1,721,539 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
NMR studies on 2-oxoglutarate oxygenases
No full textThe work described in this Thesis has focused on the application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study the Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) dependent oxygenases, a family of structurally related enzymes that are ubiquitous in plants, micro-organisms and animals. The work included enzyme mechanistic studies, NMR method development, protein NMR and method development for inhibitor discovery. NMR was applied to study human γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase (BBOX), an enzyme involved in L-carnitine biosynthesis. The studies showed that BBOX exhibits remarkable substrate promiscuity and is able to accept a large number of alternative substrates including the catalytic product L-carnitine and its unnatural enantiomer D-carnitine. Inhibition and mechanistic studies have also been conducted with 3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazineyl)propionate (THP), a BBOX inhibitor that is clinically used for the treatments of myocardial infarction and angina. The studies showed that THP is actually a competitive substrate forming a number of products including 3-amino-4-(methylamino)butanoic acid that is observed as a formaldehyde adduct. NMR analyses using 13C-labelled THP revealed that the reaction of THP involves a radical mechanism involving C-N fragmentation and C-C bond formation in a fashion similar to a Stevens rearrangement in organic chemistry. The development and implementation of two competition-based NMR methodologies to study ligand binding to 2OG oxygenases are described. In the first method, 2OG was used as a reporter ligand and its signal was monitored by spin echo-edited 1H experiments upon displacement by competitive ligand. An alternative version involving the use of 13C-labelled 2OG as the reporter and heteronuclear spectra editing is also proposed. This displacement method was applied for ligand screening and for quantifying ligand binding affinities for several 2OG oxygenases including the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) hydroxylases. It was also used to investigate the catalytic mechanism of deacetoxycephalosporin C synthase (DAOCS), which revealed that 2OG and penicillin (substrate) have distinct binding sites, arguing against the atypical mechanism previously proposed for this enzyme. In the second NMR method, water molecules were used as the reporter ligand. The basis of the method relies on the paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) effect. By replacing the active site metal of 2OG oxygenases by paramagnetic metal Mn(II), the relaxation rates of bulk water were increased. In the presence of a ligand, the accessibility of water molecules to the paramagnetic metal centre was hindered, leading to a decrease in the bulk water relaxation rates. This method was applied for ligand screening and for ligand binding constant measurements for HIF prolyl hydroxylase (PHD2). Protein NMR was also applied to study substrate binding to PHD2. Isotopically labelled PHD2 was produced and protein resonance assignment was conducted for both the substrate-free and substrate-bound forms of PHD2. Comparison of the two sets of assignment provided solution state evidence for the substrate binding site that was previously identified by X-ray crystallography. The chemical shift perturbation data also suggested that a loop region at the N-terminal side of the core double-stranded β-helix fold of PHD2 is important for substrate binding. Unlike 2OG, the binding of the peptidyl substrate and the prolyl hydroxylated peptidyl product to PHD2 do not require the presence of an active site metal. In fact, the presence of 2OG inside the active site actually weakens the binding of the product whilst the binding of the substrate was not affected, which is likely due to steric clash between 2OG and the hydroxyproline residue. The applicability of reversible boronate ester formation to protein-directed dynamic combinatorial chemistry for the discovery of protein ligands was also investigated. Using 11B NMR, proof-of-principle studies demonstrated selective binding of boronate esters from a dynamic combinatorial library (DCL). The studies also identified factors that should be considered when designing a DCL involving boronate ester formation. The method was then applied to discover inhibitors for PHD2, and NMR was used as a verification and quantification technique. The studies have successfully led to the discovery of three novel potent PHD2 inhibitors that inhibit the enzyme at low nanomolar concentrations
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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