1,720,993 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
SEARCHING FOR NEW GUT FRIENDS: IN VITRO CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PROBIOTIC PROPERTIES OF HUMAN COLONIC ISOLATED ESCHERICHIA COLI.
No full textIntroduction. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract (GI), and include ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) both characterized by an altered mucosa structure, systemic biochemical disorders due to intestinal altered permeability and extended modification of the gut microbial composition. Patients present reduced microbial diversity often in combination with a lower abundance of obligate anaerobic bacteria and an expansion of facultative anaerobic bacteria, particularly from the Proteobacteria phylum. Indeed, stable colonization by Escherichia coli pathotypes (e.g. Adherent Invasive E. coli (AIEC) or E. coli belonging to the B2 phylogroup) is frequently observed in patients suffering from IBDs. Then, the replacement of E. coli pathotypes with commensal strains is considered a valuable approach for the treatment of IBDs. Specific formulations of probiotics were shown to be effective if administrated in conjunction with standard therapies in patients suffering from IBDs and one of the most used probiotic is the E. coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN). Although EcN possesses all the characteristics to be the ideal probiotic, the results in terms of contributing to/maintaining the remission of inflammatory diseases as well as preventing the relapse of the diseases are extremely variable affecting its efficacious applications. Hence, this project aimed at selecting several heterogeneous E. coli isolates collected from the colonic mucosa of healthy subjects to develop a new probiotic product enriched in commensal strains beneficial for IBD patients. Materials and Methods. From our previously described E. coli collection, genotypically different isolates sharing common phenotypic features were assayed for their probiotic properties including fitness-associated factors, such as (i) metabolic requirements (competitive capability to metabolize simple sugars and dietary proteins in comparison to different E. coli pathotypes), (ii) production of microcins and colicines and (iii) evaluation of competitive planktonic and sessile growth against selected E. coli pathotypes. EcN was used as control. Results. Commensal E. coli isolates can be classified as faster or slower growing depending on the sugar metabolized in comparison to EcN. As EcN, 4 isolates were able to produce and release thermolabile molecules showing inhibitory activity against different E. coli pathotypes. Competitive planktonic and sessile growth indicated the capability of commensal E. coli isolates to restrict E. coli pathotypes growth. Conclusions. Our in vitro characterization demonstrates that intra-species competition represents an efficient strategy to reduce the burden of E. coli pathotypes. This feature could help the development of new E. coli-based probiotic formulations whose efficacy should be tested to improve the quality of life of patients suffering from IBDs
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Exploring pathogenicity and tumorigenic potential of the nematode Anisakis using human intestinal organoids and extracellular vesicles
No full textAnisakiasis is an extremely underestimated accidental zoonosis both epidemiologically and medically. Its chronic form can potentially lead to erosive ulcers, granuloma formation and chronic inflammation at the human gastro-intestinal tract; features potentially involved in the onset of a carcinogenic microenvironment. In this regard, case reports of gastric or intestinal tumors in co-occurrence with anisakiasis are increasing from endemic countries. Giving that, investigations on tumorigenic potential of anisakiasis and its zoonotic agent Anisakis need to be exploited. Our work centers on the study of Anisakis-human interactions through a comparative transcriptomic approach using: i) the human intestinal organoids (HIO), a bi or three-dimensional cutting-edge model capable of self-organization, self-renewal, and exhibiting the architecture and functionality of the organ of origin, in this case the intestine; and ii) a newly discovered Anisakis messenger of pathogenicity, the extracellular vesiscles (EVs). EVs are nano-scale particles of 100-1000 nm involved in cell-cell and inter-species communication, having a new role in host-pathogen interface. EVs content is characterized by key elements such as lipids, nucleic acids, proteins and miRNAs, which are able to affect pivotal host pathways, being involved in a complex regulatory network and modulating host’s genes expression. Analysis of data revealed top 100 abundant transcripts in the HIO and 7 differentially expressed genes in HIO treated with Anisakis EVs, among them, transcripts showing potential link to cancer processes have been detected. In particular, a downregulation of EPHB2 and a upregulation of NUPR1 emerged and, interestingly, these alterations have been associated to colorectal cancer. In addition, qRT-PCR carried out on inflammatory products (Il33, Il8, Il1β) showed a decreasing trend in Il33 gene expression, an increasing trend in Il1β and no alteration in Il8, a dynamic that were previous described as involved in helminth infection chronicity. This project represent the first attempt aimed to investigate Anisakis tumorigenic potential using HIO and EVs, revealing interesting outcomes that we hope will open new ways for the study of anisakiasis and its potential consequences in humans, a field to be explored
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
