1,720,998 research outputs found
Limits of traditional distribution network tariff design and options to move beyond
Full text linkThis policy brief is based on RSCAS Research Paper No. 2018/19, titled 'Least-cost distribution network tariff design in theory and practice' by SCHITTEKATTE, Tim; MEEUS, Leonardo. Details about the assumptions, data, and formulation of the mathematical model can be found in the research paper.With more consumers installing solar PV panels, it makes sense to depart from the historical practice of volumetric distribution network tariffs with net-metering. However, regulators face many practical difficulties when redesigning the distribution network tariff design. Typically, there is a trade-off between cost-reflectiveness and fairness. We illustrate the cost-reflectiveness versus fairness trade-off and we find that some cost-reflectiveness can be sacrificed to limit the distributional impact resulting from tariff redesign. However, this works only up to a certain point without compromising grid cost recovery. If grid costs are mainly sunk, and cost-reflective charges are hard to implement, then smaller passive consumers are always worse off – tools other than ‘standard tariff options’ are needed to keep distributional impacts under control while limiting distortions
The EU electricity network codes (2020 ed.)
Full text linkThe EU network codes and guidelines are a detailed set of rules pushing for the harmonisation of national electricity markets and regulations. The areas for the development of network codes and guidelines were set out in the Third Energy Package. By the end of 2017, a total of eight network codes and guidelines entered into force: three grid connection codes (RfG NC, DC NC and HVDC NC), three market codes (FCA GL, CACM GL and EB GL), and two operation codes (SO GL and ER NC). The major part of this text covers the market codes. The reader is guided through the sequence of electricity markets in place in the EU: forward markets, the day-ahead market, the intraday market and finally the balancing markets. The establishment of these different markets in a national context and their integration is discussed. Links with the operation codes are made where relevant as electricity markets cannot be decoupled from system operation. Additionally, two connection codes (RfG NC and DC NC) are covered; the scope of these codes is described and technical requirements are clarified. In the last chapter, network, market and consumer data is addressed. More specifically, the level of harmonisation in data exchange processes and access to these different types of data is discussed. In each section, basic concepts are explained, we highlight what is set out by the codes, and we also refer to some of the relevant academic literature. Finally, the report also points out where provisions in the Recast of the Electricity Regulation, which is part of the Clean Energy Package, impact the existing network codes and guidelines.This report is an updated version of SCHITTEKATTE, Tim, REIF, Valerie, MEEUS, Leonardo, The EU electricity network codes (2019 ed.), Florence School of Regulation, 2019, Energy, [Electricity
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Regulating European distribution systems to achieve net zero : untapping flexibility efficiently
No full textPublished: 19 June 2025To enable deep electrification of the economy, a significant expansion of grid distribution capacity will be required. However, how much grid investments eventually will be needed depends on how the grid is expected to be used. This chapter first details the three prominent regulatory tools that are currently being promoted in Europe to unlock flexibility in grid usage at the distribution level: distribution network access tariffs; smart connection agreements; local congestion markets. Besides refining and coordinating these regulatory tools, it is argued that the regulatory framework around the Distribution System Operator (DSO) also needs to be revised to avoid conflicts of interest. Finally, the chapter questions the coordination between DSOs and transmission system operators (TSOs) which naturally surfaces when new market mechanisms involving DERs are put in place. It is argued that in the longer run, one can imagine a new reorganization of tasks between TSOs and DSOs
Les structures tarifaires des opérateurs de distribution et des consommateurs actifs : une analyse de la régulation économique
Full text linkThe uptake of affordable solar PV panels challenges the way in which costs of distribution networks are recuperated from consumers. Historically, consumers were charged for the use of the distribution network mainly according to their (net) volume of electricity consumed over a period of time. With such volumetric network charges, consumers installing PV panels contribute a lot less towards the recuperation of network costs. However, these consumers (prosumers) still rely on the network as much as they did before. The question investigated in this thesis is how to re-design the distribution network tariff in this changing context. Different game-theoretical models are developed to conduct this analysis. In the models, not only investments in solar PV but also investments in batteries at the consumer-side are considered. The thesis consists of a brief overview followed by four standalone chapters and a conclusion.La diffusion des panneaux solaires photovoltaïques à prix abordables nous amène à repenser à la manière avec laquelle les coûts des réseaux de distribution sont récupérés auprès des consommateurs. Historiquement, les consommateurs étaient facturés pour l'utilisation du réseau de distribution principalement sur la base de leur volume (net) d'électricité consommé. Avec tel type de tarif de réseau, les consommateurs qui installent des panneaux photovoltaïques contribuent beaucoup moins à la récupération du coût d’investissement réseau. Cependant, ces consommateurs (prosummeurs) dépendent autant du réseau qu’avant. La question examinée dans cette thèse est de savoir comment définir le tarif du réseau de distribution dans ce contexte changeant. Des différents modèles de théorie des jeux sont développés pour faire cette analyse. Dans ces modèles, en plus des investissements dans l’énergie solaire photovoltaïque, des investissements dans les batteries du côté des consommateurs sont aussi considérés. Ce rapport de thèse consiste en un bref aperçu suivi de quatre chapitres indépendants et d'une conclusion
The impact of stochastic variability in insolation and capital cost of batteries on optimal microgrid design
Full text linkMaster in the Electric Power IndustryIn this research the impact of solar irradiation variability and battery prices on costoptimal
distributed energy resource (DER) investments is analyzed. A novel methodology
is proposed to capture the impact on power demand charges caused by moving
clouds in microgrids where photovoltaic (PV) arrays, electrochemical energy storage and
generators are considered. This is done using a statistical approach to decouple accounting
of energy and power demand economics, and allows events of di erent time lengths
to be simultaneously analyzed. The methodology is implemented in the Distributed
Energy Resources Customer Adoption Model (DER-CAM), and four case studies are
performed.
In DER-CAM, a state of the art mixed integer linear model used to nd cost- and CO2-
optimal DER portfolios of energy supply in decentralized energy systems, PV output is
calculated using monthly average-hourly solar irradiation data. This approach fails to
capture the e ect of fast moving clouds and may sometimes lead to inaccurate results.
The methodology introduced in this work estimates the variability of PV output and
the resulting impact on power demand charges for di erent con dence levels taking
into account that existing energy storage may o set drops in PV output if su ciently
charged, or that fast-ramping generator units may also be used for the same purpose.
This formulation is embedded in the investment decision process, and is re
ected in the
optimal DER portfolio provided by DER-CAM.
Results obtained in the case studies suggest that in previous DER-CAM formulations
the optimal capacity of PV was overestimated in cases where storage capacity was not
su cient to compensate for drops in PV output. Also it was found that the optimal
capacity of on-site generators might have been slightly underestimated in some cases.
The new model formulation depicts the economic value of PV more accurately while
e ectively capturing the synergic economic bene ts of PV paired with electric storage
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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