1,720,953 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Der Einfluss der Zytoadhäsion von mit P. falciparum infizierten Erythroyten auf humane Lungenendothelzellen
Get PDFMalaria ist eine der relevantesten Infektionskrankheiten weltweit und Plasmodium falciparum ist ihr wichtigster Erreger. P. falciparum Malaria verursacht hohe Sterblichkeitsraten, besonders in Risikogruppen wie Schwangere und Kleinkinder. P. falciparum kann dem Immunsystem ausweichen und an Endothelzellen in wichtigen Organen binden und in die Zellen sequestrieren. In den Lungen kann der Parasit ein Lungenödem und ein akutes Atemnotsyndrom verursachen. Die Bindung von infizierten Erythrozyten an Endothelzellen wird durch einen Parasitenliganden und seinen humanen Endothelrezeptor vermittelt. Der wichtigste bisher erforschte parasitäre Ligand ist PfEMPF1, welcher von der var Genfamilie kodiert wird. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass P. falciparum in der Lage ist einen Antigenwechsel zu einem einzigen exprimierten var Gen durchzuführen, um auf diese Weise dem Immunsystem zu entkommen und die Bindung mittels PfEMP1 anzupassen. Wichtige dazu passende humane Gewebsrezeptoren sind unter anderem ICAM-1, CD36 und EPCR. Die Blutgefäße und das Lungengewebe reagieren auf die Infektion mit einer Aktivierung des Immunsystems, einer gestörten Homöostase und einer endothelialen Dysfunktion. Die hier präsentierte Studie strebt ein besseres Verständnis über die Wirkung der Zytoadhäsion von mit P. falciparum infizierten Erythrozyten an humanen Lungenendothelzellen an. Hierfür wurden drei Versuchsschritte durchgeführt: Als Erstes wurden mit P. falciparum infizierte Erythrozyten über HULEC-5a und HMVEC-L angereichert und deren Transkriptom auf einen Antigenwechsel des var Gens hin untersucht. Für die HULEC-5a Zellreihe waren die Ergebnisse nicht aussagekräftig. Bei der HMVEC-L Zellreihe zeigten sich fünf var Gene in ihrer Expression signifikant erhöht. Als Zweites wurden HMVEC-L gemeinsam mit infizierten Erythrozyten für vier bzw. acht Stunden inkubiert und anschließend deren isolierte RNA sequenziert, um Veränderungen in den Genexpressionslevels zu untersuchen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten veränderte Expressionslevels für viele Gene und eine Immunsystemaktivierung deutete sich durch erhöhte Expressionen von EGR1 und HMOX1 an. Allerdings wurden relevante Genfamilien wie Interleukine, ICAMs, TNFSFs, CXCLs, NFκBs und EPOR durch die gemeinsame Inkubation nicht signifikant stimuliert. Als Drittes wurden HMVEC-L mit TNF stimuliert und die exprimierten Rezeptoren mittels FACS identifiziert. Hier zeigten die Ergebnisse einerseits eine hohe Anzahl von ICAM-1, was ein möglicher Ligand bei Entzündungsprozessen in den Lungen ist und andererseits auch eine hohe Anzahl von CSA, was möglicherweise ein protektiver Faktor für die Lunge ist. Abschließend betrachtet erscheint der Versuchsaufbau erfolgreich, wobei einige Ergebnisse nicht beweiskräftig waren. Die Experimente sollten mit Zellen von einem anderen Spender wiederholt werden, um so die hier präsentierten Ergebnisse zu überprüfen und die wichtige Erforschung des Pathomechanismus von Malaria in der Lunge fortzusetzen.Malaria is one of the most relevant infectious diseases around the world and P. falciparum is its most relevant causing parasite with high mortality rates especially in risk groups such as pregnant women and young children. P. falciparum has the skillset to evade the immune system and to cytoadhere and to sequester in endothelial cells of vital organs such as brain and lungs. In the lungs, the parasite can cause oedema and lead to ARDS with poor clinical outcome. The cytoadhesion relies on the interaction between a parasite ligand and its corresponding human endothelial receptor. The main parasite ligand that has been identified so far is PfEMP1 which is encoded by the var genes, a family of about 60 genes. The parasite has been shown to perform an antigenic switch to a mutually expressed var gene to evade the human immune system and to adapt its binding mechanisms via PfEMP1. There are multiple important corresponding human endothelial receptors yet described such as ICAM-1, CD36, and EPCR. The affected blood vessels and the lung tissue react to the infection with P. falciparum with a stimulation of the immune system, an unsettled homeostasis, and an endothelial dysfunction. This study aimed at helping in better understanding the influence of cytoadhesion of P. falciparum infected erythrocytes on human lung endothelial cells. In order to achieve this aim, three steps were performed: First, P. falciparum infected erythrocytes were enriched over HULEC-5a and HMVEC-L and their transcriptome was analysed for the antigenic var gene switch. The results were inconclusive for HULEC-5a. For HMVEC-L five var genes were significantly overexpressed after enrichment. Second, lung primary cells (HMVEC-L) were co-incubated with iRBCs for four or eight hours and their isolated RNA was sequenced for changes in gene expression levels. The results showed changed levels for numerous genes and indicated immune activation by elevated expression of EGR1 and HMOX1, but overall the relevant gene families of interleukins, ICAMs, TNFSFs, CXCLs, NFκBs, and EPOR were not significantly stimulated by co-incubation. Third, the lung primary cells were stimulated with TNF and the expressed receptors were examined via FACS. Here, the results showed high numbers of ICAM-1, which is a potential activated ligand in inflammation and high numbers of CSA, which is a potential protector of lung tissue. In conclusion, the experimental setup appeared successful while some of the results were inconclusive. The experiments should be repeated with cell lines from another donor to confirm or challenge the outlined results and to continue the important investigation in the pathomechanism of lung malaria
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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