1,721,013 research outputs found
Liability and automation: Issues and challenges for socio-technical systems
No full textWho is responsible for accidents in highly automated systems? How do we apportion liability among the various participants in complex socio-technical organisations? How can different liability regulations at different levels (supranational, national, local) be harmonized? How do we provide for accountability, while promoting safety? These and other questions are being addressed by the ALIAS (Addressing Liability in Automated Systems) project. In this paper we present the outline framework of the project, its objectives, and some preliminary results. A framework for liability in aviation is presented, and an analysis of real accidents according to a methodology developed in the project. The same methodology is applied to an hypothetical case involving UAS. In the last section the Legal Case is introduced, that is a methodological tool (currently under development) aimed at identifying and addressing liability issues of automated ATM systems
Tour de Table: Farm to Fork Law Update
No full textThe article is the first of a periodic update of the progressing Farm to Fork laws in the making. This first edition takes stock of the legislative initiatives in the Farm to Fork Strategy, by making a ‘Tour de Table’: we analyse the potential of the F2F Communication to effect legal change (Section II) and report on the developments of selected legal actions proposed, notably: the umbrella actions (Section III); the actions relevant for food safety, quality, and information (Section IV); as well as food business responsibility (Section V). We conclude with our observations about the future of the F2F laws in the EU (Section VI)
Tour de Table: Farm to Fork Law Update two
No full textThe article is the second of a periodic update of the progressing Farm to Fork (F2F) laws in the making. This second edition makes an appraisal of the legislative initiatives in the Farm to Fork Strategy by making a ‘Tour de Table’. We report on the main changes and developments of selected legal actions proposed, notably: the umbrella actions (section II); the actions relevant for food safety-technology, quality, and information (sections III); as well as food business responsibility (section IV). We conclude with our observations about the future of the F2F laws in the EU (section V)
Tour de Table: Farm to Fork Law Update
No full textThe article is the second of a periodic update of the progressing Farm to Fork (F2F) laws in the making. This second edition makes an appraisal of the legislative initiatives in the Farm to Fork Strategy by making a ‘Tour de Table’. We report on the main changes and developments of selected legal actions proposed, notably: the umbrella actions (section II); the actions relevant for food safety-technology, quality, and information (sections III); as well as food business responsibility (section IV). We conclude with our observations about the future of the F2F laws in the EU (section V)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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