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Systematische Ganzheitlichkeit : eine methodologische Vermittlung zwischen Perspektivität und Universalität
Full text linkZusammenfassung:
Diese Untersuchung ist das Ergebnis einer langjährigen Entwicklung, motiviert durch die Erfahrung von Widersprüchen und Zwängen in der internationalen beruflichen Praxis, die eine gründliche Auseinandersetzung mit den Möglichkeiten einer ganzheitlichen Erfassung von Situationen und Zusammenhängen nahe legten. Das Selbstverständnis von Philosophie hat sich dahin gehend entwickelt, Strukturen von Aussagen zu entwerfen und zu debattieren über Dinge und Zustände der Welt. Weil keine der daraus hervorgegangenen Positionen universelle Geltung beanspruchen kann, rivalisiert eine Unzahl von Versuchen, ohne daß eine wirklich ganzheitlich zielführend werden könnte. Im hier vorgelegten Ansatz ist die Grundidee, nicht wie üblich sofort über weltliche Dinge zu urteilen – was prinzipiell zu blinden Flecken und unvollständigen Welt¬bildern führen muß – sondern erst das Instrumentarium des Begrifflichen in seiner Eigendynamik kompromißlos auszuloten, durch welches jede Prädikation erfolgt. Für diese Klärung setzt der hier vorgeschlagene Ansatz beim Gesamtzusammenhang aller potentiellen Begrifflichkeit an, der die streng universell gültigen Ordnungen in der Wirklichkeit zugänglich macht und auch die Basis für die Grundgesetze der Logik bildet.
In der hier vorgelegten Darstellung der Zusammenhänge umfaßt das Vorwort die Bezüge zwischen subjektiver Erfahrung und objektiver Problematik (Kapitel 1). Das Anliegen als solches wird in der einführenden Diskussion diskutiert (Kapitel 2). Die Darstellung erfolgt in sieben Stufen bzw. Unterkapiteln: in 2.1 das Thema ergreifend, um die Basis für die Untersuchung zu legen; 2.2 die Probleme untersuchend zwischen rationalem Zugang und ganzheitlicher Erfassung, dadurch die Lösungsidee grob umreißend; 2.3 die Ursache von Behinderung im ganzheitlichen Erfassenwollen aufgreifend: 'Eingreifen statt Einfühlungsvermögen'; 2.4 die durch diese mentale Attitüde real erzeugte Selbstbegrenzungen auslotend; 2.5 die prinzipielle Vermeidbarkeit von solchen Grenzen erörternd, wie auch deren Auflösbarkeit; 2.6 eine naturgegebene inhalslogische Gesetzmäßigkeit aufspürend, welche im Begrifflichen erfüllt sein muß, wenn lückenlose Begreif¬barkeit erreichbar werden soll; 2.7 den Bezug zum Gesamtzusammenhang als Verbund aller Inhalte umreißend.
Dieser Denkpfad des reinen 'Horchens' kommt ohne jede Voraus-Setzung aus (es müssen aber bestimmte Vor-Bedingungen erfüllt sein); ihn beschreitend, wird die Qualität des vorgeschlagenen Lösungsansatzes – 'systematische Aufmerksamkeit' – allmählich erkennbar. Die ganzheitliche Auslotung der Eigengesetzlichkeit von perspektivischem Denken läßt eine Universalität erreichbar werden, die – im Gegensatz zu den üblichen philosophischen und wissenschaftlichen Methoden – allgemein die Brücke zwischen Perspektivität und Universalität zu schlagen erlaubt. Das Mittel dafür liegt in den grundbegrifflichen Strukturen, welche aus den rein logischen Implikationen eines Frage-Inhalts heraus entfaltet werden können und dann als kategoriale Ganzheit angewendet werden sollten. Die Methode im Vorgehen ist, den Inhalt einer Fragerichtung ganz auf sich selbst anzuwenden (vollständige Selbstbezüglichkeit – die in traditionellen Ansätzen begrenzt ist, aber in rein inhaltslogischem Vorgehen erreichbar). Es kommen die je entsprechenden rein inhaltlich bestimmten und streng polaren Grundbegrifflichkeiten zum Tragen, und das Ergebnis ist die je relevante Vierheit ('Tetrade') von konjugierten Kategorien. Es sind begriffliche Kontinua, welche heuristisch relevant und auf schlechthin alle Strukturen für die phänomenologische Erfassung anwendbar sind, nunmehr mit einer präzisen Ausrichtung. Deshalb bestehen im vorgeschlagenen Ansatz – als 'systematische Aufmerksamkeit' bezeichnet – keine disziplinären Grenzen; im Gegenteil erlaubt er eine prinzipiell unbegrenzte Inter- und Transdiziplinarität.
Um die streng allgemeine Anwendbarkeit dieses Ansatzes nachzuweisen, wird er in Kapitel 3 auf die Geowissenschaften angewandt. Diese Disziplin ist dafür besonders geeignet, weil sie in einem homogenen begrifflichen Instrumentarium die gesamte Spannweite vom Mineralischen über das Vegetabile und Sinnesorientierte bis zum Mentalen und Sozialen klar erfaßbar machen sollte. Just dies ist eine der Stärken des vorgeschlagenen Denkansatzes. Die Problematik wird im Unterkapitel 3.1 angegangen durch eine Erörterung der methodologischen Desiderate, dabei die Mathematik und Thermodynamik erörternd als eine Art von lingua franca zwischen heutigen wissenschaftlichen Disziplinen allgemein. Anschließend werden in Unterkapitel 3.2 die Bereiche in den Geowissenschaften kurz im Lichte der 'systematischen Aufmerksamkeit' beleuchtet: (1) physische Geographie als 'Speicher', 'Regler' und 'Prozeß', (2) Klimakunde / Meteorologie als 'Energie' und 'Information', (3) Bodenkunde als Verbindungsort von Anorganik und Organik, (4) Geoökologie mit den 'homogenen Einheiten' der naturräumlichen Gliederung, (5) Biogeographie mit den Biozönosen, Biotopen, und den Stufen des Organischen, (6) Humangeographie mit der Autonomie und Heteronomie des Menschen in seiner individuellen und sozialen Organisation, (7) theoretische Geowissenschaft als Ort der prinzipiellen Integration aller Seinsebenen. In Unterkapitel 3.3 wird noch kurz die Eigengesetzlichkeit der Einwirkung des Menschen auf die Natur umrissen.
Kapitel 4 versammelt kurze Kommentare zu den akkumulierten Publikationen. Nach Glossar und Literatur folgen in einem Quasi-Kapitel 5 die neun akkumulierten Publikationen selbst. Die Untersuchung als Ganze ist durchgehend paginiert.
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Summary:
In my professional life, partly in international planning and urban design, I experienced massive contradictions in the official line of thought, producing unnecessary conflict. Philosophy has developed a self-concept of devising and debating structures of statements and states of worldly affairs. Since no attempt of this sort can ever achieve a strictly complete grasp and universal validity, myriads of them are rivaling, but ultimately all have some flaw. This complex of problems motivated me to go back to university for meditating on integral ways of thinking. The presented investigation is the end result, now molded into a methodological system. The basic idea in the presented approach is not, as usual, to predicate immediately on worldly objects – which inevitably leads to blind spots and incomplete world-views – but to fathom first of all the instrumentation in the conceptual realm with its inherent self-dynamics that underlies all forms of predication. For achieving this objective, the proposed approach sets out on the characteristics of interconnectedness in all potential conceptuality, which allows the universally valid form of order securely to be approached that constitutes also the matrix for the fundamental laws of logic.
In the presented investigation, 'Vorwort' means Preface and covers as chapter 1 the relation between subjective authorship and objective questions as implied by the chosen topic. 'Einleitung' means Introduction and features as chapter 1 the issues that follow objectively from the discussed subject matter, namely integral ways of understanding and being, which determine therefore the approach and the method. This chapter offers also an overview over the structure of the problem and possible remedies, working through it in seven steps: in subchapter (2.1) taking hold of its meaning, its intrinsic content, (2.2) outlining a rational approach to this content, and discovering that problems in integral understanding are not imposed by nature, but man-made, (2.3) revealing how habitual approaches manifest – even in pure brain work – not empathy, but a powerful intervention, by setting out on basic assumptions, fundamental beliefs, (2.4) showing the actual results of such interventions, thereby disclosing the type of initiative that allows the problems to be dissolved, (2.5) actually possible procedures for avoiding on principle the occurrence of such discontinuities, (2.6) finding a law of content logic that determines the conceptual conditions for intelligibility and is at the root of the basic laws of formal logic, thereby warranting the general resolvability of the approached complex of problems, (2.7) outlining the bearings of the proposed approach (dubbed 'systematic attentiveness') in the overall interrelations, which the proposed approach allows to be viewed as an ordered complex.
The outlined procedure of pure 'listening' can do without any kind of presupposition (while certain preconditions must be fulfilled) and gradually makes intelligible the integral quality of the proposed approach. Fathoming perspectivity in this way fosters a universality that allows – in contrast to usual procedures in philosophy and science – the gap between the two aspects to be bridged. The means for this conciliation reside in the fundamental conceptual structures that can be unfolded out of the purely logical implications of any given query content and should then be applied as a categorial wholeness. The method in proceeding is to apply the given query content onto itself (complete self-referentiality – which is limited in traditional approaches, but attainable in pure content logic). The fundamental conceptual structures that follow in pure content logic from the chosen or given query content can then take effect, and the end result is the respective fourness ('tetrad') of conjugated categories. These constitute conceptual continua that are relevant on the heuristic level and applicable to all structures in phenomenological observation, now in a precise alignment. Due to this quality, the proposed approach – dubbed 'systematic attentiveness' – has no disciplinary limits; on the contrary it allows an inter- and trans-disciplinarity that is on principle unlimited.
For verifying the general applicability of 'systematic attentiveness', this approach is applied in chapter (3) to the geosciences because this discipline should cover the full scope from mineral existence to vegetal, sensory and mental life, up to social organization, including all interactions, in a conceptually homogenous way. Subchapter (3.1) contains some general considerations on the theoretical level, broaching the issue of mathematics as lingua franca in the sciences, as well as problems in interpreting thermodynamics, for indicating in (3.2) the applicability of the proposed approach in pivotal sub-disciplines of the geosciences: physical geography (with its categories of 'accumulator', 'regulator' and 'process'), climate studies ('energy' and 'information'), lithosphere (the locus of interlacing inert and alive structures), geoecology, biogeography, human geography, and purely theoretical geosciences, concluding (3.3) with issues of human action on nature.
Chapter (4) consists of brief comments to the accumulated articles that follow as such in the fifth and last part of this study. These nine publications reveal other aspects of applicability. They contain some redundancies due to a need of exposing my critique and approach again and again. Most of the papers are written in English, so for Anglophone readers they are self-explanatory
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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