653 research outputs found
Governments, Civilians, and the Evolution of Insurgency: Modeling the Early Dynamics of Insurgencies
No full textThis paper models the early dynamics of insurgency using an agent-based computer simulation of civilians, insurgents, and soldiers. In the simulation, insurgents choose to attack government forces, which then strike back. Such government counterattacks may result in the capture or killing of insurgents, may make nearby civilians afraid to become insurgents, but may also increase the anger of surrounding civilians if there is significant collateral damage. If civilians become angry enough, they become new insurgents. I simulate the dynamics of these interactions, focusing on the effectiveness of government forces at capturing insurgents vs. their accuracy in avoiding collateral damage. The simulations suggest that accuracy (avoidance of collateral damage) is more important for the long-term defeat of insurgency than is effectiveness at capturing insurgents in any given counterattack. There also may be a critical 'tipping point' for accuracy below which the length of insurgencies increases dramatically. The dynamics of how insurgencies grow or decline in response to various combinations of government accuracy and effectiveness illustrate the tradeoffs faced by governments in dealing with the early stages of an insurgency.Agent Based Models, Insurgency, Dynamics, Civil War
Nondestructive strain depth profiling with high energy X-ray diffraction: System capabilities and limitations
No full textLimited by photon energy, and penetration capability, traditional X-ray diffraction (XRD) strain measurements are only capable of achieving a few microns depth due to the use of copper (Cu Kα1) or molybdenum (Mo Kα1) characteristic radiation. For deeper strain depth profiling, destructive methods are commonly necessary to access layers of interest by removing material. To investigate deeper depth profiles nondestructively, a laboratory bench-top high-energy X-ray diffraction (HEXRD) system was previously developed. This HEXRD method uses an industrial 320 kVp X-Ray tube and the Kα1 characteristic peak of tungsten, to produces a higher intensity X-ray beam which enables depth profiling measurement of lattice strain. An aluminum sample was investigated with deformation/load provided using a bending rig. It was shown that the HEXRD method is capable of strain depth profiling to 2.5 mm. The method was validated using an aluminum sample where both the HEXRD method and the traditional X-ray diffraction method gave data compared with that obtained using destructive etching layer removal, performed by a commercial provider. The results demonstrate comparable accuracy up to 0.8 mm depth. Nevertheless, higher attenuation capabilities in heavier metals limit the applications in other materials. Simulations predict that HEXRD works for steel and nickel in material up to 200 µm, but experiment results indicate that the HEXRD strain profile is not practical for steel and nickel material, and the measured diffraction signals are undetectable when compared to the noise.This proceeding may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. This proceeding appeared in Zhang, Zhan, Scott Wendt, Nicholas Cosentino, and Leonard J. Bond. "Nondestructive strain depth profiling with high energy X-ray diffraction: System capabilities and limitations." AIP Conference Proceedings 1949, no. 1 (2018): 190001. DOI: 10.1063/1.5031635. Posted with permission.</p
The Anosov relation for the Nielsen numbers of maps of infra-nilmanifolds.
No full textIn 1985 toonde D. Anosov aan dat voor elke continue afbeelding&nbs p;f:M->M op een nilvariëteit M geldt dat N(f)=|L(f)| . Het Nielsen getal N(f) en het Lefschetz getal L(f) zijn twee aan f geassocieerde getallen die informatie geven over h et aantal vaste punten van f (i.e. x in M: f(x)=x) . Als voor een gegeven f geldt dat deze twee getallen op teken na gelijk zijn, dan zeggen we dat f voldoet aan de Ano sov relatie. In mijn thesis heb ik dit resultaat op twee manieren veralgemeend. Een eerste, voor de hand liggend, manier is om aan te tonen dat d it resultaat ook geldt voor andere klassen van variëteiten. Ik heb dit g edaan voor drie klassen van infra-nilvariëteiten en deze klassen zijn al len gedefinieerd op basis van de geassocieerde holonomiegroep. Ten eerst e toonde ik aan dat elke continue afbeelding van een infra-nilvariëteit met holonomiegroep van oneven orde aan de Anosov relatie voldoet. Hetzel fde resultaat is geldig als we werken met platte, oriënteerbare, veralge meende Hantzsche-Wendt variëteiten. Tot slot toonde ik aan dat de Anosov relatie ook geldt voor continue afbee ldingen op infra-nilvariëteiten met cyclische holonomiegroep, mits een specifieke voorwaarde op de generator van de holono miegroep voldaan is. Een tweede manier om het resultaat van Anosov te veralgemenen, is werken met klassen van afbeeldingen in plaats van alle continue afbeeldingen o p een gegeven variëteit te beschouwen. Deze aanpak gebruikte ik om de An osov diffeomorfismen op infra-nilvariëteiten te onderzoeken en ik stelde vast dat deze eigenschap weinig invloed heeft op de geldigheid va n de Anosov relatie. Echter, voor nergens expanderende afbeeldingen op i nfra-nilvariëteiten toonde ik aan dat de Anosov relatie altijd voldaan i s. Tot slot voor expanderende afbeeldingen f op infra-nilvari ëteiten M leidde ik het volgende: f vold oet aan de Anosov relatie als en slechts als M oriënteer baar is. In een laatste deel onderzocht ik wat deze resultaten ons zeggen met bet rekking tot de Anosov relatie voor afbeeldingen op infra-nilvariëteiten met als dimensie hoogstens 4. Zo toonde ik aan dat reeds veel infra-nilv ariëteiten behandeld worden door onze resultaten en ontdekte ik enkele o nderzoeksvragen voor de toekomst.
Conductors of the Cape Town Municipal Orchestra, 1914-1965 a historical perspective
No full textIncludes abstract.Includes bibliographical references and index.This thesis profiles the conductors of the Cape Municipal Orchestra since its inception in 1914 until the resignation of David Tidboald in 1965. After the introductory Chapter 1, Chapter 2 includes a historic review of the period before 1914. It also highlights the influences leading towards the inauguration of the Cape Municipal Orchestra. Chapters 3-7 discuss the permanent conductors who conducted between 1914 and 1954. The following list extends from the dates of their first concerts up to their resignations, or up to the date of their final concerts: Theo Wendt (from 28 February 1914 to 30 September 1924: a period of about 10 years). Leslie Heward (from 17 July 1924 to 31 May 1926: a period of about 2 years). William Pickerill (from 5 May 1927 to 12 October 1946: a period of about 19 years). Geoffrey Miller as Associate Conductor (from 31 October 1946 to 19 February1948: a period of nearly two years). Enrique Jordá (from 19 February 1948 to 31 December 1953: a period of nearly five years). Assistant and guest conductors are discussed within these chapters. Chapter 8 discusses guest conductors from January 1954 until June 1960. Here they are organised chronologically accordingto their first appearances. Chapter 9 deals with the period of David Tidboald's conductorship (from 20 August 1960 to1 July 1965). The concluding remarks of Chapter 10 briefly touch on such aspects as the number of premieres, recurrence of works mentioned in this thesis, and the guest conducting system
Espaços de mediação na obra de Albert Wendt
No full textAlbert Wendt is one of the most important authors in the Pacific region and has
been giving voice to many of those who had not had, until recently, the opportunity
of sharing their experiences and world vision, to do so.
The concept of diaspora along with hybridity will be approached as two of the most
important that are tested and explored by this author. Thus, a brief theorical
approach of these issues is introduced and then a practical approach to them is
made by means of an examination of the works Sons for the Return Home, Pouliuli
and Leaves of the Banyan Tree.Albert Wendt é um dos mais importantes autores do Pacífico e tem vindo a dar
a voz a todos aqueles que, até agora, não tinham tido a oportunidade de
partilhar as suas experiências e visão do mundo.
Os conceitos de diaspora e hibridismo serão abordados como dois dos mais
importantes que são testados e explorados na obra deste autor. Para tal, é
feita uma breve apresentação teórica destes conceitos seguida de uma
abordagem contextualizada dos mesmos nas obras Sons for the Return Home,
Pouliuli e Leaves of the Banyan Tree.Mestrado em Línguas, Literaturas e Cultura
Genius, Instrumental Music, and “Great Mistakes”: Amadeus Wendt and Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony
No full textThe author attributes the anonymous 1826 Berliner allegemeine musikalische Zeitung (BamZ) review of the Leipzig performances of Beethoven’s Ninth, which suggests removal of the choral finale and inspires A.B. Marx to a passionate defense, to the critic Amadeus Wendt. The career of Wendt as a philosophy professor is firmly established, as is his criticism for the BamZ, Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung (AmZ), Cäcilia, Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung mit besonderer Rucksicht auf den österreichischen Kaiserstaat (WamZ), and other journals. Wendt’s Hoffmannesque opinions of instrumental music are contextualized via his extensive criticism of opera and vocal music, highlighting themes such as inappropriate virtuosity, (im)proper text-setting, and instruments’ tendency to overpower voices. His Beethoven criticism is also briefly examined with reference to his aesthetics, including Kantian ideas on mannerism. While specific verbiage and viewpoints are highlighted as Wendtian in the 1826 review, the attribution of the review (eventually signed Das musikalische Correspondent aus Leipzig) also rests on the very strong likelihood that Wendt is that musical correspondent from Leipzig, based on tracing references in other signed work for the journal. As the critic was a well-known writer on aesthetics, the attribution helps elevate his side of the debate with Marx on the validity of the choral finale for the Ninth––a position which foresaw the crushing burden of the originality imperative and the identity crisis for symphonic music that acceptance of the Ninth would bring
A project in the direction of The Arkansaw bear by Aurand Harris
No full textThe Arkansaw Bear, a children's play by Aurand Harris, was first performed on March 20-29, 1980, by The University of Texas at Austin. On October 23-25, 1981, the play was produced at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in Blacksburg, Virginia under the direction of Marie Wendt Zirkenbach.
The author describes this production with a script analysis and a narrative of how the production evolved. A diary on the actual directing process used, an annotated prompt script, evaluation, production photos, production ground plans, and various relevant materials are included. The thesis also contains a narrative on how production choices were made.Master of Fine Art
Albert Wendt como escritor pós-colonial : simbolismo, intertextualidade e a subversão de valores em Leaves of the Banyan Tree
No full textMestrado em Estudos InglesesO presente trabalho centra-se em algumas obras de Albert Wendt, escritor das ilhas de Samoa, pouquíssimo conhecido no nosso país mas que se aproxima cada vez mais dos horizontes literários Europeus. Como país já muito afamado pelas suas conquistas e descobrimentos, Portugal aproxima-se de todos os povos marcados pelo colonialismo, pelo menos num contexto teórico e comparativo. Albert Wendt esforça-se, através das suas obras, por dar a conhecer ao mundo todas as transformações sociais e culturais do povo de Samoa que vive agora no período pós-colonial. Ao analisar uma selecção das suas obras, pretendo fazer a correspondência entre a ficção e a realidade vivida pelo povo dessas ilhas numa perspectiva da área de estudos do pós-colonialismo. Muito embora abunde teoria relacionada com esta área de estudos, não se encontra ainda informação específica acerca de Albert Wendt em Porutgal. Como escritor contemporâneo que é, Wendt não está ainda academicamente divulgado entre nós, embora, de todos os escritores das micro-nações do Oceano Pacífico, seja o mais respeitado. Na presente dissertação, concentrei-me no seu romance Leaves of the Banyan Tree (1979) fazendo uma análise próxima e, assim espero, exaustiva, e, com uma intenção comparativa, nos seus outros romances Sons for the Return Home (1973), Pouliuli (1980), Black Rainbow (1995), O/a (1995) e nas suas duas colectâneas de contos: Flying Fox in a Freedom Tree (1974), e The Birth and Death of the Miracle Man (1986). Existem muito poucas análises críticas das obras em questão tendo sido necessário uma leitura atenta e pormenorizada das mesmas. Contudo, julgo ter conseguido demonstrar as marcas de pós-colonialismo nestas obras, partindo de uma observação da presença do simbolismo, da intertextualidade e da subversão de valores.The author on whom this dissertation centres, Albert Wendt, comes from the islands of Samoa and, in spite of not being very well known in our country, he is slowly becoming a part of Europe's literary horizon. Portugal's colonial history, in turn, means that there are at least points of theoretical and comparative context with colonised peoples everywhere. Through his works, Albert Wendt strives to divulge the cultural and social changes brought to a postcolonial Samoa. By analysing a selection of his works, I hope to illuminate the postcolonial position of the Samoan people, as represented in Wendt's work. Even though there is no shortage of information related to the general issues at stake in this dissertation, specific knowledge of Wendt is not widely available in Portugal. As a contemporary author, Wendt isn't yet academically extended in Portugal, even though he is the most respected out of all the writers of the Pacific's micro-nations. In this thesis, I have concentrated on a close and, I hope, extensive reading of his novel Leaves of the Banyan Tree (1979) and, for reasons of comparison, on his other novels Sons for the Return Home (1973), Pouliuli (1980), Black Rainbow (1995), Ola (1995) as well as both collections of short stories: Flying Fox in a Freedom Tree (1974) and The Birth and Death of the Miracle Man (1986). It became necessary to focus on a close reading of these works due to the lack of critical studies based on them. Nevertheless, I feel I have succeeded in demonstrating postcolonial features in these writings through the scrutinizing of their symbolism, intertextuality and subversion of traditional values
Voicing the other : female narrators in the fiction of J.M. Coetzee and Albert Wendt
No full textFull text is available to authenticated members of The University of Auckland only.The aim of this thesis is to investigate the use of a female narrative perspective in the fiction of J.M. Coetzee and Albert Wendt. The novels chosen for this purpose are distinctive, within the corpus of their works, in that they are dominated by a female consciousness. In Coetzee and Wendt the deployment of a female narrative perspective is not about defining new language games, nor is it about playing new games with old rules; rather, it is a device to unmask what is understood as ‘reality.’ Their female narrators are used to show how conventional understandings of reality condemn us to see through certain frames, including the ones that constrain the authorial sensibilities of the writers in question. Offering their particular brand of resistance, Coetzee’s self-reflexive fictions seek separation from a personal and cultural heritage moulded by colonialism; while for Wendt, the project of decolonization in the Pacific demands that the indigenous and the local be reinterpreted. At the same time, as male writers trained in the western (academic) tradition, both have inherited a culture of privilege and patriarchy. Their use of a female narrative perspective is thus plagued with contradiction and ambiguity, presenting them with an irresolvable problem of authorship. As a result, the rigid traditions that their female narrators intend to subvert are nevertheless reproduced and reinforced through language, which their fictions explore as an ambivalent medium of expression. These fictions expose the forms of authority made possible through language. This not only adds to the problem of representation for the writer but also presents the reader with the difficulty of interpretation. Yet, the only way freedom may be sought is by calling attention to the linguistic labyrinths of reflecting mirrors, and the perplexing twists and turns that form the pattern of the writers’ aesthetic lives. The recognition of one’s confinement brings with it a kind of freedom paradoxically intertwined with the discovery of boundaries and the possible breaking of barriers. So the desire of these novelists’ to take on a female sensibility primarily communicates an engagement with the limits of their own personal, cultural and gendered experience. Further, for these writers, the deployment of a female perspective relates to larger questions of postcolonialism and the processes of decolonization pertaining to politics, culture and the psychological unfolding of the once colonized sensibility. So, in the selected novels, gender acts as a privileged medium for examining existing hegemonies. Through an interrogation of the compulsions imposed by habit and an implicit failure of imagination, which hinders our understanding of the other, the author, and possibly the reader too, is temporarily freed from his imprisonment within the limits of representation
A common tax base for multinational enterprises in the European Union
No full textCompany taxation is an important element for the establishment and the completion of the Internal Market. Against this background, the European Commission recommends the harmonisation of the tax base in the European Union.
Carsten Wendt analyses the necessity, the concept as well as potential advantages and effects of a common tax base for multinational enterprises in the European Union. He addresses important issues concerning a common tax base, such as the definition of the consolidated group, the technique and scope of consolidation and the formula used to allocate the consolidated tax base among the involved member states. The author provides alternative options to solve these issues and concludes that a common tax base as intended by the European Commission would remedy many of the existing tax obstacles for multinational enterprises in the EU. However, distortions will remain, mainly because member states retain their sovereignty to set their tax rates independently and the territorial scope of a common tax base has to be restricted to group entities located within the EU
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