1,721,883 research outputs found
FIGURES 3 in New and interesting species of sacculonotic Haplozetidae (Acari, Oribatida, Haplozetidae) from Indonesia
No full textFIGURES 3. Haplozetes bayartogtokhi sp. nov., adult: A—leg I, without trochanter, left, paraxial view; B—femur, genu and tibia of leg II, right, antiaxial view; C—trochanter, femur and genu of leg III, left, antiaxial view; D—leg IV, left, antiaxial view. Scale bar 20 μm.Published as part of Ermilov, Sergey G., Sandmann, Dorothee & Scheu, Stefan, 2019, New and interesting species of sacculonotic Haplozetidae (Acari, Oribatida, Haplozetidae) from Indonesia, pp. 459-474 in Zootaxa 4656 (3) on page 463, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4656.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/336900
Transformation tropischer Regenwälder in Sumatra, Indonesien: Einblicke in ein integriertes Forschungsprogramm und Perspektiven für ober- und unterirdische Nahrungsnetze
No full textDer Vortrag gibt einen Überblick über ein deutsch-indonesisches Forschungsprojekt (SFB 990/EFForTS), in dem ökologische und sozioökonomische Konsequenzen der Umwandlung tropischer Tieflandregenwälder in Kautschuk- und Ölpalmenplantagen in Sumatra, Indonesien, über einen Zeitraum von 12 Jahren untersucht werden. Vertiefend stellt der Vortrag Konsequenzen für die Struktur und Funktionsweise ober- und unterirdischen Nahrungsnetzes tropischer Ökosysteme vor
Climate change triggers effects of fungal pathogens and insect herbivores on litter decomposition
No full textIncreasing infestation by insect herbivores and pathogenic fungi in response to climate change will inevitably impact the amount and quality of leaf litter inputs into the soil. However, little is known on the interactive effect of infestation severity and climate change on litter decomposition, and no such study has been published for deciduous forests in Central Europe. We assessed changes in initial chemical quality of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and maple litter (Acer platanoides L) in response to infestation by the gall midge Mikiola fagi Hart. and the pathogenic fungus Sawadaea tulasnei Fuckel, respectively, and investigated interactive effects of infestation severity, changes in temperature and soil moisture on carbon mineralization in a short-term laboratory study. We found that infestation by the gall midge M. fagi and the pathogenic fungus S. tulasnei significantly changed the chemical quality of beech and maple litter. Changes in element concentrations were generally positive and more pronounced, and if negative less pronounced for maple than beech litter most likely due to high quality fungal tissue remaining on litter after abscission. More importantly, alterations in litter chemical quality did not translate to distinct patterns of carbon mineralization at ambient conditions, but even low amounts of infested litter accelerated carbon mineralization at moderately increased soil moisture and in particular at higher temperature. Our results indicate that insect herbivores and fungal pathogens can markedly alter initial litter chemical quality, but that afterlife effects on carbon mineralization depend on soil moisture and temperature, suggesting that increased infestation severity under projected climate change potentially increases soil carbon release in deciduous forests in Central Europe. (C) 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved
Reliability of isotopic fractionation (Delta N-15, Delta C-13) for the delimitation of trophic levels of oribatid mites: Diet strongly affects Delta C-13 but not Delta N-15
No full textStable isotope analysis has become an analytical tool of central importance in trophic ecology. The actual degree of isotopic fractionation, however, remains a black-box in most studies. Hence, mean values for trophic enrichment from other taxa are commonly used to delimitate trophic levels. On the other hand, resource composition as well as consumer physiology both influence fractionation patterns. Especially in soil food webs, high variability of isotopic fractionation has been found for both N-15 and C-13. Here, we investigate effects of diet on trophic enrichment in a no-choice feeding, experiment with the oribatid mite model species Archegozetes longisetosus and a set of fungal, animal, algal and plant resources (seeds and vegetative tissues). We found consistent trophic enrichment for nitrogen irrespective of diet (Delta N-15 = 3.9 parts per thousand), but no reliable fractionation for carbon being negative for fungi (Delta C-13 = 1.8 parts per thousand), neutral for algae, and positive for the remaining plant and animal resources (Delta C-13 = 2.3 parts per thousand). The results suggest that delta N-15 is a reliable marker for delimiting the trophic level of oribatid mites and presumably other soil detritivores, while understanding delta C-13 signals needs a priori knowledge about isotopic fractionation with respect to consumed resources. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd
Figure 9 in A new species of the genus Lasioseius (Acari: Blattisociidae) inhabiting litter of secondary rainforest in Sumatra, Indonesia
No full textFigure 9 Lasioseius orangrimbaen. sp., adult male: a – Chelicera (antiaxial view); b – Gnathotectum.Published as part of Quintero-Gutiérrez, Edwin Javier, Sandmann, Dorothee, Cómbita-Heredia, Orlando, Klarner, Bernhard, Widyastuti, Rahayu & Scheu, Stefan, 2020, A new species of the genus Lasioseius (Acari: Blattisociidae) inhabiting litter of secondary rainforest in Sumatra, Indonesia, pp. 338-352 in Acarologia 60 (2) on page 349, DOI: 10.24349/acarologia/20204371, http://zenodo.org/record/448782
Incorporation of C-13 labelled glucose into soil microorganisms of grassland: Effects of fertilizer addition and plant functional group composition
No full textIn permanent grassland the influence of NPK fertilizer addition and sward composition (proportion of plant functional groups) on soil microorganisms and the incorporation of C-13 labelled glucose into microbial tissue were studied for 52 weeks. Microbial biomass was analysed by chloroform fumigation -extraction (CFE), soil microbial community structure by phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and incorporation of labelled glucose into microorganisms by gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS). C-13 incorporation into PLFA biomarkers suggested that after two and six weeks fungi most efficiently captured glucose C compared to later sampling dates, whereas in bacteria it remained at a similar level for 52 weeks, suggesting that microbial residues are processed predominantly by bacteria not by fungi. Further the fungal-to-bacterial atom percent excess ratio of PLFA concentrations after two and six weeks exceeded one, indicating that in relative terms initially fungi are more efficient in capturing low molecular weight C compounds entering the soil in pulses than bacteria. NPK fertilizer decreased soil microbial biomass and changed microbial community structure but did not affect the fungal-to-bacterial PLFA ratio. In fertilized swards the fungal-to-bacterial C-13 ratio increased, while bacterial C-13 incorporation remained at the same level, suggesting that NPK fertilizer addition increases the efficiency of resource capture by fungi. Sward composition little affected microbial community composition and glucose C incorporation. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Ministry of Science and Culture of Lower Saxony; Niedersachsisches Vora
Linking aquatic and terrestrial food webs - Odonata in boreal systems
No full text1. It is increasingly realised that aquatic and terrestrial systems are closely linked. We investigated stable isotope variations in Odonata species, putative prey and basal resources of aquatic and terrestrial systems of northern Mongolia during summer. 2. In permanent ponds, delta 13C values of Odonata larvae were distinctly lower than those of putative prey, suggesting that body tissue comprised largely of carbon originating from isotopically light carbon sources. Presumably, prey consumed during autumn and winter when carbon is internally recycled and/or methanotrophic bacteria form an important basal resource of the food web. In contrast, in a temporary pond, delta 13C values of Odonata larvae were similar to those of putative prey, indicating that their body carbon originated mainly from prey species present. 3. Changes in delta 15N and delta 13C values between larvae and adults were species specific and reflected differential replacement of the larval isotopic signature by the terrestrial diet of adult Odonata. The replacement was more pronounced in Odonata species of permanent ponds than in those of the temporary pond, where larvae hatched later in the year. Replacement of larval carbon varied between tissues, with wings representing the larval isotopic signature whereas thoracic muscles and eggs reflected the delta 15N and delta 13C values of the terrestrial diet of adults. 4. The results suggest that because of their long larval development, Odonata species of permanent ponds carry the larval signature, which is partly replaced during their terrestrial life. Terrestrial prey forms the basis for egg production and thus the next generation of aquatic larvae. In temporary ponds, in contrast, Odonata species rely on prey from a single season, engage in a prolonged aquatic phase and hatch later, leaving less time to acquire terrestrial prey resources for offspring production. Stable isotope analysis provided important insights into the food webs of the waterbodies and their relationship to the terrestrial system
Response of soil microbial communities to mixed forests of European beech and conifers: Variations with site conditions
No full textResponse of soil microbial communities to mixed beech-conifer forests varies with site conditions
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