1,720,967 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Clinical testing of immunological strategies for the therapy of patients with severe sepsis / septic shock
No full textDas Krankheitsbild „schwere Sepsis/ septischer Schock“ ist durch eine
steigende Inzidenz bei persistierend hoher Mortalität charakterisiert. Viele
Patienten überleben heute die frühe „pro-inflammatorische“ Phase und sterben
im Verlauf an sekundären Infektionen. Als Antwort auf eine initial gesteigerte
Freisetzung pro-inflammatorischer Mediatoren kommt es im Verlauf häufig zu
einer kompensatorischen „hyporesponsiven“ Phase mit kompromittierten
zellulären Immunfunktionen. Obwohl die zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen der
sepsis-assoziierten Immunsuppression nicht umfassend bekannt sind, weisen
experimentelle Daten darauf hin, dass Störungen der zellulären Immunität eine
zielgerichtete mikrobielle Abwehr verhindern. Neben experimentellen
Untersuchungen wurden in der vorliegenden Arbeit zwei klinische Ansätze zur
Rekonstitution der monozytären Immunfunktion mittels Immunstimulation (GM-CSF)
und extrakorporaler Entfernung von inhibitorischen Mediatoren
(Immunadsorption) untersucht. Wir haben erstmalig eine immunmonitoring-
basierte randomisierte placebo-kontrollierte Studie durchgeführt und konnten
zeigen, dass Immunstimulation mit GM-CSF zu einer Wiederherstellung der
Zytokinfreisetzung aus Monozyten als auch der mHLA-DR Expression (als Marker
für monozytäre Immunfunktion) führt. GM-CSF verminderte zudem die Aktivität
der Indolamin-2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) und senkte Kynurenin-Metabolite. Da
Kynurenine die Apoptose von Immunzellen induzieren können, könnte deren
Reduktion zu einer verminderten Suszeptibilität gegenüber Infektionen
beitragen. Weiterhin konnten wir zeigen, dass GM-CSF Gabe bei Patienten mit
sepsis-assoziierter Immunsuppression zu einer signifikanten Verkürzung der
Beatmungszeit führt. Da die statistische Kraft der von uns durchgeführten
Studie nicht ausreicht klinische Effekte abschließend zu beurteilen, wird in
einer größeren Folgestudie nun untersucht, ob eine solche Intervention die
hohe Sterblichkeitsrate bei Patienten mit Sepsis reduziert. Unsere Daten
zeigen weiterhin, dass eine Rekonstitution monozytärer Immunfunktion auch
mittels extrakorporaler Reduktion inhibitorischer Faktoren möglich ist. Unsere
Pilotstudie zur LPS-, IL6- und C5a- Immunadsorption testete erstmals einen
selektiven antikörper-basierten extrakorporalen Ansatz bei Patienten mit
schwerer Sepsis und septischem Schock. Eine simultane LPS-, IL-6- und C5a-
Immunadsorption führte zu einer signifikanten Zunahme der mHLA-DR Expression.
Im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe wurde ein günstigerer klinischer Verlauf bei
behandelten Patienten beobachtet. Ob eine solche interventionelle Therapie
Einfluss auf klinische Endpunkte bei Patienten mit Sepsis hat, wird in einer
größer angelegten Folgestudie untersucht.Severe sepsis and septic shock are characterized by a rising incidence and a
persistent high mortality rate. Today, many patients survive the early “pro-
inflammatory” phase of the disease and will die in the later course of sepsis
as a consequence of severe secondary/ nosocomial infections. As a response to
initially elevated levels of “pro-inflammatory” mediators, a compensatory
“hypo-responsive“ immunological phase characterized by compromised cellular
immune functions can often be observed. Nevertheless, although the underlying
molecular mechanisms of sepsis-induced immunosupression are not completely
understood, experimental data indicate that a state of defective cellular
immunity prevents a target-oriented anti-microbial defense. Here, two
different clinical approaches to reconstitute monocytic immune function were
developed and tested in clinical trials. Reconstitution of monocytic immune
function was achieved by means of immunostimulation (GM-CSF) as well as by
extracorporeal removal of inhibitory factors (using LPS-, IL-6, C5a-
Immunoadsorption). For the first time, we performed an immune-monitoring
guided randomized placebo-controlled trial in sepsis and were able to
demonstrate that immunostimulation using GM-CSF restores monocytic immunity
(as defined by assessment of the monocytic HLA-DR expression and ex vivo
monocytic cytokine release). Moreover, GM-CSF reduces the activity of
indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and thus reduces serum levels of
kynurenines. As kynurenines are critically involved in immune cell apoptosis,
reduction of kynurenines could contribute to a diminished susceptibility to
infection. In addition, we could demonstrate that adjunctive therapy with GM-
CSF significantly shortens the time of mechanical ventilation in critically
ill patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. As the respective trial was
not powered to assess clinical endpoints, a larger trial which investigates a
potential impact on mortality is currently started. As an alternative to
immunostimulation, reconstitution of monocytic immunity may also be achieved
by extracorporeal removal of inhibitory factors. For the first time, we
developed and tested a simultaneous and selective (antibody-based)
extracorporeal immune intervention in patients with severe sepsis/ septic
shock. Data from our pilot trial on LPS-, IL6- and C5a- immunoadsorption show
that selective simultaneous extracorporeal removal of LPS, IL6 and C5a
significantly restores initially suppressed levels of monocytic HLA-DR. A
beneficial impact on the clinical course of respective patients receiving the
intervention was observed. Whether such a therapy influences clinical
endpoints in patients with sepsis is now investigated in larger follow-up
trials
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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