1,720,969 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Engineering-based Quantification of Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics and Central Nervous System Tissue Dynamic Motion Using Non-invasive Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Type I Chiari Malformation
No full textChiari Type I Malformation (CMI) is a chronic central nervous system disease that is non- curatively treated with highly invasive brain surgery and has no standard metric to quantify successful surgery beyond symptom stabilization. The underlying CMI pathophysiology is not well understood, as the basis of this disease is physiologically tied to the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) but conflicting reports in literature have limited the use of CSF-based biomarkers for Chiari diagnosis and prognosis. The current standard for CMI diagnosis uses static morphometric measurements, which fail to relate to symptomology and therefore provide little basis for surgical outcome prediction and making appropriate surgical candidacy selection difficult. This research sought to address this issue of conflicting reports around CSF dynamics in CMI as well as work towards a better understanding of the underlying CMI pathophysiology.Our objective here was to address the need for improved neuroimaging CMI diagnostic practices by investigating current imaging modalities and underlying pathophysiology with clinically relevant neuroimaging techniques and advanced post-processing methods. With a specific focus on using clinically relevant research, we applied engineering principles taken from cardiac engineering and apply them to the brain for diagnostics and prognostics of CMI. First, to address the need for improved CSF dynamics measurement techniques, we quantified agreement, reproducibility, and repeatability of 4D Flow and 2D PC MRI measurements of CSF velocities at the craniovertebral junction using a CMI subject specific in vitro model. Next, we utilized modern MR imaging and post- processing techniques to quantify differences in cardiac-induced neural tissue motion with novel parameters to represent relative displacement between physiologically relevant regions of interest. We found an overall lack of reproducibility of PC MRI key measurements and dependent on the specific scanning machine used. With further research, machine-specific differences could be understood and potentially quantify these differences to develop a correctional calibration procedure. A standard calibration procedure could ensure results from any calibrated scanner are comparable to results from any other calibrated scanner. Our limited sample size showed preliminarily that neural tissue motion at the craniovertebral junction lacked statistically significant differences between patients and controls, neither before nor after posterior fossa decompression surgery. This finding is not supported nor rebuked by current literature regarding neural tissue motion in CMI, as reports are in great disagreement. There was some preliminary indication of a physiological relevance of relative neural tissue motion at craniovertebral junction. Relative neural tissue motion should be further studied with larger cohorts and imaging modalities with higher resolutions so that a biomarker could be defined that provides a better basis for surgical candidacy selection.masters, M.S., Biological & Agricultural Engineering -- University of Idaho - College of Graduate Studies, 2021-0
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Mechanical and Cellular Factors Regulating Tendon Development
No full textTendons are collagenous musculoskeletal tissues that transfer forces from muscle to bone to facilitate movement. Tendons are frequently injured, and the incidence of tendon injuries is increasing. They have limited intrinsic healing capacity, which results in poor healing and long-term loss of function. Additionally, there are few effective clinical treatments for restoring full function after a tendon injury. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine strategies using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been explored as a new way to treat tendon injuries. However, a major challenge is a limited understanding of the factors that direct tendon formation and the differentiation of stem cells toward the tendon lineage (e.g., tenogenesis). A deeper understanding of the factors influencing stem cell fate and the ability to precisely guide their differentiation are needed before stem cells can be used therapeutically in regenerative treatments for tendon injuries. To address this gap in knowledge, the overall goal of this dissertation is to explore the mechanical and cellular factors involved in tendon formation and tenogenic stem cell differentiation. To address this goal, functional formation of neonatal tendons was explored during the onset of locomotor activity to determine impacts of mechanical loading on tendon development. Unique features that distinguish the functional development of distinct tendon types were identified and related to mechanical stimulation. To explore cellular factors, MSCs were treated with a developmentally inspired biochemical, transforming growth factor (TGF)2, to induce tenogenesis. Tenogenesis in MSCs was found to regulate specific cell-cell junction proteins as well as proceed through novel signaling pathways. Overall, results of the studies contribute to our understanding of tendon development, with the ultimate objective of informing and improving regenerative therapies to treat tendon injury and disease.doctoral, Ph.D., Biological & Agricultural Engineering -- University of Idaho - College of Graduate Studies, 2020-0
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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