1,720,999 research outputs found
Metallo-Scorpionates : and some profitable side projects
No full textInspiriert von der Scorpionat-Chemie, welche ihre Anfänge 1966 mit der Entwicklung der Verbindungsklasse der Hydrido–tris(pyrazolyl)borate fand, wird ein neues tridentates Ligandensystem basierend auf organometallischen Resten, wie [Cp*Rh(III)]2+, [Cp*Co(III)]2+, [(arene)Ru(II)]2+, entwickelt. Durch Koordination von Heterocyclen (z.B. Pyrazolen oder Imidazolen) wird ein chemischer Baustein generiert, welcher in Anlehnung an einen Skorpion in der Lage ist ein weiteres Übergangsmetall mittels C3v Symmetrie zu stabilisieren. Die Herstellung von di-/tri-/multi- metallischen Komplexen und die Entwicklung eines modularen Syntheseweges, welcher eine gezielte Aneinanderreihung von mehreren Metallen erlaubt, werden angestrebt. Lineare Metallketten werden mit Redox-aktiven Übergangsmetallen synthetisiert. Dabei hilft eine sterische Hinderung, bspw. durch die Verwendung von modifizierten Systemen wie 3-Methylpyrazolyl oder tert-Butylpyrazolyl, die Dimension der Kette zu kontrollieren und/ oder Übergangsmetalle in einer niedrigen Oxidationsstufe zu stabilisieren. Diese Kombination begünstigt Metall-Metall Wechselwirkungen (Spin-Spin Wechselwirkungen, Redoxreaktionen) und führt zu Veränderungen der chemischen Eigenschaften in Bezug auf die Stabilität und Flexibilität im Vergleich zu Trofimenkos Borat-Variante. Bislang wurden verschiedenste Wege zur Darstellung von Metallo-Scorpionaten der „ersten“ (homoleptische Komplexe) und „zweiten“ (heteroleptische Komplexe) Generation erprobt und die synthetisierten Komplexe mittels NMR/ IR / MS Spektroskopie, Röntgeneinkristallstrukturanalyse und Cyclovoltammetrie charakterisiert.In analogy to the early work of Trofimenko in the 1960`s on simple tripodal hydridotrispyrazolylborate ligands the scientific explorations have been focused on the creation of a new class of tripodal metallo-ligands including a central organometallic moiety (e.g. [Cp*Rh(III)]2+, [Cp*Co(III)]2+, [(arene)Ru(II)]2+) instead of the hydrogen-boron subunit and on the investigation of its coordination chemistry. Conceptually, this modified backbone should show the same structural skills like a scorpion, to catch an object threefold by two claws and a quill. Therefore, the ligand system was combined with different metals of the periodic system to design various oligo- and/or multimetallic compounds. Redox-responsive transition metals bridged by conjugated ligands were connected with each other bearing a linear metal chain. The choice of the residue (R = H, Me, tBu) at the position three of the pyrazolide ligand controls the dimension of the extent of the metal chain and can also help to stabilise transition metals in low oxidation states. Supported by the presence of the heteronuclear aromatic systems, interactions between the transition metals are indispensable and as a consequence the additional transition metal located at the backbone causes significant changes of the chemical properties with regard to its stability and flexibility. Up to now different routes to generate metallo-scorpionates of the “first” (homoleptic complexes) and “second” generation (heteroleptic complexes) by the use of various d-block elements have been investigated. Diverse complexes have been synthesised and characterised via single crystal diffraction, NMR /IR spectroscopy, MS and some by the usage of cyclic voltammetry.Inge Schlapp-HacklKumulative Dissertation aus sieben ArtikelnIm Titel 2 jeweils tiefgestellt und + hochgestelltDissertation University of Innsbruck 201
Metallo-Scorpionates : and some profitable side projects
No full textInspiriert von der Scorpionat-Chemie, welche ihre Anfänge 1966 mit der Entwicklung der Verbindungsklasse der Hydrido–tris(pyrazolyl)borate fand, wird ein neues tridentates Ligandensystem basierend auf organometallischen Resten, wie [Cp*Rh(III)]2+, [Cp*Co(III)]2+, [(arene)Ru(II)]2+, entwickelt. Durch Koordination von Heterocyclen (z.B. Pyrazolen oder Imidazolen) wird ein chemischer Baustein generiert, welcher in Anlehnung an einen Skorpion in der Lage ist ein weiteres Übergangsmetall mittels C3v Symmetrie zu stabilisieren. Die Herstellung von di-/tri-/multi- metallischen Komplexen und die Entwicklung eines modularen Syntheseweges, welcher eine gezielte Aneinanderreihung von mehreren Metallen erlaubt, werden angestrebt. Lineare Metallketten werden mit Redox-aktiven Übergangsmetallen synthetisiert. Dabei hilft eine sterische Hinderung, bspw. durch die Verwendung von modifizierten Systemen wie 3-Methylpyrazolyl oder tert-Butylpyrazolyl, die Dimension der Kette zu kontrollieren und/ oder Übergangsmetalle in einer niedrigen Oxidationsstufe zu stabilisieren. Diese Kombination begünstigt Metall-Metall Wechselwirkungen (Spin-Spin Wechselwirkungen, Redoxreaktionen) und führt zu Veränderungen der chemischen Eigenschaften in Bezug auf die Stabilität und Flexibilität im Vergleich zu Trofimenkos Borat-Variante. Bislang wurden verschiedenste Wege zur Darstellung von Metallo-Scorpionaten der „ersten“ (homoleptische Komplexe) und „zweiten“ (heteroleptische Komplexe) Generation erprobt und die synthetisierten Komplexe mittels NMR/ IR / MS Spektroskopie, Röntgeneinkristallstrukturanalyse und Cyclovoltammetrie charakterisiert.In analogy to the early work of Trofimenko in the 1960`s on simple tripodal hydridotrispyrazolylborate ligands the scientific explorations have been focused on the creation of a new class of tripodal metallo-ligands including a central organometallic moiety (e.g. [Cp*Rh(III)]2+, [Cp*Co(III)]2+, [(arene)Ru(II)]2+) instead of the hydrogen-boron subunit and on the investigation of its coordination chemistry. Conceptually, this modified backbone should show the same structural skills like a scorpion, to catch an object threefold by two claws and a quill. Therefore, the ligand system was combined with different metals of the periodic system to design various oligo- and/or multimetallic compounds. Redox-responsive transition metals bridged by conjugated ligands were connected with each other bearing a linear metal chain. The choice of the residue (R = H, Me, tBu) at the position three of the pyrazolide ligand controls the dimension of the extent of the metal chain and can also help to stabilise transition metals in low oxidation states. Supported by the presence of the heteronuclear aromatic systems, interactions between the transition metals are indispensable and as a consequence the additional transition metal located at the backbone causes significant changes of the chemical properties with regard to its stability and flexibility. Up to now different routes to generate metallo-scorpionates of the “first” (homoleptic complexes) and “second” generation (heteroleptic complexes) by the use of various d-block elements have been investigated. Diverse complexes have been synthesised and characterised via single crystal diffraction, NMR /IR spectroscopy, MS and some by the usage of cyclic voltammetry.Inge Schlapp-HacklKumulative Dissertation aus sieben ArtikelnIm Titel 2 jeweils tiefgestellt und + hochgestelltDissertation University of Innsbruck 201
Metallo-Scorpionates : and some profitable side projects
No full textInspiriert von der Scorpionat-Chemie, welche ihre Anfänge 1966 mit der Entwicklung der Verbindungsklasse der Hydrido–tris(pyrazolyl)borate fand, wird ein neues tridentates Ligandensystem basierend auf organometallischen Resten, wie [Cp*Rh(III)]2+, [Cp*Co(III)]2+, [(arene)Ru(II)]2+, entwickelt. Durch Koordination von Heterocyclen (z.B. Pyrazolen oder Imidazolen) wird ein chemischer Baustein generiert, welcher in Anlehnung an einen Skorpion in der Lage ist ein weiteres Übergangsmetall mittels C3v Symmetrie zu stabilisieren. Die Herstellung von di-/tri-/multi- metallischen Komplexen und die Entwicklung eines modularen Syntheseweges, welcher eine gezielte Aneinanderreihung von mehreren Metallen erlaubt, werden angestrebt. Lineare Metallketten werden mit Redox-aktiven Übergangsmetallen synthetisiert. Dabei hilft eine sterische Hinderung, bspw. durch die Verwendung von modifizierten Systemen wie 3-Methylpyrazolyl oder tert-Butylpyrazolyl, die Dimension der Kette zu kontrollieren und/ oder Übergangsmetalle in einer niedrigen Oxidationsstufe zu stabilisieren. Diese Kombination begünstigt Metall-Metall Wechselwirkungen (Spin-Spin Wechselwirkungen, Redoxreaktionen) und führt zu Veränderungen der chemischen Eigenschaften in Bezug auf die Stabilität und Flexibilität im Vergleich zu Trofimenkos Borat-Variante. Bislang wurden verschiedenste Wege zur Darstellung von Metallo-Scorpionaten der „ersten“ (homoleptische Komplexe) und „zweiten“ (heteroleptische Komplexe) Generation erprobt und die synthetisierten Komplexe mittels NMR/ IR / MS Spektroskopie, Röntgeneinkristallstrukturanalyse und Cyclovoltammetrie charakterisiert.In analogy to the early work of Trofimenko in the 1960`s on simple tripodal hydridotrispyrazolylborate ligands the scientific explorations have been focused on the creation of a new class of tripodal metallo-ligands including a central organometallic moiety (e.g. [Cp*Rh(III)]2+, [Cp*Co(III)]2+, [(arene)Ru(II)]2+) instead of the hydrogen-boron subunit and on the investigation of its coordination chemistry. Conceptually, this modified backbone should show the same structural skills like a scorpion, to catch an object threefold by two claws and a quill. Therefore, the ligand system was combined with different metals of the periodic system to design various oligo- and/or multimetallic compounds. Redox-responsive transition metals bridged by conjugated ligands were connected with each other bearing a linear metal chain. The choice of the residue (R = H, Me, tBu) at the position three of the pyrazolide ligand controls the dimension of the extent of the metal chain and can also help to stabilise transition metals in low oxidation states. Supported by the presence of the heteronuclear aromatic systems, interactions between the transition metals are indispensable and as a consequence the additional transition metal located at the backbone causes significant changes of the chemical properties with regard to its stability and flexibility. Up to now different routes to generate metallo-scorpionates of the “first” (homoleptic complexes) and “second” generation (heteroleptic complexes) by the use of various d-block elements have been investigated. Diverse complexes have been synthesised and characterised via single crystal diffraction, NMR /IR spectroscopy, MS and some by the usage of cyclic voltammetry.Inge Schlapp-HacklKumulative Dissertation aus sieben ArtikelnIm Titel 2 jeweils tiefgestellt und + hochgestelltDissertation University of Innsbruck 201
Decolorization of viscose textile fibers for the purpose of chemical recycling by means of the Ioncell (registered trademark symbol) technique
No full text
Recycling of ionphane films
No full textThis thesis explores the recyclability of Ionphane, which is a cellulose film synthesized by the Ioncell® technology. The Ioncell® process is a Lyocell type dry-jet wet spinning technology and utilizes a powerful direct cellulose solvent 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium, acetate ([DBNH][OAc]) to produce cellulose films/fibers of excellent mechanical properties. To ensure the circularity of the produced cellulose films, they were recycled and turned into new films and fibers.
After 2 cycles of recycling the same cellulose films, the produced films showed a tenacity of 153.1 MPa and, the produced fiber from the recycled cellulose films with a tenacity of 41.07cN/tex. In comparison to their starting products the mechanical properties are only slightly reduced
Microencapsulation of curcumin dye with beta-cyclodextrin embedded in Ioncell® fibres by means of dry jet wet spinning
Get PDFDevelopment of regenerated cellulosic fibres (RCFs) opened up new ventures into the world of sustainable textiles. IONCELL® is a sustainable process which utilizes the IL, [DBNH][OAc] to dissolve cellulose. Through dry-jet wet spinning RCFs with great properties are generated which might be turned into functional textiles. Various spin solutions were prepared by mixing 1% curcumin and/or 2% ß-CDs with standard kraft bleached pulp dissolved in [DBNH][OAc]. Fibers were produced through the IONCELL® process and analysed in detail. All the properties were compared with IONCELL® standard fibers. The properties of all dopes were tested by rheology. The complex viscosity and dynamic moduli of the viscoelastic solutions were close to the standard IONCELL® dope. The presence of microcapsules of ß-CD with curcumin were confirmed by FTIR, XRD, DSC and TGA techniques. The mechanical properties of the generated fibres such as orientation was as high as 0.80 ± 0.12 with an average dry tenacity of 43.6 ± 5.4 cN/dtex. The colour stability of the spin-dyed fibres was compared with fibres dyed by post spinning through 30% ethanol solution. Washing fastness values for spin-dyed fibres was as high as 5 for both colour change and staining. The fibers showed a crystallite size of 41.4 ± 1.0, 35.5 ± 0.1 and 35.8 ± 0.2 Å for (1 ̅10), (110) and (020) regions for the cellulose-II polymorph, respectively. CRI was as high as 79.1 ± 0.7% which is very close to standard IONCELL® fibre. The amount of fixed ß-CD onto the fibres was quantified. With a 2 % addition of ß-CD on pulp 0.1 ± 0.03% ß-CD was fixed onto the regenerated fibres
Sluten återvinningskrets av Ioncell®-fibrer
No full textIn the aspiration of building a circular economy the textile industry needs to be remodelled. The current system is predominantly linear, starting with extracting natural resources and ending with large amounts of incinerated and landfilled textile waste. Textile recycling is not yet widely available, because none of the few existing technologies have been successful on the market.
The emerging Ioncell(R) technology produces high-performing regenerated cellulose textile fibres, originally from wood. Later, it has been shown that the same technology is suitable for cotton recycling. However, it has not yet been investigated whether the fibres produced with the Ioncell(R) process are recyclable by the use of the same technology. If Ioncell(R) intends to become an actor in a circular textile economy, the recyclability of the material is crucial.
In the course of this study, standard Ioncell(R) fibres were produced from wood pulp. The fibres were spun into yarn, knitted into fabric, and washed in a laundry machine fifty times to mimic household usage. The fabric was then chemically recycled. By measuring the fibre and yarn strength, chemical composition, and polymer structure, it was possible to conclude that the recycled Ioncell(R) fibres exhibited a minor decrease in quality. Nevertheless, they proved to be as suitable for yarn and textile production as the virgin Ioncell(R) fibres.För att kunna övergå till en cirkulärekonomi måste textilindustrin förändras från grunden. Det nuvarande systemet präglas av en linjär värdekedja, där råmaterial utvinns från naturen, förädlas till textilprodukter och efter användningen kasseras som avfall som antingen förbränns eller samlas på avstjälpningsplatser. Tills vidare är textilåtervinning ovanligt eftersom ingen av det fåtalet existerande teknologierna har nått framgång på marknaden.
Med den nya Ioncell(R)-teknologin går det att producera regenererade textilfibrer av hög kvalitet ur dissolvingmassa. Senare har det upptäckts att även bomullstextiler kan användas som råvara i processen. Det har dock ännu inte forskats i huruvida Ioncell(R)-fibrer kan återvinnas med samma teknologi. Om Ioncell(R) skall bli en aktör i en cirkulär textilekonomi bör produkten gå att återvinna.
Den här undersökningen började med att det producerades konventionella Ioncell(R)-fibrer som spanns till garn och stickades till textiler. Textilerna tvättades i maskin femtio gånger för att efterlikna hushållsbruk, för att sedan malas och regenereras till nya fibrer. De nya fibrernas mekaniska, kemiska och strukturella egenskaper analyserades. Resultaten visade att Ioncell(R)-fibrer går att återvinna utan att kvaliteten försämras märkbart och utan att fibrerna förlorar sin duglighet att användas i textilproduktion
- …
