112,001 research outputs found
Origin and evolution of the Italian subterranean termite Reticulitermes lucifugus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae).
No full textThe Holarctic genus Reticulitermes shows seven species within the Mediterranean Basin. While phylogeny and systematics at continental level has been deeply investigated, a few studies concentrated on local ranges. To gain a clearer picture of the diversity and evolution of the Italian species Reticulitermes lucifugus, we analyzed the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II (COII) gene marker in newly collected colonies across the Peninsula. Data were gathered with all R. lucifugus sequences available from previous studies; COII sequences of the closely related Iberian taxa were also added to the data set. Maximum-likelihood, median-joining and statistical parsimony network elaborations on the resulting 119 colonies all agreed in indicating that: (i) the Sardo-Corsican subspecies R. lucifugus corsicus, strictly related to Southern Italian populations (including the Sicilian ones), is phylogenetically closer to the Iberian Reticulitermes grassei; and (ii) R. lucifugus lucifugus peninsular populations are structured into three clusters. The phylogenetic relationships and the biogeography of extant taxa suggest a scenario in which R. lucifugus ancestors colonized the Italian region through the Sardo-Corsican microplate during its Oligocene-Miocene anticlockwise rotation. Moreover, well after the colonization took place, northward range expansion might have produced the presently observed genetic diversity, as inferred from haplotype and nucleotide diversity estimates. On the whole, this study highlights the evolution of Italian Reticulitermes taxa and supports the importance of a wide taxon sampling especially when dealing with organisms easily dispersed by human activities
Phylogeography and colony structure of dry-wood dwelling termites of the genus Kalotermes (Isoptera, Kalotermitidae) in Southern Europe
No full textAccording to the most recent phylogenetic and phylogeographic investigations, the Kalotermes genus (Kalotermitidae) includes three different mitochondrial lineages of K. flavicollis and the new K. italicus species. In some Italian populations extreme colony fusion events were observed, with mixed families composed by up to nine maternal lines belonging to different genetic lineages or even to different species. In termites with the same nesting type, colony fusions lead to the death of queens and kings allowing false workers (pseudoergates) to evolve into reproducers and to inherit the colony (Accelerated Nest Inheritance). To widen the analyses on Kalotermes phylogeography and colony structure, we sequenced 912 bp of the mitochondrial genome, corresponding to COI/tRNA-Leu/COII, in two individuals from each of the 21 colonies collected in 11 European localities. In four colonies showing haplotypes of different genetic lineages/species, five-eight individuals per colony were further analyzed. A more detailed biogeographic scenario is obtained, with overlapping distribution areas of the considered lineages/species. Moreover, data confirm that mixed colonies with haplotypes of different genetic lineages/species may show more than two maternal lines. On the whole, colony fusions appear to occur more frequently than expected on the basis of eusociality models. Moreover, the possibility of hybridization between different genetic lineages or species could facilitate the fusion of more than two colonies wiping out mechanisms of nest-mate recognition. This analysis, therefore, demonstrates that dry-wood dwelling termites might be an interesting framework to study the evolution and maintenance of eusociality
Molecular systematics, biogeography, and colony fusion in the European dry-wood termites Kalotermes spp. (Blattodea, Termitoidae, Kalotermitidae)
No full textEuropean dry-wood termites belong to the genus Kalotermes (Kalotermitidae), one of the two termite genera in Europe. Until the recent description of two new species, Kalotermes italicus in Italy and Kalotermes phoenicae in the eastern Mediterranean area, Kalotermes flavicollis was the only taxon known in this region. The presence of additional entities, suggested by morphological and physiological variation observed in K. flavicollis, was supported by molecular studies revealing four distinct genetic lineages: lineage A, K. flavicollis sensu strictu, from the Aegean area to Italy; lineage B, in Tuscany; lineage SC, in Sardinia and Corsica; lineage SF, in southern France. Lineages A and B may form mixed colonies, suggesting hybridization. To draw a more detailed picture of Kalotermes evolution and biogeography in Europe, we analyzed samples from previously unsampled areas, such as Spain and southern Italy, by means of the highly informative cox1/trnL/cox2 mitochondrial DNA marker. Overall, phylogenetic analyses confirmed previously identified lineages and taxa, but widened the distribution of the lineage SC to the mainland and of the lineage SF to Spain and Portugal. Results further provided evidence for the synonymy between lineage B and K. italicus. Species delimitation analysis suggested that the three K. flavicollis lineages, as well as K. italicus, can be separate taxa. Data also suggest a possible interspecific hybridization between K. italicus and both K. flavicollis lineages A and SC
Preparation, Characterisation and Testing of Photocatalytic Polymeric Membranes with Entrapped or Suspended TiO2
No full textVarious cellulose triacetate (CTA) or polysulfone (PSf) membranes with entrapped polycrystalline TiO2 were prepared by using different methods of the so-called phase inversion process. Porosity and permeability of the membranes increased by increasing the amount of entrapped TiO2 while rejection decreased. The photoactivity of entrapped TiO2 for the degradation of congo-red was compared with that of the same quantity of suspended TiO2 and the results indicated that TiO2 was always more efficient when used in suspension. A hybrid configuration consisting of a continuous membrane photoreactor with the photocatalyst in suspension showed to be the most promising one
Left ventricle outflow tract vegetation, embolism and troponin rise: An infective endocarditis case report
No full textauthor-bios-SRD-19-0063.R1 – Supplemental material for The Network Structure of Police Misconduct
No full textSupplemental material, author-bios-SRD-19-0063.R1 for The Network Structure of Police Misconduct by George Wood, Daria Roithmayr and Andrew V. Papachristos in Socius</p
FILOGENESI DELLE TERMITI EUROPEE DEL LEGNO SECCO DEL GENERE KALOTERMES (ISOPTERA, KALOTERMITIDAE)
No full textLe sole termiti del legno secco native dell’Europa appartengono al genere Kalotermes. Fino a poco tempo fa, queste termiti erano considerate appartenenti alla sola specie Kalotermes flavicollis, distribuita in tutto il bacino del Mediterraneo. In due recenti studi, tuttavia, sono state descritte due nuove specie: K. italicus, in Italia, e K. phoenicae, a Cipro e nel Medio Oriente. Inoltre, studi di filogenesi molecolare hanno rivelato diverse linee di K. flavicollis: una in Corsica e Sardegna ed una nella Francia meridionale. Per ampliare le analisi sulla sistematica e la biogeografia di Kalotermes in Europa, sono state analizzate 43 colonie raccolte in 28 diverse località, insieme a campioni ottenuti da studi precedenti. Le analisi di filogenesi molecolare, condotte sul DNA mitocondriale, indicano i) che la distribuzione di K. italicus si estende dall'Italia centrale fino alla Francia meridionale, ii) che la linea Sardo-Corsa si trova anche nell’Italia continentale, e iii) che la linea della francese si estende fino alla penisola iberica. L’analisi dei cronogrammi, inoltre, hanno mostrato che le attuali Kalotermes europee si sono differenziate ~32 milioni di anni fa, con la separazione di K. phoenicae. Le specie K. italicus e K. flavicollis si sono separate ~15 milioni di anni fa, con le linee di K. flavicollis diversificatesi ~6 milioni di anni fa. In confronto alla storia evolutiva di un altro genere di termiti europee, Reticulitermes, è interessante notare come, sebbene si siano originate più di recente, queste ultime presentino una maggiore diversità. Le differenti caratteristiche ecologiche e/o di dinamica delle colonie possono spiegare questa differenza significativa
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
MILLSTONES COASTAL QUARRIES AS INDICATOR OF RELATIVE SEA LEVEL CHANGES
No full textThe Italian coasts shows numerous archaeological remains which reveals the activities that were
carried out along the coast for thousands of years of history. In order to use archaeological
structures for coastal studies, an accurate estimate of their relationship to the sea level at the time of
construction is required (Lambeck et al 2004, Antonioli et al 2007, Auriemma & Solinas 2009).
Millstone coastal quarries are only documented in southern Italy; they are carved on beachrock,
calcarenites and other sedimentary rock easy to be exploited. Few archaeological information have
been published about quarries for millstones extraction; they are documented since around 2500 yr
BP (Amouretti, 1986; Amouretti, Brun, 1993; Brun, 1997).
Millstone quarries carved within sandstone bedrocks and nowadays partially submerged was used
as archaeological sea level marker for two sites in Calabria and Sicily by Scicchitano et al.(2011).
In this study we analyzed 11 coastal sites of: Sicily (Capo d’Orlando, Letojanni, Giardini Naxos),
Calabria (Soverato, Tropea, Capo dell’Armi, Crotone, Roccella Ionica), Campania (Palinuro,
Scario) and Apulia (Polignano San Vito).
Thanks to the discovery and dating of an iron wedge used as tool for carving, for the first time we
can restrict the period of exploitation of this specific type of quarry (Ronchitelli, 1993). In addition,
based on geological knowledge of each sector and on measures made on the quarries, we present
considerations on functionality, geological uplift rate and reconstruction of possible ages of each
studied archaeological sites
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