1,720,952 research outputs found
Electrokinetic conversion
No full textIn their search for improved and new exploration tools, geophysicists have improved seismic and electromagnetic techniques. Since the 1930s it is known that there is a coupling between seismic and electromagnetic waves in the shallow subsurface of the earth. Electroseismic surveying and its reciprocal process, seismic-to-electromagnetic conversion, are methods for remotely identifying the presence of hydrocarbons in the subsurface of the earth. In this study we investigate electrokinetic coupling theoretically and experimentally. The origin of this effect lies in a very thin nano-layer which is conventionally present at all solid-fluid interfaces where an excess charge density with respect to the bulk charge density in the pore fluid exists. Any hydraulic disturbances of this nano-layer cause electric currents that are opposed by ionic counterflows generating electric fields. These effects become manifest when acoustic waves impinge upon the interface between two adjacent porous layers having different electro-mechanical properties. The theoretical basis for the coupling phenomena under investigation is conceptually imbedded in the framework of the combined Biot-Maxwell equations. An important aspect of the theory is the so-called dynamic (i.e., frequency-dependent) coupling factor. This coupling factor is studied in a dedicated experimental set-up where an oscillating flow through a porous material generates electric fields. We address the frequency-dependency of the coupling coefficient, the mathematical description and experimental detection results. We validate that the governing model is capable of modeling the coupling effect.Geoscience & EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Minimum-phase Property of Memory Functions in the Wave Equation
No full textMemory functions occur in the wave equation as time-convolution operators and generally account for the instantaneous and non-instantaneous responses of a medium. The specific memory function that is causal and stable, and the inverse of which is also causal and stable, is conventionally referred to as minimum phase. In this paper we present "extended minimum-phase relations" between the amplitude and phase spectra of a memory function that has different properties. The considered memory function and its inverse are both causal, but they do not need to be stable. We still address the function as minimum phase because the phase spectrum exhibits minimum group delay, like a conventional minimum-phase function. We have successfully tested the derived relations for the well-known Maxwell and Kelvin-Voigt models. The relations have potential applications in acoustics, seismology, poroelasticity, electromagnetics, electrokinetics and any other effective-medium theory that employs memory functions.Geoscience & EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Study of shale wettability for CO2 storage
No full textFor a water-saturated cap-rock, which consists of a low-permeability porous material, the wettability of the reservoir rock-connate water- CO2 system and the interfacial tension (IFT) between CO2 and connate water are the significant parameters for the evaluation of the capillary sealing. Also, the amount of capillary-trapped CO2 depends on the wettability of reservoir rocks. The wettability of the rock matrix has a strong effect on the distribution of phases within the pore space and thus on the entire displacement mechanism and storage capacity. In this work, the equilibrium contact angles of water/shale system were determined with CO2 for a wide range of pressures at a constant temperature of 318 K by using the dynamic captive bubble method. The results reveal that intermediate-wet conditions and hence possible leakage of CO2 must to be considered at relatively high pressures, however, the salt concentration of the water in the shales plays an important role too. The results show that this estimate is highly dependent on the pore structure, fluid composition and pressure/temperature conditions of the reservoirs. These properties need to be first evaluated before estimates for shale capillarity is used.Geoscience & EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Electrokinetic fields and waves: Theory, experiments and numerical modeling
No full textGeoscience & EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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