1,720,953 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Schwangerschaftsbezogene Veränderungen auf den weiblichen Körper als Prognosefaktoren bei Patientinnen mit Mammakarzinom
Full text linkBackground and aims: Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women and is also responsible for the majority of deaths from cancer. Each woman has an individual lifetime risk to disease with breast cancer. This lifetime risk is dependent on several individual risk factors. The number of full-term pregnancies is a known risk factor for breast cancer. The risk for breast cancer decreases with an increasing number of pregnancies. Pregnancy leads to both, changes in nearly all organ system and to a process in breast cancer tissue that makes it less sensitive to carcinogens. Because of the association between the number of full-term pregnancies and a reduced breast cancer risk an influence of the number of pregnancies on the prognosis of breast cancer could be hypothesized. Aim of this study was to examine whether the number of full-term pregnancies influences a woman’s breast cancer prognosis, especially whether it influences the overall survival, the disease free survival and the distant disease free survival. Patients and methods: In a retrospective study data from 3426 breast cancer patients were collected regarding the overall survival, the disease free survival and the distant disease free survival. Follow up period was ten years. Patient characteristics like age and number of full-term pregnancies as well as the histopathological features like tumor size, lymph node status, grading, hormone receptor status and HER2/neu-status were obtained from the patients’ files. On the one hand, the association between the number of pregnancies and patients’ characteristics and, on the other hand, the association between the number of pregnancies and histopathological features were examined. Moreover, the influence of the number of pregnancies on overall survival, disease free survival and distant disease free survival was examined. Regarding the distant disease free survival a multivariate survival analysis was performed by a cox proportional hazards model. Results: An association was found between the number of full-term pregancies and both, age and lymph node status (age: p<0,001; pN: p=0,048). With an increasing number of pregnancies the number of lymph node-positive tumors increases: 33,8% in nulligravidae vs. 40,7% in women with more than two pregnancies. Distant disease free survival was influenced by the number of pregnancies as well. Compared to nulligravidae, women with more than two pregnancies have a 1.5fold increased risk for a distant recurrence (HR 1,485; 95% CI 1,042-2,175). In nodal positive patients the risk for developing a metastasis was increased by 18% with each pregnancy (OR 1,18; 95% CI 1,03-1,35; p=0,02). In women who have an estrogen receptor positive tumor the risk for a distant disease was increased by 13% with each pregnancy (OR 1,13; 95% CI 1,02-1,25; p=0,01). Conclusions: In this study the influence of the number of full-term pregnancies on the prognosis after a breast cancer diagnosis could be demonstrated. Therefore number of pregnancies is not only a risk factor but is also of prognostic value. Aim of future studies should be the identification of patients with a high risk and a poor prognosis by further risk factors to be able to treat them adequately in an early stage of breast cancer disease and furthermore to enable an individualized prevention of breast cancer.Hintergrund und Ziele: Das Mammakarzinom stellt nach wie vor die häufigste Krebserkrankung der Frau dar und ist ebenfalls für die Mehrheit der Krebstodesfälle verantwortlich. Das individuelle Risiko, an einem Mammakarzinom zu erkranken, wird durch verschiedene Risikofaktoren beeinflusst. Auch die Anzahl der Schwangerschaften ist ein Risikofaktor für eine Brustkrebserkrankung. Mit steigender Anzahl der ausgetragenen Schwangerschaften sinkt das Erkrankungsrisiko. Die Schwangerschaft führt neben Veränderungen in nahezu allen Organsystemen zu Prozessen im Brustgewebe, die es unempfindlicher gegenüber karzinogenen Einflüssen zu machen scheinen. Auf Grund der Assoziation zwischen der Schwangerschaftsanzahl und einem reduzierten Brustkrebsrisiko könnte man auch einen Einfluss der Anzahl der Schwangerschaften auf die Prognose nach dem Auftreten eines Mammakarzinoms postulieren. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, zu untersuchen, ob die Anzahl der Schwangerschaften einer Frau ihre Prognose beim Mammakarzinom, und insbesondere das Gesamtüberleben, das lokalrezidivfreie Überleben und das fernmetastasenfreie Überleben, beeinflusst. Patientinnen und Methoden: In einer retrospektiven Studie wurden Daten im Bezug auf das Gesamtüberleben, das lokalrezidivfreie Überleben und das fernmetastasenfreie Überleben von insgesamt 3426 Brustkrebspatientinnen erhoben. Der Beobachtungszeitraum betrug zehn Jahre. Allgemeine Patientencharakteristika wie Alter und Anzahl der Schwangerschaften sowie tumorbiologische Eigenschaften wie Tumorgröße, Lymphknotenstatus, Grading, Hormonrezeptor- und HER2/neu-Status wurden der Krankenakte entnommen. Die Assoziation von Schwangerschaftsanzahl zu allgemeinen Patientencharakteristika einerseits und zu tumorbiologischen Eigenschaften andererseits wurde mittels Chi-Quadrat-Test untersucht. Ebenso wurde der Einfluss der Schwangerschaftsanzahl auf das Gesamtüberleben, das lokalrezidivfreie Überleben und das fernmetastasenfreie Überleben untersucht. Mit einem Cox proportional Hazards Modell wurde eine multivariate Überlebensanalyse im Bezug auf das fernmetastasenfreie Überleben durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Für die Anzahl der Schwangerschaften ergab sich eine Assoziation sowohl mit dem Alter als auch mit dem Lymphknotenstatus (Alter: p<0,001; pN: p=0,048). Mit der Schwangerschaftsanzahl steigt die Anzahl der nodalpositiven Mammakarzinome: 33,8% bei Nulligravidae vs. 40,7% bei Frauen mit mehr als zwei Schwangerschaften. Bezüglich des Gesamtüberlebens (p=0,397) und des lokalrezidivfreien Überlebens (p=0,622) zeigte sich kein Zusammenhang mit der Anzahl der Schwangerschaften. Allerdings hat die Anzahl der Schwangerschaften einen Einfluss auf das fernmetastasenfreie Überleben. Im Vergleich zu Nulligravidae haben Frauen mit mehr als zwei Schwangerschaften ein etwa 1,5fach erhöhtes Risiko, Fernmetastasen zu entwickeln (HR 1,485; 95% CI 1,014-2,175; p=0,042). Insbesondere für nodalnegative Patientinnen erhöht sich das Risiko für Fernmetastasen pro Schwangerschaft um 18% (OR 1,18; 95% CI 1,03-1,35; p=0,02), für Patientinnen mit einem östrogen-rezeptorpositiven Mammakarzinom um 13% (OR 1,13; 95% CI 1,02-1,25; p=0,01). Praktische Schlussfolgerungen: In dieser Studie konnte der Einfluss der Schwangerschaftsanzahl auf das fernmetastasenfreie Überleben nach der Diagnose eines Mammakarzinoms gezeigt werden. Die Anzahl der Schwangerschaften ist demnach nicht nur ein Risikofaktor für eine Brustkrebserkrankung, sondern hat auch eine prognostische Aussagekraft. Ziel zukünftiger Studien sollte es sein, mit Hilfe weiterer Risikofaktoren Frauen mit hohem Risiko und schlechter Prognose identifizieren zu können, um diese frühzeitig einer adäquaten Therapie zuzuführen und gegebenenfalls eine individualisierte Prävention durchzuführen
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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