2,364 research outputs found
New Models for Data Envelopment Analysis. Measuring Efficiency Outwith the VRS Frontier
Full text linkSome models are presented in this paper which extend the concept of measuring superefficiency to the useful case of variable returns-to-scales (VRS), thus enabling the ranking of efficient as well as inefficient units. Two models, namely the Universal Radial Model and the Universal Additive Model, are presented that also have strong invariance properties (units and translation invariance). For both of these models a method for normalising the efficiency scores on a (0-1+) scale is presented. These models have been implemented in a software package and applied to the ranking of units in an industrial context.Data envelopment analysis (DEA), Superefficiency, Universal models
REVEALING PROCESS-BASED AND WRITERS’ CHOICE OF ACADEMIC ESSAY WRITING IN UNDERGRADUATE EFL LEARNERS
Full text linkThis research are to describe the process-based academic writing plays the role in essay creationin the argumentative essay from EFL learners; to describe the writer’s choice contributing in academic essay writing of EFL in undergraduate by using rhetorical patterns; and to describe the weaknesses and strengths of process-based and writer’s choice role; This research uses the descriptive qualitative. The data sources of this research are argumentative essays from ELTD, sixth semester in undergraduate IAIN SNJ Cirebon. The text was taken from the students who followed GBL lesson in previous semester. The instrument is the researchers theirself. The techniques of collecting data that is used by the researchers are questionnaire, interview transcript, audio recording and document. The result of this research is different with the previous research. In this research, the researcherss shows essay’s writing process in detail, contribution of rhetorical patterns in essay’s creation and how strength and weakness the process also the pattern in essay. To the role of process-based stages here are more than half of efforts in making essay, means certain stages are very useful to the students as the author here. The examples are pre writing, editing and revising, and responding. Then, the patterns help the students as the author to arrange their essay. Both are giving big contribution to communicate the text to the readers. This is such as using marker (Mk 1, Mk 2 and Mk 3) as the signal or bridge among the sentence or the paragraph. However, both of them still have their own to be applied to the EFL learner
Komunikasi Organisasi Pemimpin Dalam Membangun Kineja Aparatur di IAIN Pekalongan Tahun 2019-2020
Full text linkThe purpose of this research is to find out how much influence the leader communication has to the apparaturs in realizing the mission of the institution in IAIN Pekalongan. The method used is a qualitative field with a case study approach. The case study that the author is doing is intrinsic, the research will focus on organizational communication activities carried out by the leader to the apparatus in the IAIN Pekalongan environment. While data collection using sampling with data analysis study is holistic. Holistic analysis is needed by the writer to describe in detail the communications, the context of the communication, and the setting in which the communication takes place. The result of this research is that organizational communication is carried out on the principles of kinship and culture. This concept encourages the realization of harmonious conditions in the staffing environment of IAIN Pekalongan. Cultural principles are realized in the form of Asah, Asih, and Asuh between the leadership and the apparatus under them. These three principles appear in every formal and non-formal activity, including workshops, Trining, FGD, seminars, istighosah, autbond, dies natalis, and others. Meanwhile, the family principle is realized in daily interactions both in the office and outside the office. Organizational communication by the leader to the apparatus in the IAIN Pekalongan environment is able to encourage the realization of the institution's Vision and Mission
EVALUATION OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION LEARNING AT HIDAYATUL MUSTAFIDIN HIGH SCHOOL
Full text linkThis study aims to determine how the evaluation of Islamic Religious Education learning at SMA Hidayatul Mustafidin. The strategy used in implementing the learning evaluation and the results of the evaluation of learning Islamic Islamic Religious Education learning at SMA Hidayatul Mustafidin. In the research process the author uses a qualitative approach. The data collection is done by means of obsevation, interviews, and literature studies. the results of the research in general can be obtained that application of the evaluation of Islamic Religious Education learning at SMA Hidayatuk Mustafidin in addition to written methods such as daily test, midterm assessments, end of semester assessments, also seen the behavior of students so that when students behave less well, guidance will be given. It can be seen from the student activity forum such as tambourine, scouting, and student council activites. The impact obtained by students is expected to be able to behave well. Keywords: Evaluation; Learning; Islamic Education
EPISTEMOLOGI AYAT MUTASHĀBIHĀT: Analisis Kaidah Nafiy pada Surah Āli ‘Imrān Ayat 7
Full text linkThis study aims to analyze the mutashābihāt verse in surah Āli ‘Imrān verse 7 through the perspective of Nafiy (negation) rules in order to understand its epistemological implications. Mutashābihāt verses, which contain implied meanings and multi-interpretations, often result in challenges to the interpretation of the holy verses of the Qur'ān. In Surah Āli ‘Imrān verse 7, Allah Swt. confirms the existence of clear verses (muḥkamāt) and vague verses (mutashābihāt), and states that Allah is the only one who knows the true meaning of the mutashābihāt verses. Using the rule of Nafiy, this study seeks to describe how the rejection or negation of certain meanings helps in understanding and interpreting mutashābihāt verses. This approach also examines how the method affects the formation of knowledge and understanding in the context of Islamic scholarship. The analysis shows that the Nafiy rule plays a significant role in maintaining the integrity and consistency of interpretation, as well as in guiding Muslims towards a deeper and more accurate understanding of divine revelation. The author hopes that this research can make a meaningful contribution to the study of Qur'anic interpretation and Islamic epistemology. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ayat mutashābihāt melalui perspektif kaidah Nafiy (negasi) yang tercamtum dalam Q.S Āli ‘Imrān ayat 7 guna memahami implikasi epistemologisnya. Ayat mutashābihāt, yang mengandung makna tersirat dan multiinterpretasi, sering kali mengakibatkan tantangan terhadap penafsiran ayat-ayat suci Al-Qur’an. Dalam Q.S Āli ‘Imrān ayat 7, Allah SWT menegaskan adanya ayat-ayat yang jelas (muḥkamāt) dan ayat-ayat yang samar (mutashābihāt), serta menyatakan bahwa hanya Allah satu-satunya yang memahami makna yang sebenarnya dari ayat-ayat mutashābihāt tersebut. Dengan menggunakan kaidah Nafiy, penelitian ini berusaha menguraikan bagaimana penolakan atau negasi terhadap makna-makna tertentu membantu dalam memahami dan menafsirkan ayat-ayat mutashābihāt. Pendekatan ini juga mengkaji bagaimana metode tersebut mempengaruhi pembentukan pengetahuan dan pemahaman dalam konteks keilmuan Islam. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kaidah Nafiy berperan signifikan dalam menjaga integritas dan konsistensi penafsiran, serta dalam membimbing umat Muslim menuju pemahaman yang lebih mendalam dan akurat terhadap wahyu Ilahi.
Solving the conundrum between military training, prevention and compliance in international humanitarian law
Full text linkPart IV of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 16th December 1966 (UN Doc A/6316, 999 UNTS 171)
Full text linkThis note concerns Part IV of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (‘Part IV’) (1966), opened for signature by the United Nations (UN) General Assembly (GA) on 16 December 1966 and entered into force on 23 March 1976. Core Issues
1. Monitoring compliance with human rights obligations.
2. The non-binding character of the Human Rights Committee reports and general comments
Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 16th December 1966 (999 UNTS 171)
Full text linkThe act under review is the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Core Issues
1. The admissibility requirements for individual complaints according to the Protocol
2. Whether the Human rights committee can be considered as a ‘judicial’ or ‘quasi-judicial’ body
3. Whether the views adopted by the Committee are binding or non-bindin
Financial Action Task Force Mandate (2012-2020), 20th April 2012
Full text linkCore issues: 1. Whether the structure and functions of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) resemble that of an international organization
2. What the significance is of the non-binding nature of a mandat
General Comment No. 24: Issues Relating to Reservations Made upon Ratification or Accession to the Covenant or the Optional Protocols thereto, or in Relation to Declarations under Article 41 of the Covenant, 4th November 1994 (UN Doc CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.6)
No full textThis headnote focuses on General Comment No. 24: Issues Relating to Reservations Made upon Ratification or Accession to the Covenant or the Optional Protocols thereto, or in Relation to Declarations under Article 41 of the Covenant (‘General Comment’) issued on 11 November 1994 by the United Nations (UN) Human Rights Committee (HRC), a UN treaty-body established by the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (‘Covenant’) (1966). Core Issues
1. The role of the Human Rights Committee in determining whether a reservation is compatible with the object and purpose of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
2. The severability approach
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