1,721,084 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Metastability and nucleation in the dilute fluid phase of a simple model of globular proteins
No full textThe dilute fluid phase of model globular proteins is studied. The model possesses a fluid-fluid transition buried within the fluid-crystal coexistence region, as do some globular proteins. If this fluid-fluid transition is not buried deep inside the fluid-crystal coexistence region the crystalline phase does not nucleate within the dilute fluid. We link this lack of nucleation of the crystal to the interactions in our model and speculate that similar interactions between globular proteins are responsible for the difficulty found in crystallising many globular proteins
Solution stability, neutral evolution and variability in a simple model of globular proteins
No full textIt is well known among molecular biologists that proteins with a common ancestor and that perform the same function in similar organisms, can have rather different amino-acid sequences. Mutations have altered the amino-acid sequences without affecting the function. A simple model of a protein in which the interactions are encoded by sequences of bits is introduced, and used to study how mutations can change these bits, and hence the interactions, while maintaining the stability of the protein solution. This stability is a simple minimal requirement on our model proteins which mimics part of the requirement on a real protein to be functional. The properties of our model protein, such as its second virial coefficient, are found to vary significantly from one model protein to another. It is suggested that this may also be the case for real proteins in vivo.</p
Computer simulation of soft matter at the growth front of a hard-matter phase: Incorporation of polymers, formation of transient pits and growth arrest
No full textBiominerals are typically composites of hard matter such as calcite, and soft matter such as proteins. There is currently considerable interest in how the soft matter component is incorporated into the hard matter component. This would typically be a protein that does not fold up into a single rigid domain but is closer to a simple polymer, being incorporated into a growing inorganic crystal in aqueous solution. Here I use computer simulation to study a very simple (2D lattice gas) model of a growing phase and a polymer. This allows me to study the microscopic dynamics of incorporation or rejection of a single polymer by the growing phase. It also allows me to look at how high concentrations of absorbing polymer can both arrest crystal growth, and change the shape of crystals. I find that the incorporation of a single polymer into the growing phase is due to slow dynamics of the polymer at the growth front. These slow dynamics are then unable to keep up with the advancing growth front. This is an intrinsically far-from-equilibrium process and so occurs even when incorporation is thermodynamically highly unfavourable. During the incorporation process, large polymers create large and deep, but transient, pits in the growth front. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012
Molecular dynamics of a dense fluid of polydisperse hard spheres
No full textSlow dynamics in a fluid are studied in one of the most basic systems possible: polydisperse hard spheres. Monodisperse hard spheres cannot be studied as the slow down in dynamics as the density is increased is preempted by crystallisation. As the dynamics slow they become more heterogeneous, the spread in the distances traveled by different particles in the same time increases. However, the dynamics appears to be less heterogeneous than in hard-sphere-like colloids at the same volume fraction. The particles which move least far in a characteristic relaxation time and, particularly, the particles which move farthest in the same time are clustered, not randomly distributed throughout the sample. We study the dynamics at three different widths of the distribution of diameters of the hard spheres. For each width, the relaxation time is the same function of the compressibility factor, suggesting that this determines the relaxation time for hard spheres
Homogeneous nucleation of a non-critical phase near a continuous phase transition
Get PDFHomogeneous nucleation of a new phase near a second, continuous, transition, is considered. The continuous transition is in the metastable region associated with the first-order phase transition, one of whose coexisting phases is nucleating. Mean-field calculations show that as the continuous transition is approached, the size of the nucleus varies as the response function of the order parameter of the continuous transition. This response function diverges at the continuous transition, as does the temperature derivative of the free energy barrier to nucleation. This rapid drop of the barrier as the continuous transition is approached means that the continuous transition acts to reduce the barrier to nucleation at the first-order transition. This may be useful in the crystallisation of globular proteins
Scaling theory for the free-energy barrier to homogeneous nucleation of a non-critical phase near a critical point
Get PDFHomogeneous nucleation of a new phase near an Ising-like critical point of another phase transition is studied. A scaling analysis shows that the free energy barrier to nucleation contains a singular term with the same scaling as the order parameter associated with the critical point. The total magnetisation of the nucleus scales as the response function and so it diverges. Vapour-liquid critical points are in the Ising universality class and so our results imply that near such a critical point the number of molecules in a nucleus of a another phase, such as a crystalline phase, diverges as the isothermal compressibility. The case where symmetry prevents coupling between the nucleus and the order parameter is also considered
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