1,721,129 research outputs found
History, status, and recent trends of the testing and test control notation version 3 (TTCN-3)
No full textThis overview article presents the Testing and Test Control Notation (TTCN-3) success story and serves as an introduction to this Special Section that contains five articles selected from the TTCN-3 user conference in 2011. The article sketches the development of TTCN-3 from its very beginning. It summarizes the current status of the language by reviewing its standardization process, available test suites, tools, and services as well as its training program. In addition, the article puts the articles selected for this Special Section into perspective, with regard to the evolution of TTCN-3 and the testing methodology in general. Last but not least, it discusses indicators for possible future developments of TTCN-3
Consistency of Task Trees Generated from Website Usage Traces
No full textTask trees are an established method for modeling the usage of a website as required to accomplish user tasks. They define the necessary actions and the order in which users need to perform them to reach a certain goal. Modeling task trees manually can be a laborious task, especially if a website is rather complex. In previous work, we presented a methodology for automatically generating task trees based on recorded user actions on a website. We did not verify, if the approach generates similar results for different recordings of the same website. Only if this is given, the task trees can be the basis for a subsequent analysis of the usage of a website, e.g., a usability analysis. In this paper, we evaluate our approach in this respect. For this, we generated task trees for different sets of recorded user actions of the same website and compared the resulting task trees. Our results show, that the generated task trees are consistent but that the level of consistency depends on the type of website or the ratio of possible to recorded actions on a website
Model-Driven Testing - Using the UML Testing Profile
No full textWritten by the original members of an industry standardization group, this book shows you how to use UML to test complex software systems. It is the definitive reference for the only UML-based test specification language, written by the creators of that language. It is supported by an Internet site that provides information on the latest tools and uses of the profile. The authors introduce UTP step-by-step, using a case study that illustrates how UTP can be used for test modeling and test specification. You’ll learn how UTP concepts can be used for functional and non-functional testing, with example applications and best practices for user-interfaces and service oriented architectures. Model-driven development has become the most important new paradigm in software development and has already demonstrated considerable impact in reducing time to market and improving product quality. However, the development of high-quality systems not only requires systematic development processes but also systematic test processes. This book is about systematic, model-driven test processes in the context of UML
Model-Driven Testing - Using the UML Testing Profile
No full textWritten by the original members of an industry standardization group, this book shows you how to use UML to test complex software systems. It is the definitive reference for the only UML-based test specification language, written by the creators of that language. It is supported by an Internet site that provides information on the latest tools and uses of the profile. The authors introduce UTP step-by-step, using a case study that illustrates how UTP can be used for test modeling and test specification. You’ll learn how UTP concepts can be used for functional and non-functional testing, with example applications and best practices for user-interfaces and service oriented architectures. Model-driven development has become the most important new paradigm in software development and has already demonstrated considerable impact in reducing time to market and improving product quality. However, the development of high-quality systems not only requires systematic development processes but also systematic test processes. This book is about systematic, model-driven test processes in the context of UML
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
On-Demand Monitoring: Ein Monitoring-Paradigma für den Netzverkehr in multifunktionalen selbstverwaltenden IKT-Netzen
No full textTraffic monitoring in information and telecommunication networks continues to experience a lot of research as it increasingly plays a very significant role in implementing emerging and future networks that self-adapt to changes in their usage context as well as to challenging adverse conditions experienced by the network elements. Self-managing networks call for research on the key design and operational principles for traffic monitoring components and platforms that are suitable for multi-service self-managing networks. A self-managing network is one whose network elements and network management systems work co-operatively to perform so-called self-* operations, such as self-configuration, self-diagnosing, self-repairing, self-optimization, all aimed at eliminating or drastically reducing human intervention in the complex aspects of manual and error prone, or daunting tasks of network management. In contrast to today's non-self-managing networks, self-managing networks require more computing resources for the computation of decisions taken by individual network elements and by the entire network under adverse conditions or context changes, based on large and diverse information sets collected by monitoring components. In self-managing networks, depending on the network dynamics, a lot more information exchange than in non-self-managing networks may be required to flow between the network elements e.g. routers, hosts, or switches. Information has to flow between the elements and the manager components that aggregate global network state information, compute and perform more sophisticated decisions for the entire network and, communicate control information to the network elements for global self-adaptation behaviour of the whole network. More storage resources are required than in non-self-managing networks, for the storage of the network state information including historical network state data. Therefore, they require intelligent and opportunistic use and sharing of resources available at individual network elements as well as in the entire network. Flexibility to support context-driven (re-)configuration and self-adaptation of the network tasks, is also required. To guarantee intelligent and opportunistic use and sharing of resources of the network, as well as context-driven (re-)configuration and self-adaptation of network tasks, we propose to design functions and components of the individual network elements and the overall network such that their operational principles allow functions, including monitoring functions, to be invoked on-demand by automated tasks that drive a self-managing network. The dissertation presents the on-demand monitoring paradigm (ODM), a monitoring paradigm we researched and demonstrated its suitability for collecting information in self-managing networks dynamically as needed. The ODM-Paradigm takes into account the need to use network resources intelligently and opportunistically throughout the network, as well as the need for monitoring components to self-describe their monitoring capabilities to the network. Self-description of capabilities enables automated tasks to locate and select a monitoring component of desired capabilities (on-demand), trigger monitoring functions and manage their execution, and free resources on the targeted component whenever monitoring is temporarily not required or no longer required by an automated task(s). Artefacts developed are: a mathematical foundation upon which ODM is based; design and operational principles that enable a traffic monitoring component to realize ODM; principles that enable the component to self-describe its capabilities and point of attachment to the network, to enable network tasks to request monitoring on desired components; a language for describing capabilities; a composition language for specifying requested monitoring-behaviours; the concept of on-demand SNMPMIBs for dynamic monitoring data models; admission-control on monitoring-requests; a mapping of ODM within the GANA (Generic Autonomic Network Architecture) reference model. To demonstrate the feasibility of the approach, an ODM-capable probe that serves as proof of concept was developed. Evaluations of metrics associated with ODM were conducted. A methodology was developed on how to measure and use estimations of dynamics of resource demands on a system, in queuing and processing monitoring-requests, and tuning the admission control behavior of an ODM-capable component. Example network tasks that demonstrate applicability of ODM were provided. Arguments are presented on how intelligent and opportunistic use of resources is achievable when traffic monitoring components are ODM-capable. The evaluations and case study with on-demand SNMP MIBs show that ODM can be feasibly implemented and applied in practice.Dem Bereich des Traffic-Monitoring in IT- und Telekommunikations-Netzen kommt in der Forschung große Bedeutung zu, denn es spielt eine immer wichtigere Rolle bei der Entwicklung moderner Netze, die sich selbst konfigurieren und an Veränderungen in ihrer Nutzungsumgebung sowie an sich ändernde Bedingungen der Netzelemente anpassen können. Im Bereich der selbstverwaltenden IKT-Netze besteht Forschungsbedarf hinsichtlich des grundlegenden Entwurfs sowie der Funktionsprinzipien von Traffic-Monitoring-Komponenten und geeigneten Plattformen für multifunktionale selbstverwaltende IKT-Netze. In einem selbstverwaltenden IKT-Netz arbeiten die Netzelemente und Netz-Management-Systeme kooperativ zusammen, um selbstgesteuerte Prozesse wie Selbstkonfiguration und Selbstmanagement zu bewerkstelligen. Dies geschieht mit dem Ziel, den menschlichen Eingriff überflüssig und damit die Fehleranfälligkeit in einigen komplexeren Aspekten des Netzmanagements hinfällig zu machen bzw. zu minimieren. Im Gegensatz zu nicht selbstverwaltenden IKT-Netzen beanspruchen selbstverwaltende Netze eine höhere Rechnerleistung für die Berechnung von Entscheidungen, welche ein individuelles Netzelement oder das Netz als Ganzes in schwierigen Situationen oder bei Umgebungsveränderungen zu treffen hat. Dies geschieht auf der Basis großer, heterogener Datenmengen, die von den Monitoring-Komponenten gesammelt werden. In selbstverwaltenden Netzen findet unter Umständen ein höherer Informationsaustausch zwischen den Netzelementen (Routern, Hosts, Switches) statt als in nicht selbstverwaltenden Netzen. Um ein globales Selbstadaptionsverhalten des gesamten Netzes zu ermöglichen, müssen Informationen zwischen den Elementen und den Komponenten fließen, die die Daten für den globalen Netzstatus kumulieren, differenzierte Entscheidungen für das Netz berechnen und Monitoring-Informationen an die Netzelemente übermitteln. Es wird eine höhere Speicherkapazität als in nicht selbstverwaltenden Netzen benötigt, um die Statusinformationen des Netzes einschließlich historischer Statusinformationen zu speichern. Deshalb benötigen sie die intelligente und opportunistische Verwendung und Freigabe der verfügbaren Ressourcen der einzelnen Netzelemente wie auch des gesamten Netzes. Auch Flexibilität in Bezug auf die umgebungsabhängige Selbstadaptation der Netz-Funktionen wird erwartet. Um die intelligente und opportunistische Verwendung und Freigabe von Netzressourcen sowie die Selbstadaptation von Netz-Funktionen zu gewährleisten, wird vorgeschlagen, die Netzelemente in ihrem Funktionsablauf so zu konzipieren, dass sie unter anderem den bedarfsorientieren Abruf von Monitoring-Funktionen ermöglichen. Die Dissertation stellt ein bedarfsgesteuertes (on-demand) Monitoring-Paradigma (ODM) vor, dessen Eignung für die dynamische Informationserfassung in selbstverwaltenden Netzen untersucht und demonstriert wird. ODM berücksichtigt die Notwendigkeit, Netzressourcen im gesamten Netz intelligent und opportunistisch einzusetzen, wie auch die, dass Monitoring-Komponenten in der Lage sein müssen, ihre Monitoring-Fähigkeit im Netz selbst zu beschreiben. Die Fähigkeit der Selbstbeschreibung ermöglicht es, dass automatische Tasks eine Monitoring-Komponente mit den gewünschten Kapazitäten bedarfsgesteuert ansteuern, einen Monitoring-Prozess auslösen, die Durchführung dieser Prozesse steuern; Ressourcen der angesteuerten Komponente freigeben, wenn das Monitoring nicht mehr benötigt ist. Die in der Dissertation entwickelten Ergebnisse umfassen: eine mathematische Basis für ODM; Entwurf und Funktionsprinzipien des ODM-Paradigmas; Prinzipien, die einer Komponente Selbstbeschreibungsfähigkeit in Bezug auf Funktionsvermögen und Netzanbindung zuweisen, um so Netz-Funktionen zu ermöglichen, die ein Monitoring an gewünschten Komponenten ermöglichen; eine Sprache zur Beschreibung des Funktionsvermögens; eine Sprache zur Beschreibung des erwünschten Monitoring-Verhaltens; das Konzept des SNMPMIBs für dynamische Monitoring-Datenmodelle; eine Zugriffskontrolle für Monitoring-Anfragen und eine Realisierung des ODM-Paradigmas im Rahmen des GANA-Referenzmodells (Generic Autonomic Network Architecture). Ein ODM-Prototyp dient als Nachweis des grundlegenden Konzepts. Zudem wurden ODM-Metriken berechnet. Dazu wurde eine Methodologie zur Verwendung von Schätzungen zur Ressourcenanforderung hinsichtlich des Warteschlangenverhaltens und der Bearbeitung von Monitoring-Anfragen sowie zur Optimierung der Zulassungskontrolle einer ODM-Komponente entwickelt. Es wurden Beispiele für Netz-Funktionen entwickelt, die den Einsatz und die Anwendbarkeit von ODM demonstrieren. Es werden Vorschläge zur intelligenten und opportunistischen Verwendung von Ressourcen bei ODM-fähigen Traffic-Monitoring-Komponenten erarbeitet. Die Berechnungen und Fallbeispiele mit bedarfsgesteuerten SNMP MIBs verdeutlichen, dass ODM implementierbar und praxistauglich ist
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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