1,720,962 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
How to predict major injuries: an epidemiological approach.
No full textA better understanding of trauma epidemiology may allow to enhance the organisation of trauma systems with a potentially relevant impact on the level of trauma care. A one year epidemiology study (1st March 1998-28th February 1999) was planned in Friuli Venezia Giulia with the aim to collect all prehospital, hospital and outcome data of patients who sustained a major trauma (ISS > 15) within the regional border. In 12 months 15,429 traumatized patients (14,108 residents) were admitted to any one of the Regional hospitals. Over 1% of the whole population sustained injuries severe enough to cause hospital admission. 630 people (77.3% male, 27.7% female average age 42 ys) had a major trauma. The incidence of major trauma is 525 per million people per year. RTA was by far the most important cause of major injuries (78.6%) followed by work accidents (6.8%), domestic (5.9%) and sport accidents (1.9%). Only 1.2% of all the major injuries was the consequence of interpersonal violence. One hundred-sixty-six trauma victims died on the spot (149) or before hospital arrival (17). 464 patients with major injuries reached the hospital alive. More than two third of the patients with ISS > 15, suffered from a multiple trauma. 70% had a severe injury to the head (AIS > or = 3). Head trauma occurred as an isolated injury in only 35.3%. Hospital mortality within 30 days from admission (trauma death) was 25.1%. The results of the follow-up at 6 months are still incomplete. However the preliminary data clearly show that a high percentage of the patients who were discharged alive from the ICU had a good neurologic recovery
A population based study on pneumothorax in severely traumatized patients
No full textBACKGROUND:
Pneumothorax (PNX) is a recognized cause of preventable deaths in trauma patients. Our objective was to determine the incidence of traumatic PNX, the characteristics of its victims, and the treatment they receive.
METHODS:
The study consisted of data set of a population-based study on major trauma.
RESULTS:
The incidence of PNX was 81 per 1 million population per year, mostly caused by transport accidents. PNX victims generally had multiple injuries, and they showed on-scene clinical parameters worse than victims of other chest injuries of comparable severity. Fifty-three percent of PNXs were drained during the prehospital and early (< 2 hours) hospital course. There was no uniformity of treatment among different types of rescue facilities, some of them never performing decompression despite clinical need. The z statistic for mortality was -0.63.
CONCLUSION:
PNX can be expected in one in five major trauma victims found alive. PNX is associated with a peculiar on-scene instability. Early decompression is often required. The effects of wider access to prehospital decompression and the reasons for its uneven availability in our setting need elucidation. Nevertheless, the present mortality follows the international standards
Effect of two patterns of prehospital care on the outcome of patients with severe head injury
No full textHypothesis: A pattern of prehospital care combining advanced life support, physician staffing, and helicopter transport improves the outcome of patients with severe brain injuries, compared with combined expanded basic life support, nurse staffing, and ground transport. Design: Inception cohort from the data set of a population-based, prospective study on major trauma. Setting: Prehospital and hospital trauma systems of an Italian region. Patients: All patients with major trauma (Injury Severity Score, ≥ 16) and severe head injury (Abbreviated Injury Scale score for the head, ≥ 4) rescued alive from March 1, 1998, to February 28, 1999, who received either form of care. Patients with self-inflicted injuries were excluded. The 184 patients who met the entry criteria were divided equally between care groups. Interventions: None. Main Outcome Measures: Mortality at 30 days and Glasgow Outcome Scale score of survivors. Results: After verifying the comparability of the cohorts, no survival or disability benefit could be demonstrated (95% confidence interval [CI] of the odds ratio for mortality [helicopter/ambulance] [95% CI 1], 0.72 to 2.67; 95% CI of the difference in Glasgow Outcome Scale score medians between helicopter and ambulance groups [95% CI 2], 0.0 to 0.0). Similar results were derived from analyses restricted to the subgroups identified by low( ≤ 90 mm Hg) roadside systolic blood pressure (95% CI 1, 0.58 to 7.17; 95% CI 2, -1 to 2) and by need for urgent neurosurgical intervention (95% CI 1, 0.16 to 2.60; 95% CI 2, 0 to 2). Exclusion from the ambulance group of victims rescued in urban areas did not change the results (95% CI 1, 0.80 to 3.24; 95% CI 2, 0.0 to 0.0). Stratification by age, Injury Severity Score, and Glasgow Coma Scale score demonstrated a small survival benefit (95% CI 1, 1.12 to 2.12) in the ambulance subgroup with Glasgow Coma Scale score from 10 to 12. Multiple logistic regression analysis confirmed that the group did not affect mortality. Conclusion: This study was conceived to emphasize the supposed advantages of the combined helicopter, physician, and advanced life-support rescue. No increased benefit compared with the simpler rescue group could be demonstrated
Epidemiological study on high grade trauma
No full textA better understanding of trauma epidemiology may allow to enhance the organisation of trauma systems with a potentially relevant impact on the level of trauma care. A one year epidemiology study (1st March 1998-28th February 1999) was planned in Friuli Venezia Giulia with the aim to collect all prehospital, hospital and outcome data of patients who sustained a major trauma (ISS > 15) within the regional border. In 12 months 15,429 traumatized patients (14,108 residents) were admitted to any one of the Regional hospitals. Over 1% of the whole population sustained injuries severe enough to cause hospital admission. 630 people (77.3% male, 27.7% female average age 42 ys) had a major trauma. The incidence of major trauma is 525 per million people per year. RTA was by far the most important cause of major injuries (78.6%) followed by work accidents (6.8%), domestic (5.9%) and sport accidents (1.9%). Only 1.2% of all the major injuries was the consequence of interpersonal violence. One hundred-sixty-six trauma victims died on the spot (149) or before hospital arrival (17). 464 patients with major injuries reached the hospital alive. More than two third of the patients with ISS > 15, suffered from a multiple trauma. 70% had a severe injury to the head (AIS > or = 3). Head trauma occurred as an isolated injury in only 35.3%. Hospital mortality within 30 days from admission (trauma death) was 25.1%. The results of the follow-up at 6 months are still incomplete. However the preliminary data clearly show that a high percentage of the patients who were discharged alive from the ICU had a good neurologic recovery
Inadequate ventilation of patients with severe brain injury: a possible drawback to prehospital advanced trauma care?
No full textObjectives: To assess the appropriateness of arterial carbon dioxide tension control in a group of 92 patients with traumatic brain injury who, despite receiving advanced prehospital care, showed no improved outcome in comparison with a group homogeneous but for a lower level of prehospital care. Methods: A retrospective registration of the early in-hospital arterial carbon dioxide tension of the patients intubated and ventilated on scene. Patients were excluded if the arterial carbon dioxide tension did not reflect prehospital ventilation or its alteration might have been intentional or unavoidable. Results: Arterial carbon dioxide tension was normal (35-45 mmHg) in only six of the 16 suitable cases (37.5%), was elevated (>45 mmHg) in three cases (18.75%), low (25-35 mmHg) in five cases (31.25%), and extremely low (<25 mmHg) in two cases (12.5%). Conclusion: Potentially dangerous alterations in capnia occurred in the majority of patients analysed. The possible consequences and causes are discussed. Further studies are needed to assess the consequences of any deviation from ideal standards, and to set realistic standards of arterial carbon dioxide tension control during prehospital ventilation
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
