1,721,548 research outputs found
Citizen participation in news
Full text linkThe process of producing news has changed significantly due to the advent of the Web, which has enabled the increasing involvement of citizens in news production. This trend has been given many names, including participatory journalism, produsage, and crowd-sourced journalism, but these terms are ambiguous and have been applied inconsistently, making comparison of news systems difficult. In particular, it is problematic to distinguish the levels of citizen involvement, and therefore the extent to which news production has genuinely been opened up. In this paper we perform an analysis of 32 online news systems, comparing them in terms of how much power they give to citizens at each stage of the news production process. Our analysis reveals a diverse landscape of news systems and shows that they defy simplistic categorisation, but it also provides the means to compare different approaches in a systematic and meaningful way. We combine this with four case studies of individual stories to explore the ways that news stories can move and evolve across this landscape. Our conclusions are that online news systems are complex and interdependent, and that most do not involve citizens to the extent that the terms used to describe them imply
The challenges of credibility in open news systems
No full textThe news media play a number of important roles in a modern democratic society. However, with the press under increasing pressure to deliver news more quickly and with fewer resources, some readers are turning to non-traditional sources of news. These sources are often open to contribution from ordinary citizens as well as journalists,allowing for a wider range of backgrounds and experiences to be represented. Alternative news sources feature different styles of writing, publishing schedules, and topical focus than traditional providers which can result in people holding different perceptions of these outlets.Due to the position of the news media in society it is important to understand how these perceptions are formed and what motivates people to engage with alternative sources of news. This thesis investigates how credibility relates to levels of openness and explores methods of increasing the credibility of open news systems. I produce a landscape of citizen participation in news and find that traditional news systems do not involve citizens to the extent that the terms used to describe them imply, and that more open systems tend to lack the structure and authority usually associated with news.An experiment is performed which shows that this 'structure and authority' is related to how credible the news source is perceived to be. A graph-based community detection algorithm is then utilised to add some level of editorial control automatically to online news discussions. This algorithm is first validated to confirm that it is able to separate news discussion contributors into meaningful groups. Then an interface is designed to present the results of this algorithm, and a study is conducted to investigate the effects of using content grouping on the credibility assessments and behaviour of news readers.These studies find that though the interface presents a wider range of viewpoints than existing interfaces, presenting news discussions in this way does not result in a change of credibility. However there is some evidence that the changed interface may result in readers being exposed to different topics. This implies that credibility is linked more strongly to the source of the news report than the intrinsic qualities of the report
Third–order nulling effect in Darlington transistors
No full textIn this paper we present the first proof that a Darlington transistor has an inherent nulling effect in its third-order intermodulation distortion, similar to the well known third-order null seen in single BJT amplifiers. It is proven mathematically and by measurement. The results suggest the null actually becomes feasible as a source of distortion reduction in a Darlington BJT amplifier
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Ethics and sustainability in business / for entrepreneurship
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Sustainable Entrepreneurship: Sustainability and the Circular Economy
No full textEntrepreneurial finance, poverty reduction and gender: the case of women entrepreneurs' microloans in Pakistan
No full textAccess to credit for entrepreneurial women is of interest to governments, academics and policymakers worldwide due to its significant socio-economic and poverty-reducing implications. In the context of Pakistan, financial institutions tend to cater for the upper- and middle-classes to the exclusion of the poor in general and low-income women in particular. Whilst poverty is a multifaceted term categorized as financial (income) poverty and human poverty, financial poverty specifically serves as a barrier to the growth of women-owned enterprises which, in turn, gives rise to their exclusion from labour markets and social, educational and health services. Financial exclusion directly correlates with lower levels of empowerment or independence within the household due to a lack of access to health services and basic education. Such inequalities in access to entrepreneurial finance impact upon women disproportionally, as the proposed interventions tend to be through microcredit programmes targeted at low-income women. In this chapter we assess the relationship between microfinance and poverty reduction using a binary logistic model. The findings indicate that microfinance positively reduces financial poverty; however, it contributes much less to human poverty reduction. The chapter concludes with some observations on the experiences of women in accessing finance and on the role and effectiveness of microfinance to aid Pakistani women’s access to finance
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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