60 research outputs found
Adaptation as a Strategic Issue in the Climate Negotiations. CEPS ECP Reports. No. 3, 9 November 2006.
No full textThis report examines the challenge of adequately addressing adaptation to climate change impacts in developing counties by means of international collaboration, and the reasons why it is in the interest of industrialised countries, including the EU, to do so. This is a topic that has been gaining prominence on the agenda of the international climate change negotiations under the auspices of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) as well as in other international forums. After analysing different approaches to the problem of adapting to climate change and reviewing current efforts to adapt to climate change, the report puts forward a range of options. The lead author, Sivan Kartha is Senior Scientist at the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI). Preety Bhandari is a researcher at The Energy & Resource Institute (TERI), New Delhi. Louise Van Schaik is a Fellow at the Netherlands Institute of International Relations 'Clingendael' in The Hague. Deborah Cornland is Director of the Climate Change Policy Research Programme (CLIPORE) at the Swedish foundation MISTRA. And Bo Kjellén is Senior Research Fellow at the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI)
Who Was Egeria? Piety and Pilgrimage in the Age of Gratian
No full textIt has been customary to identify the author of theItinerarium Egeriae (It. Eg.)as a nun or a “grande dame” from one of the western provinces of the later Roman empire—Spain, Gaul, or even Italy. Yet, a reexamination of the evidence suggests the possibility of a different solution regarding not only the author's religious affiliation and status in society but also her geographical origin. The newly proposed identification is linked with major developments of Christianity in the West, in particular with its spread within urban milieux and with the receptivity of contemporary society to the idea of pilgrimage.</jats:p
Effective Electron Temperature Measurement Using Time-Resolved Anti-Stokes Photoluminescence
No full textAnti-Stokes photoluminescence of metal nanoparticles, in which emitted photons have a higher energy than the incident photons, is an indicator of the temperature prevalent within a nanoparticle. Previous work has shown how to extract the temperature from a gold nanoparticle under continuous-wave monochromatic illumination. We extend the technique to pulsed illumination and introduce pump-probe anti-Stokes spectroscopy. This new technique enables us not only to measure an effective electron temperature in a gold nanoparticle (∼103 K under our conditions), but also to measure ultrafast dynamics of a pulse-excited electron population, through its effect on the photoluminescence, with subpicosecond time resolution. We measure the heating and cooling, all within picoseconds, of the electrons and find that, with our subpicosecond pulses, the highest apparent temperature is reached 0.6 ps before the maximum change in magnitude of the extinction signal.QN/Kuipers La
- …
