1,720,975 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Apoptotic cell death as a target for the treatment of acute and chronic liver injury
Get PDFAcute liver failure can develop as a consequence of viral hepatitis, drug- or toxin-induced toxicity or rejection after liver transplantation, whereas chronic liver injury can be due to long-term exposure to alcohol, chemicals, chronic viral hepatitis, metabolic or cholestatic disorders. During acute and chronic liver injury, liver cells are exposed to increased levels of cytokines, oxidative stress and bile acids. This may result in cell damage followed by necrotic and apoptotic cell death of hepatocytes and proliferation of stellate cells. Eventually, this may lead to loss of liver function. Effective therapies for acute and chronic liver diseases are not available.
Hepatocytes, the parenchymal cells of the liver, are well equipped with protective mechanisms to prevent cell death. As long as these protective pathways can be activated, the balance will be in favour of cell survival. However, the balance between cell survival and cell death is delicate and can be easily tipped towards cell death during liver injury. Therefore, insight into the cellular mechanisms leading to cell death is of relevance to understand liver diseases. This can result in identification of novel intervention targets in order to prevent cell death.
The aim of this thesis is to investigate apoptotic mechanisms in acute and chronic liver injury in order to develop strategies to protect hepatocytes against apoptotic cell damage. In contrast to the loss of hepatocytes, chronic liver injury is associated with the proliferation and activation of hepatic stellate cells. These cells play a pivotal role in liver fibrosis. Thus, contrary to the prevention of cell death in hepatocytes, induction of apoptosis in activated stellate cells may constitute a relevant therapeutic strategy during chronic liver diseases. An important anti-apoptotic mechanism is the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB which results in the activation of anti-apoptotic genes. This thesis describes the role of NF-κB in the protection against apoptosis in hepatocytes during acute liver injury (chapter 3 in vitro and chapter 4 in vivo) and chronic liver injury (chapter 5). Furthermore, NF-κB-regulated Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein2 (cIAP2) is highlighted as a new target of therapy.
In chronic cholestatic liver diseases, the accumulation of bile acids in the liver is thought to play a role in causing hepatocyte damage. This thesis describes the extent of apoptotic cell death in hepatocytes in an experimental model of extrahepatic cholestasis and the ability of these cells to adapt to bile acid-induced apoptosis (chapter 5). Patients with cholestatic liver disease are often treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), but its protective mechanism of action is not well defined yet. Chapter 6 of this thesis describes the possible mechanisms behind the anti-apoptotic action of taurine-conjugated UDCA. Liver injury eventually results in excessive deposition of extracellular matrix referred to as fibrogenesis. In this process, the activation and proliferation of stellate cells (fibroblasts-like cells) is a key event. Therefore, the stellate cell is an attractive target for anti-fibrotic therapies. One promising approach is the induction of apoptotic cell death in activated stellate cells. However, it is crucial that this induction should be selectively aimed at stellate cells while leaving hepatocytes unaffected. Therefore, a gene delivery tool which selectively targets to activated stellate cells is developed and tested (chapter 7). This will allow cell selective gene modulation in this important cell type during chronic liver diseases accompanied by fibrosis.
This thesis describes some of the mechanisms leading to apoptotic cell death during liver disease and provides tools to selectively interfere with this process.
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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