1,720,952 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Performance-Based Budgeting in the U.S.
No full textPerformance-Based Budgeting, im Folgenden kurz PBB genannt, ist eine leistungsorientierte Budgetreform, die in der Verwaltung angewendet wird. Die Reform beinhaltet eine leistungsorientierte Haushaltsaufstellung. Diese soll auf der Basis einer strategischen und operativen Planung erfolgen. Der weitere Budgetprozess beinhaltet die Sammlung und Auswertung von Datenmaterial im Hinblick darauf, ob durch das Verwaltungshandeln angestrebte Ziele erreicht wurden.
PBB wird bereits in fast allen Staaten der U.S.A. angewandt, jedoch, wie die Untersuchung von drei sogenannten Vorreiterstaaten (Florida, Texas und Virginia) gezeigt hat, in unterschiedlichen Ausprägungen. In Florida werden Leistungsinformationen nachträglich an den intrinsischen Haushalt angefügt, in Texas und Virginia liegt ein einheitlicher ergebnisorientierter Haushalts vor, der gleichwohl unterschiedliche Strukturen aufweist. Die Verfasserin kommt zu dem Schluss, dass der Haushalt von Texas den höchsten Reifegrad aufweist, da bei diesem Strategien bzw. Maßnahmen zur Zielerreichung mit Budget verbunden wurden. Weiterhin verfügt Texas über hochwertige, strukturierte Methoden, um das Datenmaterial auf Reliabilität und Validität zu überprüfen.
Durch die Einführung von PBB entstehen auf der einen Seite neue bürokratische Prozesse sowie hohe Investitionskosten, z. B. in eine neue bzw. an PBB angepasste EDV. Demgegenüber stehen Einsparungen durch die Beseitigung ineffizienter Prozesse und eine effektivere Ressourcenverwendung. Ob vom finanziellen Aspekt die Bilanz positiv oder negativ ausfällt, vermag die Verfasserin nicht zu beurteilen, zumal die Reform mit ganz unterschiedlichen Ausprägungen angewandt wurde. Jedoch werden eine einheitliche Darstellung und Überprüfung der angestrebten Ziele, Ergebnisse, Leistungsstandards und Maßnahmen zur Zielerreichung, wie sie in Texas im Budgetprozess erfolgen, von der Verfasserin positiv beurteilt. Hierdurch wird Verwaltungshandeln transparent, es wird letztendlich sichtbar, ob auch angestrebte politische Ziele realisiert werden konnten. Dieses alles führt zu einer rationaleren und somit auch gerechteren Zuteilung von immer knapperen Haushaltsmitteln.
Um die Situation in Deutschland zu beurteilen, wurden zwei Modellprojekte, das „Neue Kommunale Finanzmanagement“ in NRW und das Modellprojekt „Zur Neuen Verwaltungssteuerung“ für das Land Hessen betrachtet. Die vorliegenden produktorientierten Haushalte von Kommunen in Nordrhein-Westfalen und der hessischen Landesverwaltung wurden analysiert. Diese Untersuchungen führten zu den Schlussfolgerungen, dass in Deutschland der Fokus bei der Reformierung des Haushaltswesens noch auf der Einführung eines adäquaten Rechnungswesens liegt. Eine outputorientierte Leistungssteuerung wird zwar ebenfalls angestrebt, zzt. können jedoch lediglich Ansätze einer systematischen Leistungsrechnung festgestellt werden.Performance-Based Budgeting is a government reform. It has the aim to establish strategic planning and performance measurement in the government. Performance-Based plans shall include a comprehensive mission statement covering the major functions and operations of the agency; general goals and objectives, including outcome-related goals and objectives , for the major functions and operations of the agency; a description of how the goals and objectives are to be achieved, and performance indicators to be used in measuring or asssessing the relevant outputs, service levels, and outcomes of each program activity.
Performance-Based Budgeting has been applied in nearly all states of the United States. The author researched three states: Florida, Virginia and Texas. These three states had been chosen because they have a history of using performance-oriented budgeting methods. Furthermore they have been nationally recognized for their budget reforms.
Although the three states used Performance-Based Budgeting the results, e.g. performance plans, strategic plans were very different. Texas showed an excellent use of the reform which resulted in a performance-based budget for the government. Florida on the other hand wasn’t able to eliminate the line-item budget. Performance informations are just made for some programs.
The reform has advantages and disadvantages. It improves the public accountability by promoting a new focus on transparency, results, service quality, and customer satisfaction. Another advantage is an improved internal management because of key measures. Legislators can make better budget decisions based on objective performance information of the different programs. Disadvantages are the high cost of the reform. For example, high investitions in the accounting software were necessary in the analyzed states. Furthermore to initiate and implement the reform additionals bureaucracy is necessary.
The author also examined prominent budget reforms in germany. The so called “Kommunales Finanzmanagement” in Nordrhein-Westfalen and the “Neue Verwaltungssteuerung” of the county of Hessen. The author concluded that the main focus is the introduction of an accounting system the so called “Doppik” and not the introduction of performance-based accounting information. This may follow in a further phase of the reforms
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
