1,720,958 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Bioengineering coral-microalgae symbioses to improve the thermal bleaching resilience of adult corals
No full text© 2024 Hugo ScharfensteinTropical coral reefs are hotspots of marine biodiversity valued for their ecological, socioeconomic and cultural significance. These ecosystems are supported by reef-forming corals (Scleractinia), which rely on photosymbionts (Symbiodiniaceae) for nutrition. Under stress, this intricate symbiosis can break down, resulting in coral starvation and possibly death.
Vast swathes of coral reefs have been lost to anthropogenic activity. In the last decade, marine heatwaves – exacerbated by climate change – had the most widespread and devastating impact on coral cover. At current warming rates, coral reefs as we know them are projected to disappear before the turn of the century.
To avert this decline, (human)-assisted evolution of coral thermal tolerance is actively researched as a strategy to mitigate worsening coral loss to marine heatwaves. Host-centric breeding and microbial manipulation methods are being explored to achieve this objective. This thesis focused on the enhancement of coral thermal tolerance through the manipulation of their algal symbiont communities.
Algal symbiont manipulation is founded on the knowledge that coral thermal tolerance is largely underpinned by their Symbiodiniaceae community. Using experimental evolution, Symbiodiniaceae thermal tolerance can be enhanced in vitro. Preliminary studies demonstrated that introduction of heat-evolved photosymbionts into coral early life stages can boost host performance during thermal stress, with no apparent trade-off. However, key knowledge gaps need to be filled prior to the implementation of this strategy, some of which are addressed in this thesis.
Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the coral-algal symbiosis, threats faced by corals, progress made in algal symbiont manipulation using experimentally evolved Symbiodiniaceae and the hurdles to implementation. In Chapters 2 and 3, novel strategies to increase the thermal tolerance of photosymbiont cultures are assessed. Mutagenesis prior to thermal selection yielded increased thermal tolerance, but it also led to trade-offs in growth and photochemical efficiency (Chapter 2). Selection under diurnal temperature fluctuations was identified as a promising strategy to experimentally evolve Symbiodiniaceae thermal tolerance (Chapter 3).
In Chapter 4, I optimise a method (chemical bleaching) to remove the native photosymbionts from adult corals. I then demonstrate that a taxonomically diverse range of coral species can establish new symbioses with cultured Symbiodiniaceae, when these are heterologous to the host. In a team effort, novel pairings between adult corals and heat-evolved photosymbionts were generated and subjected to a simulated heatwave. In Chapter 5, I investigate the transcriptomic responses of these symbioses to heat. I identify a dampened response of heat-evolved photosymbionts to thermal stress, characterized by a reduced expression of oxidative stress and cellular damage response pathways.
In Chapter 6, recommendations are provided to progress the experimental evolution of Symbiodiniaceae for coral reef restoration, and a preliminary assessment is made on the efficacy of heat-evolved photosymbiont lineages to improve adult coral thermal tolerance. Remaining challenges to the implementation of this strategy are also discussed. Overall, this thesis reduces the barriers to implementation of algal symbiont manipulation by delivering novel strategies for experimental evolution, and provides molecular evidence of reduced susceptibility of heat-evolved photosymbionts to thermal stress when in symbiosis
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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