemic physiological sources of variance may hamper the interpretation of fNIRS signals as neural correlates of cortical functions and their association with individual personality traits. Using simultaneous fNIRS and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of hemodynamic responses elicited by an intertemporal choice task in 20 healthy subjects, variability in crossmodal correlations and divergence in associations of the activation with trait "sensitivity to reward" (SR) was investigated. Moreover, an impact of interindividual anatomy and scalp fMRI signal fluctuations on fNIRS signals and activation-trait associations was studied. Both methods consistently detected activation within right inferior/middle frontal gyrus, while fNIRS-fMRI correlations showed wide variability between subjects. Up to 41% of fNIRS channel activation variance was explained by gray matter volume (simulated to be) traversed by near-infrared light, and up to 20% by scalp-cortex distance. Extracranial fMRI and fNIRS time series showed significant temporal correlations at the temple. Trait SR was negatively correlated with fMRI but not fNIRS activation elicited by immediate rewards of choice within right inferior/middle frontal gyrus. Higher trait SR increased the correlation between extracranial fMRI signal fluctuations and fNIRS signals, suggesting that task-evoked systemic arousal-effects might be trait-dependent. Task-related fNIRS signals might be impacted by regionally and individually weighted sources of anatomical and systemic physiological error variance. Traitactivation correlations might be affected or biased by systemic physiological arousal-effects, which should be accounted for in future fNIRS studies of interindividual differences.Die vorliegende kumulative Dissertation umfasst drei funktionelle Bildgebungsstudien, welche mit unterschiedlichen methodischen Verfahren, Versuchsaufgaben und experimentellen Variablen Hirnfunktionen des präfrontalen Kortex sowie methodische Aspekte der funktionellen Nahinfrarotspektroskopie (fNIRS) untersuchten. (1) Sowohl die präfrontale Dopamin (DA)-Verfügbarkeit (“inverted U-model”) als auch das Verhältnis der Stimulation von exzitatorischen und inhibitorischen DA- Rezeptoren (“dual-state theory”) wurde mit präfrontaler Verarbeitung und Funktionen wie kognitiver Kontrolle in Verbindung gebracht. Während der Bearbeitung einer Aufgabe zur motorischen Antworthemmung wurden die elektrischen Hirnsignale mittels Elektroenzephalographie (EEG) bei 114 gesunden Probanden und 181 adulten Patienten mit Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung abgeleitet. Als neuronales Maß der präfrontalen kognitiven Antwortkontrolle wurde die Anteriorisierung der P300-Zentroide während NoGo- relativ zu Go-Aufgabenbedingungen verwendet (NoGo-Anteriorisierung, NGA). Die NGA wurde hinsichtlich eines Einflusses von genetischen Polymorphismen untersucht, welche den DA Abbau durch die Katechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT, Val158Met) bzw. die DA D4-Rezeptorsensitivität (DRD4, 48 bp VNTR) modulieren. Während die NGA weder Gen-Haupteffekte noch Unterschiede zwischen Gesunden und Patienten zeigte, war eine signifikante epistatische COMT×DRD4 Interaktion zu beobachten. Personen mit relativ gesteigerter D4-Rezeptorsensitivität (kein 7R-Allel) zeigten einen umgekehrten U-Zusammenhang zwischen der NGA und steigender COMT-abhängiger DA-Verfügbarkeit, wohingegen Personen mit relativ verringerter D4-Rezeptorsensitivität (7R-Allel) einen U-Zusammenhang zeigten. Diese Gen-Gen Interaktion zeigte DRD4 7R-Alleldosis-Effekte und spiegelte sich auch behavioral in der intraindividuellen Go-Reaktionszeitvariabilität wider. Neuronale Stabilität bei mittlerer DA-Verfügbarkeit könnte mit einem erhöhen Risiko verringerter Flexibilität einhergehen, wenn zusätzlich die inhibitorische DA D4-Rezeptorfunktion eingeschränkt ist. Über die gezeigte Interaktion genetischer Einflussvariablen vereinigen die Ergebnisse bestehende Theorien zur DA-Verfügbarkeit bzw. dem Verhältnis DA-abhängiger neuronaler Erregung und Hemmung mit Einfluss auf präfrontale kognitive Kontrolle. (2) Alterungsprozesse und die Alzheimer-Demenz sind mit Beeinträchtigungen neurokognitiver Funktionen verbunden, wobei eine verringerte Wortflüssigkeit zu den frühesten Symptomen der Alzheimer-Demenz gehört. Kompensatorische Prozesse, welche diesen Symptomen (zunächst) entgegenwirken, können sich in einer Reorganisation kortikaler Verarbeitung zeigen. Zur Untersuchung dieser Prozesse wurden kortikale hämodynamische Antworten während der phonologischen und semantischen Wortflüssigkeit wurden bei 325 nicht-dementen gesunden Personen (Alter: 51-82 Jahre) mittels fNIRS untersucht. Der prädiktive Wert von Alter, Geschlecht, Wortflüssigkeitsleistung und der Ausbildungsjahre der Versuchspersonen bezüglicher der kortikalen hämodynamischen Antworten wurde mittels multipler Regression untersucht. Das Alter war ein signifikanter Prädiktor reduzierter bilateraler Aktivität im Übergangsbereich vom inferior frontalen Gyrus zum temporalen Pol (IFT) und gesteigerter bilateraler Aktivität im mittleren frontalen und supramarginalen Gyrus. Die Ausbildungsjahre und das Geschlecht (IFT-Aktivität bei Frauen höher als bei Männern) zeigten teilweise dem Alter entgegengesetzte Effekte, während die Wortflüssigkeitsleistung keinen signifikanten Einfluss hatte. Alle Prädiktoren zeigten nur kleine Effektstärken (-.24 < β < .22). Die gesteigerte Aktivität im mittleren frontalen und supramarginalen Gyrus könnte einen Kompensationsprozess für gesenkte IFT Aktivität mit steigendem Altern darstellen. Diese Belege einer (kompensatorischen) kortikalen Reorganisation der Verarbeitung von Wortflüssigkeit könnten, in Kombination mit weiteren (Risiko-)Faktoren und im Rahmen longitudinaler Untersuchungen, dazu beitragen neurodegenerative Prozesse einer Alzheimer-Demenz zu erkennen, bevor erste kognitive Symptome erkennbar sind. (3) Einflüsse individueller Anatomie und systemischer physiologischer Artefakte können die Validität der Interpretation von fNIRS Signalen als Korrelate kortikaler Hirnaktivität und Korrelationen dieser Aktivität mit individuellen (Persönlichkeits-)Maßen einschränken. Zur Untersuchung dieser Problematik wurde eine simultane Messung hämodynamischer Antworten mit fNIRS und funktioneller Magnetresonanztomographie (fMRT) bei 20 gesunden Versuchspersonen durchgeführt, während eine Entscheidungsaufgabe zwischen Geldbeträgen unterschiedlicher Höhe und Aushändigungszeitpunkte durchgeführt wurde. Beide Methoden zeigten konsistente Aktivierung im rechten inferioren/mittleren frontalen Gyrus. Korrelationen der fNIRS mit den fMRT Zeitreihen zeigten jedoch eine hohe Variabilität zwischen den Versuchspersonen. Bis zu 41% der Varianz der fNIRS-Aktivität wurde durch das simulierte individuelle Volumen der von fNIRS erfassten grauen Hirnsubstanz eines Messkanals, und bis zu 20% durch den Abstand zwischen Kopfoberfläche und Kortex, aufgeklärt. Die fMRT-Zeitreihen in der Haut zeigten zudem signifikante Korrelationen mit dem fNIRS-Signal in der Schläfenregion. Während fMRT eine signifikante negative Korrelation der inferioren/mittleren frontalen Gyrus-Aktivität mit dem Persönlichkeitsmerkmal "Belohnungssensitivität" zeigte, war die Korrelation bei fNIRS nicht signifikant. Eine erhöhte Belohnungssensitivität erhöhte zudem die Korrelation zwischen fNIRS und fMRT in der Haut, welches auf eine durch Erregung erhöhte systemisch-physiologische Reaktion in Abhängigkeit des Persönlichkeitsmerkales hindeuten könnte. Die mit fNIRS aufgezeichneten hämodynamischen Antworten unterliegen regionaler und individuell-gewichteter anatomischer und systemisch-physiologischer Fehlervarianz und zukünftige fNIRS-Studien zu interindividuellen Unterschieden sollten diesen Umstand berücksichtigen
Different receptors mediate the hepatic catabolism of tissue-type plasminogen activator and urokinase.
Source type: Electronic(1
Nonlinear pharmacokinetics of tissue-type plasminogen activator in three animal species and isolated perfused rat liver.
Source type: Electronic(1
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