1,720,958 research outputs found
Targeting metabolic abnormalities in mental health prevention strategies
No full textPeople with severe mental disorders (SMI) have a shorter life expectancy of 10–20 years than the general population, mainly due to physical comorbidities, predominantly cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Patient lifestyle-related risk factors (e.g., smoking, alcohol abuse, lack of physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet) as well as the use of antipsychotics and antidepressants are likely to be involved. Furthermore, recent evidence shows that cardio-metabolic alterations are present at the beginning of psychosis and major depressive disorder, are probably related to the disease, and worsen with drugs, especially if taken for a long time. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to develop and implement strategies that can prevent and address the problem of physical comorbidity in mental disorders, and it is also essential to raise awareness among health professionals about these insidious and life-threatening conditions. The interventions that can be implemented are both pharmacological and non-pharmacological and can be applied to prevent the development of cardio-metabolic diseases or to reduce their effects in those who have already manifested alterations. The most effective interventions will be presented in the chapter. Despite the evidence that various interventions (e.g., improving physical activity) work and different editorials have required action, “lifestyle interventions” are still limited in routine clinical care
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Environmental risk factors for schizophrenia spectrum disorders around the globe: a mapping review of the literature
Full text linkAbstract
Aims
There is a substantial body of literature on environmental risk associated with schizophrenia. Most research has largely been conducted in Europe and North America, with little representation of the rest of the world; hence generalisability of findings is questionable. For this reason, we performed a mapping review of studies on environmental risk for schizophrenia spectrum disorders, recording the country where they were conducted, and we linked our findings with publicly available data to identify correlates with the uneven global distribution. Our aim was to evaluate how universal is the ‘common knowledge’ of environmental risk for psychosis collating the availability of evidence across different countries and to generate suggestions for future research identifying gaps in evidence.
Methods
We performed a systematic search and mapping of studies in the PubMed and PsycINFO electronic databases reporting on exposure to environmental risk for schizophrenia including obstetric complications, paternal age, migration, urbanicity, childhood trauma, and cannabis use and subsequent onset of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. This search focused on articles published from the date of the first available publication until 31 May 2023. We recorded the country where they were conducted. We downloaded publicly available data on population size, measures of wealth, medical provisions, research investment, and of quality research outputs per country and performed regression analyses of each predictor with the number of studies and recruited cases in each country.
Results
We identified 308 publications that included a sample size of 445,000 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The majority were conducted in northern Europe and North America, with large parts of the world totally unrepresented. In the associations between the number of environmental risk studies for schizophrenia with potential predictors, we found that neither population nor wealth or research investment were strong predictors of research outputs in the field. Interestingly, the stronger correlations were found for number of researchers per population and for indicators of top-end scientific achievements, such as number of Nobel laureates per country.
Conclusions
Our results demonstrate a gap of knowledge due to the underrepresentation of studies on environmental risk of schizophrenia spectrum disorders in large parts of the world. This has implications not only in the generalisability of any findings from research conducted in the Northern hemisphere but also in our ability to progress in efforts to make causal inferences about biological pathways to schizophrenia. These findings reinforce the need to focus research on populations that are underrepresented in research and underserved in health care
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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