24,553 research outputs found
When artificial intelligence meets common sense, frictions will arise
No full textWe introduce this book in three steps. Firstly, there is a history to the encounter between AI and common sense. Common sense was presented from the very beginning in the 1950s as a key challenge for AI. This asks for a clarification of how we can understand “common sense” and whether the operationalisation of common sense in designed AI is exhausting this semantic field. Secondly, we examine the usage of the term “common sense” as part of the English vocabulary. This shows four common uses, a deep ambiguity of the adjective “common”, which in many languages other than English requires two expressions, and a particular historical trajectory of the phase 'in English since the 18th century. Finally, we preview the chapters of this volume which are ordered into four sections examining the cycle of normalisation, assimilation and accommodation of AI and CS
AI and common sense: ambitions and frictions
No full textCommon sense is the endless frontier in the development of artificial intelligence, but what exactly is common sense, can we replicate it in algorithmic form, and if we can – should we? Bauer, Schiele and their contributors from a range of disciplines analyse the nature of common sense, and the consequent challenges of incorporating into artificial intelligence models. They look at different ways we might understand common sense and which of these ways are simulated within computer algorithms. These include sensory integration, self-evident truths, rhetorical common places, and mutuality and intentionality of actors within a moral community. How far are these possible features within and of machines? Approaching from a range of perspectives including Sociology, Political Science, Media and Culture, Psychology and Computer Science, the contributors lay out key questions, practical challenges and "common sense" concerns underlying the incorporation of common sense within machine learning algorithms for simulating intelligence, socialising robots, self-driving vehicles, personnel selection, reading, automatic text analysis, and text production. A valuable resource for students and scholars of Science–Technology–Society Studies, Sociologists, Psychologists, Media and Culture Studies, human–computer interaction with an interest in the post-human, and programmers tackling the contextual questions of machine learning
AI goes to the movies: fast, intermediate and slow common sense
No full textCommon sense is largely tackled within AI as a set of abilities to solve problems in everyday surprising situations. This approach reduces the historical dynamic governing its constitution and transformations. As a social representation, the taken-for-granted and pre-reflexive abilities are made conscious and become changeable. Common sense is a coherent and dynamic symbolic apparatus, coherent, because it presents regularities, and dynamic because these regularities are adaptive to changing contexts. Historical common sense should be characterised as a floating signifier, giving continuity in change, and a chronology with duration and rhythm at three levels of sedimentation: the first, fast cycle of opinion, provokes frequent adjustments over a single lifetime; the second, slower, acts upon structures, provoking at best one to two adjustments of attitudes over a single lifetime; the third, very slow, long precedes and long continues individual lifetimes as mentalities, and thus appears as an immutable bedrock of value and thematic convictions. By examining the challenges of common sense to AI, and vice versa, we can highlight the current transformations of common sense which are characterised by “presentism”, thus bearing witness to the recomposition of the modern sense of time and, therefore, of our common sense
AI with common sense: what concept of common sense?
No full textCommon sense is a theme that is present from the very beginning of artificial intelligence (AI); it was claimed already in 1958 that a particular computer program displayed ‘“common sense’”. However, what is ‘“common sense’” (CS), we must ask? This chapter lists and seeks to clarify eight different concepts of ‘“common sense’”. These historically derive from three historical types: Aristotle's ‘“koine aisthesis’” of sensory integration, the ‘“natural reasoning’” of the Scottish Enlightenment, and Vico's ‘“‘‘un-reflected moral community’’” which is both universal and culturally distinct. We also capture the tension of positioning CS in a vertical hierarchy or on a horizontal continuum of different forms of knowing. Being aware of different concepts of CS will enable us to assess critically claims made as to AI with CS’”: which kind of CS is invoked
Jack Alive / Martin Dead : The Location of the "Author" in Jack London\u27s Martin Eden
No full textThis essay is an attempt to read Martin Eden, Jack Londonʼs autobiographical novel, in terms of the inextricable relationship between the author and the protagonist. Critics have often taken the unbalanced plot and the lack of ironic distance between narrator and character in Martin Eden as the technical weakness of London, but this paper argues that the achievement of this novel owes a great deal to the attachment of London to Martin. The unbalanced structure is a necessary product of the severe struggle of the author to kill his romantic alter ego. // Martin, who aspires to win Ruth Morse, tries to cross class boundaries by making a career of a writer. Even after realizing the emptiness of Ruth, who turns out to be nothing but a typical figure of the bourgeoisie, he somehow persists in loving her. The notion underlying here is that, for Martin, love, career and art are fundamentally inseparable. He objects to the aestheteʼs view of Brissenden on account of his separation of art from career. Martinʼs identity and life consist only in the triunity of love/career/art; the alternative is the repudiation of life. Thus, the unnatural delay of his disappointment in love can be regarded as Londonʼs strategy to set the suicide of Martin as the necessary consequence of the story. // By finishing the story and killing Martin, London finally detaches himself from Martin, reconstructs his self, and, unlike Martin, survives as a professional writer. In this sense, Martin Eden is a story about “writerʼs self-reconstruction.
Recommended from our members
Letter from Martin Chizzick
No full textCongratulations to Duane Pearsall for receiving the Enterpreneur of the Year award; note on the letter was written by Pearsall and it mentions that Martin, the author of the letter, died in a airplane accident
Robert Martin Tiffin's Mystery Man Newspaper Articles
No full textAdvertiser-Tribune newspaper clippings featuring a story about Robert Martin (written by Nancy Kleinhenz), a local author from Tiffin (Ohio) who wrote under the pseudonym of Lee Roberts, and two of his short stories. Martin wrote mystery novels in his spare time, creating more than 22 mystery novels. For more information about Robert Martin and a list of books go to http://www.mysteryfile.com/RMartin/JBennett.html
Experiences Using Large Scale Video Walls for Distance Education
No full textWe describe our experiences building and using the Rutgers Videowall, a low-cost telepresence system that has been used teaching 15 courses and colloquia. By relaxing typical spatial telepresence features, such as background continuity, we greatly reduced costs and gained flexibility in the rooms it could be deployed in. The lower costs and room flexibility enabled academic departments to use the wall, in contrast to traditional telepresence systems which remained inaccessible. We found that the Videowall’s spatial distortions did not have a significant impact on useability, as our initial survey results show that students had an overall positive experience.Technical report DCS-tr-72
Hans Martin Schwarz Collection 1934 - 1938
No full textThis collection contains clippings of articles by Hans Martin Schwarz (1917, Hamburg – 2006, New York, better known as Martin Ebon), published between 1934 and 1938 in German-Jewish newspapers on a wide variety of subjects such as sports, emigration, the political situation in Germany, and religious attitudes of the young. It also contains reviews of his books "Einer wie Du und Ich" and "Heiteres, Besinnliches, Nachdenkliches."digitizedHans Martin Schwarz (1917, Hamburg – 2006, New York, better known as Martin Ebon), was a journalist and author. In Germany during the 1930s, he published in a variety of German-Jewish periodicals, primarily the Israelitisches Familienblatt. After immigrating to the United States in 1938, he changed his name to Martin Ebon, and published dozens of books in the areas of world affairs and parapsychology.Processe
- …
