1,720,954 research outputs found
ATRX Mutations In IDH1-Mutated Mice Neural Stem Cells
No full textThe WHO altered their diagnostic methods for central nervous system tumors. These diagnostic methods now include both histologic analysis of the tumor cells and determination of genetic mutations present. IDH1-mutations in astrocytoma lead to the production of 2-hydroxyglutarate, which inhibits proteins that are important in cellular metabolism. When the metabolism is abnormal, cells can divide too quickly and form tumors. An accurate mouse model of neural cells with the IDH1 mutations does not yet exist for therapeutic research. We hypothesized that coupling IDH1 mutations with the two other characteristic mutations in astrocytoma—p53 and ATRX—would create a functional dependency and improved model. p53 is known primarily as a tumor suppressor gene that causes cell cycle arrest when there is DNA damage. ATRX mutation is important to development, and mutations can cause either mental retardation or cancer, but its specific function remains unknown. ATRX mutations were inserted into mice neural stem cells, and the cellular functions and rate of division were monitored with ATRX, p53, and IDH1 mutations were combined. Western Blot and Immunofluorescence were used to measure protein levels and efficacy of the induction. ATRX was shown to have a positive effect on the levels of proliferation in IDH1 and p53 mutated cells. This is the first sign of cancerous behavior, and thus suggests that there is a sequence that the mutations arise in astrocytoma. This research can be used to better understand the function of these lesser known mutations and improve the mouse models used for clinical studies
Shinetagantsi: Un caso de la alimentación materna e infantil y medicina intercultural durante lactancia en la comunidad nativa de Palotoa Teparo
No full textCon un enfoque antropológico, esta investigación analiza las percepciones del cuidado desde los sistemas médicos occidentales y la medicina tradicional de las madres de la comunidad nativa de Palotoa Teparo en la Amazonía peruana en lo que respecta a la nutrición durante la lactancia. Los resultados de este estudio, obtenidos a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas y observación directa e indirecta, permiten describir el estado nutricional de las madres de Palotoa Teparo durante la lactancia y su relación con la nutrición infantil, señalar las prácticas de salud, tanto occidental como tradicional, relevantes para el estado nutricional de las madres y los infantes durante la lactancia, comparar las percepciones locales de la atención recibida en entornos occidentales versus tradicionales durante la lactancia, y analizar las percepciones de las recomendaciones de salud del Ministerio de Salud con comportamientos de salud conductuales en Palotoa Teparo respecto al período de lactancia. Los resultados de este estudio revelaron experiencias de discriminación por parte de las madres en Palotoa Teparo en el marco médico occidental, así como percepciones de choques culturales durante el tratamiento. Los resultados también indicaron deficiencias en ciertos macronutrientes (consumo de 48.5% de las calorías diarias recomendadas, 22.7% de hierro y 30.0% de calcio recomendados) dentro de la dieta de las madres lactantes en Palotoa Teparo que deben monitorearse más para asegurar los mejores resultados de salud materna e infantil. En este sentido, se sugiere que se realicen más estudios sobre el contenido nutricional de la leche materna y la instancia de desnutrición dentro de la comunidad nativa de Palotoa Teparo. Para lograr esto, también se debe sentar las bases para la colaboración intercultural entre profesionales médicos occidentales con miembros de la comunidad con conocimiento de medicina tradicional.
Using an anthropological approach, this investigation analyzes the perceptions of care from occidental medical systems and traditional medicine from mothers in the native community of Palotoa Teparo in the Peruvian Amazon as it pertains to nutrition throughout breastfeeding. The results of this study, obtained through semi-structured interviews as well as direct and indirect observation, aim to: describe the nutritional state of mothers in Palotoa Teparo during breast feeding and its connection to infant nutrition, describe healthcare practices in both occidental and traditional forms of medicine relevant to the nutritional state of mothers and infants during lactation, compare local perceptions of care received in occidental versus traditional settings throughout lactation, and analyze the perceptions of health recommendations from the Ministry of Health with health behavior practices in Palotoa Teparo, regarding the period of breastfeeding. The results of this study revealed instances of discrimination experienced by the mothers in Palotoa Teparo in occidental medical setting as well as perceptions of cultural clashes during treatment. The results also indicated certain deficiencies in macronutrients (consumption of 48.5% of daily recommended calories, 22.7% of recommended iron, and 30.0% of recommended calcium) within the diet of lactating mothers in Palotoa Teparo that should be further monitored to ensure the best maternal and child health outcomes. In this regard, I suggest that further studies be conducted on nutritional content of breast milk and the instance of malnutrition within the native community of Palotoa Teparo. To accomplish this, groundwork must also be laid for the multicultural collaboration between occidental medical professionals with community members with knowledge of traditional health practices
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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