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Prochristianella jensenae Schaeffner & Beveridge, 2012, n. sp.
No full textProchristianella jensenae n. sp. (Figs 4–6) Material examined: 83 whole-mounts, 3 specimens used for SEM, tentacles detached from 1 specimen. Type-host: Pastinachus solocirostris Last, Manjaji & Yearsley, Roughnose stingray (Rajiformes: Dasyatidae) (BO- 164, BO- 165, BO- 177, BO- 256, BO- 267, KA- 44, KA- 148). Additional hosts: Pastinachus atrus (Macleay), Eastern cowtail stingray (Rajiformes: Dasyatidae) (KA- 32), Pastinachus gracilicaudus Last & Manjaji-Matsumoto, Narrowtail stingray (Rajiformes: Dasyatidae) (BO- 99), Himantura uarnak (Gmelin), Honeycomb stingray (Rajiformes: Dasyatidae), Rhinoptera neglecta Ogilby, Australian cownose ray (Rajiformes: Myliobatidae). Type-locality: Sematan, Sarawak, Malaysia. Additional localities: Mukah, Sarawak and Kampung Tetabuan, Sabah, Malaysia; Muara Pasir and Sei Kerbau, East Kalimantan, and Singkawang, West Kalimantan, Indonesia; Weipa, Queensland and Nickol Bay, Western Australia, Australia. Site of infection: Spiral intestine. Deposited specimens: Holotype (MZUM No 2012.04). Paratypes in (MZUM Nos 2012.05 –08; MZB Nos Ca 168–175; USNPC Nos 105181–105182; LRP Nos 7843–7849; and SAM Nos AHC 35408 –35450). Etymology: This species is dedicated to Dr. Kirsten Jensen for her significant sampling efforts in Borneo and Australia. Description: Cestodes, small, euapolytic, 2.3–5.9 (3.3 ± 0.9; n = 18) mm long, with 5–7 (6 ± 1; n = 10) segments (Figs. 4 A, 6 A). Scolex acraspedote, 950–1,620 (1,220 ± 170; n = 18) long, 150–190 (180 ± 20; n = 6) wide at level of bothria (Fig. 4 B); pars bothrialis 170–280 (230 ± 30; n = 19) long; two oval bothria, with free posterior margins, notched posteriorly, with internal V-shaped ridge (Figs. 4 B, 6 B); pars vaginalis 530–1,080 (760 ± 160; n = 18) long; tentacle sheaths sinuous; pars bulbosa 370–520 (450 ± 40; n = 18) long, 140–200 (170 ± 20; n = 19) wide; prebulbar organs present; bulbs elongate, thin-walled, 360–500 (420 ± 30; n = 19) long, 50–80 (60 ± 10; n = 19) wide (Fig. 4 B, C); bulb width: length ratio 1.0: 5.1–9.2 (7.3 ± 1.2; n = 19); retractor muscle originates at base of bulb; gland-cells within bulb absent (Fig. 4 B, C); scolex ratio (pars bothrialis: pars vaginalis: pars bulbosa) 1.0: 2.3–5.2: 1.8–2.6 (1.0: 3.4 ± 0.7: 2.0 ± 0.2; n = 18). Pars postbulbosa short, 50–110 (80 ± 20; n = 7) long. Everted tentacles c. 410 (n = 1) long; tentacle diameter 40–45 (43 ± 2; n = 5) at base, 30–40 (35 ± 5; n = 5) in metabasal region, 25–33 (29 ± 4; n = 5) in distal region. Armature heteroacanthous, heteromorphous; hooks hollow (Figs. 5 A–D, 6 C, F). Metabasal armature arranged in ascending half-spiral rows; hook rows consist of 6 hooks, begin on bothrial surface of tentacle (Fig. 5 D), terminate on antibothrial surface (Fig. 5 B, C); hook files 1 and 1 ’ slightly spaced (Figs. 5 D, 6 C); hooks increase in size and then decrease towards antibothrial surface (Figs. 5 A–D, 6 F); hooks 1 (1 ’) uncinate, 8–11 (9 ± 1; n = 7) long, base 5–8 (6 ± 1; n = 7) long; hooks 2 (2 ’) larger, falcate with slightly recurved tip, 12–14 (13 ± 1; n = 7) long, base 4–5 (4 ± 1; n = 7) long; hooks 3 (3 ’) falcate with slightly recurved tip, 11–14 (12 ± 1; n = 8) long, base 3–4 (4 ± 1; n = 8) long; hooks 4 (4 ’) falcate, smaller, 9–11 (11 ± 1; n = 8) long, base 2–3 (2 ± 1; n = 8) long; hooks 5 (5 ’) falcate, smaller, 9–10 (9; n = 8) long, base 2–3 (2; n = 8) long; hooks 6 (6 ’) falcate, 8–10 (9 ± 1; n = 8) long, base 1–2 (1; n = 8) long. Basal armature distinct, basal swelling absent (Figs. 5 A, C, 6 E); largest hooks at base uncinate, solid, 9–12 (11 ± 1; n = 6) long, base 5–7 (6 ± 1; n = 6) long; billhooks anterior to base of tentacles hollow, erect, 8–9 (9 ± 1; n = 13) long; base inconspicuous, 2–3 (2; n = 13) long (Figs. 5 A, C, 6 D, E), flattened in antero-posterior plane (Fig. 6 D), form several rows surrounding tentacle, not intermingled with other hooks. Segments acraspedote; mature segments longer than wide, 720–2,040 (1,340 ± 360; n = 19) long, 120–250 (180 ± 30; n = 19) wide (Fig. 4 D); genital pores alternate irregularly, on lateral margins; pore inconspicuous; cirrus sac oval, thick-walled, in mid-line of segment or slightly anterior (Fig. 4 D, E), 83–125 (103 ± 21; n = 4) long, 48–150 (88 ± 46; n = 4) wide; cirrus unarmed, strongly coiled inside cirrus sac; internal and external seminal vesicles absent. Testes exclusively preovarian, subspherical, in two columns, in single layer, 37–56 (46 ± 6; n = 11) in number, almost same number anterior and posterior to cirrus sac, 16–30 (22 ± 5; n = 11) preporal, 19–28 (23 ± 3; n = 11) postporal, 50–85 (60 ± 9; n = 16) long, 35–50 (39 ± 4; n = 16) wide (Fig. 4 D). Vagina 15–20 (18 ± 2; n = 4) wide; seminal receptacle between ovarian lobes anterior to ovarian isthmus, oval, 36–43 (39 ± 5; n = 2) long, 26–31 (29 ± 3; n = 2) wide; ovary bilobed in dorso-ventral view; ovarian lobes 250–405 (304 ± 49; n = 12) long, 28–63 (51 ± 12; n = 12) wide (Fig. 4 D); Mehlis’ gland posterior to ovarian isthmus, 30–40 (34 ± 4; n = 4) in diameter; vitelline follicles circumcortical, 13–20 (16 ± 2; n = 17) in diameter; uterus median, tubular, simple; uterine pore not observed. Gravid segments longer than wide, 1,210–2,850 (1,860 ± 710; n = 5) long, 310–400 (340 ± 40; n = 5) wide (Fig. 4 E); uterus saccate, distinctly swollen in region of genital pore; eggs ovoid, thin-shelled, non-operculate, nonembryonated, 21–25 (23 ± 1; n = 40) in diameter. Remarks: The species described above is allocated to the genus Prochristianella, due to the presence of prebulbar organs and the changes in hook sizes in the metabasal armature, with hooks gradually increasing and then decreasing in size. Specimens of this species can be easily recognized by having characteristic erect, hollow billhooks in the basal armature of each tentacle. Prochristianella jensenae n. sp. represents a unique species within the genus, since it lacks gland-cells within the tentacular bulbs. The presence of gland-cells is one of the defining features for taxa within the Eutetrarhynchoidea Dollfus, 1969 (see Palm 2004). Only two other species within this superfamily, namely Shirleyrhynchus aetobatidis (Shipley & Hornell, 1906) and Rhinoptericola megacantha Carvajal & Campbell, 1975, lack gland-cells inside the muscular bulbs (see Beveridge & Campbell 1988, Carvajal & Campbell 1975, Palm 2004). Both species, however, possess a scolex with four oval bothria, a character of the family Rhinoptericolidae Carvajal & Campbell, 1975 to which both species belong. Prochristianella jensenae n. sp. has only two bothria and, thus, represents the first taxon within the Eutetrarhynchidae Guiart, 1927 lacking glandcells. Although allocated within the genus Prochristianella due to apparent similarities, P. jensenae n. sp. differs from all congeners in having a cirrus sac situated at the mid-line of the proglottid, absence of a basal swelling and a large number of testes posterior to the cirrus sac. The most distinctive characteristic, however, are the principle hook rows in the metabasal tentacular armature, which run from the bothrial to the antibothrial surface. This commencement of the principle hook rows on the bothrial surface has also been reported for another species, P. fragilis by Heinz & Dailey (1974). The differences from congeners, however, are not considered to be sufficient to warrant the erection of a new genus. More material preserved in ethanol for molecular studies is needed to clarify the taxonomic placement of P. jensenae n. sp. This species was collected from six localities from Borneo and two localities from northern Australia. Although a huge number of elasmobranch hosts have been collected in waters off Borneo, the present specimens were obtained exclusively from the spiral intestines of three species of the dasyatid genus Pastinachus Rüppell, revealing a high host specificity. However, this high host specificity of P. j e n s e n a e n. sp. in Borneo is considered to be a local phenomenon with host species of other genera being infected outside the Indo- Malayan region. Prochristianella kostadinovae n. sp. (Figs 7 & 8) Material examined: 11 whole-mounts. Type-host: Himantura uarnak 2 (sensu Naylor et al. 2012) (Rajiformes: Dasyatidae) (CM03- 24, CM03- 25, CM03- 65). Type-locality: Weipa, Queensland, Australia. Site of infection: Spiral intestine. Deposition of specimens: Holotype (SAM No AHC 35400). Paratypes in (SAM Nos AHC 35401 –35402; LRP Nos 7835–7837; USNPC Nos 105178–105179). Etymology: This species is dedicated to Dr. Aneta Kostadinova for her contributions to fish parasitology. Description: Cestodes, small, 4.6–5.6 (5.2 ± 0.3; n = 7) mm long, with 9–10 (9; n = 7) segments. Scolex acraspedote, 1,265–1,590 (1,422 ± 119; n = 7) long, maximum width at level of bothria, 360–400 (375 ± 16; n = 5) wide (Fig. 7 A, C); pars bothrialis 190–270 (236 ± 28; n = 7) long; two oval bothria, 210–230 (223 ± 12; n = 3) long, 230–300 (263 ± 29; n = 4) wide, with free margins, rims thickened, posteriorly notched, with prominent Vshaped ridge (Fig. 7 A, C); pars vaginalis 750–1,070 (923 ± 118; n = 7) long; tentacle sheaths sinuous to irregularly coiled (Fig. 7 A, C); pars bulbosa 470–525 (496 ± 23; n = 7) long, 180–230 (209 ± 17; n = 7) wide; prebulbar organs present, small; bulbs elongate, sinuous, thick-walled, 480–510 (491 ± 10; n = 10) long, 70–90 (76 ± 1; n = 10) wide, reach to pars proliferans (Fig. 7 C, D); bulb width: length ratio 1.0: 5.4–7.1 (6.5 ± 0.6; n = 10); retractor muscle inserts at base of bulb; gland-cells within bulb present (Fig. 7 C, D), mostly in posterior third of bulb, in some specimens to anterior end or anterior third of bulb; scolex ratio (pars bothrialis: pars vaginalis: pars bulbosa) 1.0: 3.2–4.7: 1.9–2.5 (1.0: 4.0 ± 0.6: 2.1 ± 0.2; n = 7). Pars postbulbosa absent. Everted tentacles 590–650 (613 ± 23; n = 6) long; tentacle diameter 23–35 (30 ± 4; n = 6) at base, 35–43 (38 ± 2; n = 8) at level of basal armature, 33–40 (37 ± 2; n = 12) in metabasal region. Armature heteroacanthous, heteromorphous; hooks hollow (Fig. 8 A–D). Metabasal armature arranged in ascending half-spiral rows; hook rows consist of 10 hooks (Fig. 8 D), begin on antibothrial surface of tentacle, terminate on bothrial surface (Fig. 8 A, C); hook files 1 and 1 ’ separated by prominent space (Fig. 8 B); hooks 1 (1 ’) uncinate, with elongate base, 16–21 (18 ± 2; n = 8) long, base 13–15 (14 ± 1; n = 8) long; hooks 2 (2 ’) larger, falcate, with slightly recurved tip, 17–21 (19 ± 1; n = 14) long, base 8–10 (9 ± 1; n = 9) long; hooks 3 (3 ’) slightly larger, falcate, with recurved tip, 19–21 (20 ± 1; n = 8) long, base 7–10 (8 ± 1; n = 8) long; hooks 4 (4 ’) smaller, falcate, 9–13 (11 ± 1; n = 12) long, base 2–4 (3 ± 1; n = 10) long; hooks 5 (5 ’) larger, falcate, 17–20 (18 ± 1; n = 10) long, base 3–5 (4 ± 1; n = 10) long; hooks 6 (6 ’) smaller, falcate, 6–9 (8 ± 1; n = 12) long, base 2–5 (3 ± 1; n = 12) long; hooks 7 (7 ’)– 10 (10 ’) tiny, falcate, 3–5 (4 ± 1; n = 17) long, base 2–3 (2; n = 17) long. Characteristic basal armature present (Fig. 8 A); basal hooks of first two rows not enlarged, 5–6 (6 ± 1; n = 4) long, base 4–5 (5 ± 1; n = 2) long; basal swelling weakly developed, with 5 rows of billhooks; billhooks increase slightly in size towards bothrial surface; largest billhooks on bothrial surface, 5–6 (6 ± 1; n = 9) long, base 1–2 (2; n = 9) long; first two rows of hooks on antibothrial surface of basal swelling spiniform, 5–7 (6 ± 1; n = 6) long, base 1 (n = 5) long; become falcate with recurved tips at hook rows 7 –9, 5– 7 (6 ± 1; n = 5) long, base 1–2 (1; n = 4) long; transition to metabasal armature occurs at row 11 (Fig. 8 A). Segments acraspedote; first mature segments slightly elongate, 120–210 (151 ± 34; n = 6) long, 110–160 (133 ± 19; n = 6) wide; late mature segments elongate, 1,310–1,545 (1,397 ± 80; n = 6) long, 170–235 (197 ± 24; n = 6) wide (Fig. 7 A, B); genital pores alternate irregularly, on lateral margins, in posterior half of segment (Fig. 7 A, B); pore inconspicuous; cirrus sac sub-circular, thick-walled, 75–110 (93 ± 13; n = 6) long, 90–128 (105 ± 13; n = 6) wide (Fig. 7 B); cirrus unarmed; internal and external seminal vesicles absent. Testes preovarian, subspherical, 58–70 (66 ± 4; n = 12) long, 33–45 (39 ± 5; n = 12) wide, in two longitudinal columns, in two layers; layers of testes directly above each other in dorso-ventral view (Fig. 7 B); testes 58–73 (65 ± 5; n = 9) in number, 42–60 (51 ± 5; n = 9) preporal, 11–17 (14 ± 2; n = 9) postporal. Vagina c. 15 (n = 1) wide; seminal receptacle not observed; ovary bilobed in dorso-ventral view; ovarian lobes 120–195 (155 ± 22; n = 12) long, 38–65 (52 ± 9; n = 12) wide (Fig. 7 B); Mehlis’ gland between posterior parts of ovarian lobes, 55–68 (59 ± 5; n = 6) in diameter; vitelline follicles circumcortical, 30–38 (33 ± 2; n = 10) long, 13–15 (15 ± 1; n = 10) wide in mature segments, 35–43 (39 ± 2; n = 10) long, 18–20 (18 ± 1; n = 10) wide in late mature segments; uterus median, tubular, simple; uterine pore not observed. Gravid segments not present. Remarks: This species possesses a slender, acraspedote scolex, a characteristic basal armature, a heteroacanthous metabasal armature with widely separated hooks 1 (1 ’) and hooks of each principle row first increasing and then decreasing in size. It can, thus, be allocated to the genus Prochristianella. With rows of billhooks on the basal swelling of each tentacle and the absence of microscopically visible microtriches on the scolex, this species is closely related to P. aciculata, P. butlerae, P. mooreae and P. odonoghuei. In contrast to these species, P. kostadinovae n. sp. possesses a metabasal tentacular armature with hooks 4 (4 ’) much smaller than neighbouring hooks 3 (3 ’) and 5 (5 ’). Prochristianella aciculata is the only other species with a similar pattern in its metabasal oncotaxy. In the latter species, however, the typical increase and subsequent decrease in hook sizes along the principle rows is interrupted by smaller hooks 5 (5 ’). Prochristianella kostadinovae n. sp. furthermore differs from P. aciculata in having a larger scolex and larger bulbs, a different number and shape of hooks in the metabasal armature and a complete absence of enlarged hooks at the base of each tentacle. Therefore, we consider P. kostadinovae n. sp. to represent a species new to science. The present specimens were obtained from a single locality in northern Australia and from the spiral intestines of three specimens of H. uarnak 2 (sensu Naylor et al. 2012). We, therefore, assume P. kostadinovae n. sp. to be a highly host specific parasite from northern Australian waters.Published as part of Schaeffner, Bjoern C. & Beveridge, Ian, 2012, Prochristianella Dollfus, 1946 (Trypanorhyncha: Eutetrarhynchidae) from elasmobranchs off Borneo and Australia, including new records and the description of four new species, pp. 1-25 in Zootaxa 3505 on pages 7-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20860
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Prochristianella scholzi Schaeffner & Beveridge, 2012, n. sp.
No full textProchristianella scholzi n. sp. (Figs 9 & 10) Material examined: 35 whole-mounts. Type-host: Taeniura lymma 1 (sensu Naylor et al. 2012) (Rajiformes: Dasyatidae) (KA- 416). Additional host: T. lymma (BO- 80, BO- 86). Type-locality: Kunak, Sabah, Malaysia. Additional localities: Semporna, Sabah, Malaysia; and Tanjung Batu, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Site of infection: Spiral intestine. Deposited specimens: Holotype (MZUM No 2012.01). Paratypes in (MZUM Nos 2012.02 –03; MZB Nos Ca 165–167; LRP Nos 7829–7834; SAM Nos AHC 35395 –35399; and USNPC No 105183). Etymology: This species is dedicated to Dr. Tomáš Scholz, who has contributed previously to trypanorhynch systematics. Description: Cestodes small; mature specimens 3.6 –6.0 (4.9 ± 0.8; n = 10) mm long with 7–9 (8 ± 1; n = 15) segments; gravid specimens 6.5 (n = 2) mm long with 9 (n = 2) segments. Scolex acraspedote, 950–1,465 (1,240 ± 153; n = 13) long (Fig. 9 A, D); maximum width at pars bothrialis, 280–330 (306 ± 18; n = 8) wide; pars bothrialis 150–220 (180 ± 21; n = 13) long; two sub-circular bothria, 175–200 (188 ± 10; n = 7) long, 205–240 (219 ± 10; n = 11) wide, with thick, free margins, notched posteriorly, V-shaped ridge present in some specimens (Fig. 9 A); pars vaginalis 450–920 (716 ± 138; n = 13) long; Pintner’s cells present in mid-line (Fig. 9 D); tentacle sheaths sinuous to almost straight, strongly coiled if contracted; transverse striations present in pars vaginalis (Fig. 9 A, D); pars bulbosa 470–590 (520 ± 38; n = 13) long, 165–225 (194 ± 18; n = 13) wide; prebulbar organs present; bulbs elongate, thick-walled, 455–570 (506 ± 38; n = 11) long, 60–80 (70 ± 5; n = 11) wide (Fig. 9 A, C, D), extend into pars proliferans in some specimens; bulb width: length ratio 1.0: 6.3–9.3 (7.4 ± 0.9; n = 11); retractor muscle inserts at base of bulb; gland-cells present, few, very small (Fig. 9 C, D), surrounding retractor muscle to mid-bulbar region, in some specimens into anterior third of bulb; scolex ratio (pars bothrialis: pars vaginalis: pars bulbosa) 1.0: 2.6–5.5: 2.4–3.7 (1.0: 4.0 ± 0.8: 2.9 ± 0.4; n = 13). Pars postbulbosa very short, up to 35 (9 ± 12; n = 15) long. Fully everted tentacles 450–610 (536 ± 56; n = 9) long, with prominent basal swelling; diameter 24–25 (25 ± 1; n = 3) at base, 33–38 (35 ± 2; n = 4) at basal swelling, 25–28 (27 ± 1; n = 4) in metabasal region, 25–26 (25 ± 1; n = 3) distally. Metabasal armature heteroacanthous, heteromorphous; hooks hollow; hook rows consist of 10 hooks in posterior metabasal region (Fig. 9 E), decrease to 9 hooks per principle row anteriorly; rows start on antibothrial surface of tentacle, terminate on bothrial surface (Fig. 10 B, C); distinct space between hooks 1 and 1 ’ (Fig. 10 C); first four rows of principle rows with two smaller hooks posterior to hooks 1 (1 ’) (Fig. 10 C); hooks 1 (1 ’) uncinate, with elongate base, 11–14 (13 ± 1; n = 6) long, base 7–10 (8 ± 1; n = 6) long; hooks 2 (2 ’) larger, falcate, with narrower base, 12–15 (14 ± 1; n = 7) long, base 4–6 (5 ± 1; n = 4) long; hooks 3 (3 ’) slightly smaller, falcate, 12–15 (13 ± 1; n = 9) long, base 4–6 (4 ± 1; n = 9) long; hooks 4 (4 ’) smaller, falcate, 8–10 (9 ± 1; n = 5) long, base 3–4 (3 ± 1; n = 5) long; hooks 5 (5 ’) larger, falcate, 12–16 (14 ± 1; n = 6) long, base 4 (n = 6) long; hooks 6 (6 ’) smaller, spiniform, 5–6 (5 ± 1; n = 6) long, base 2–3 (3; n = 6) long; hooks 7 (7 ’) smaller, spiniform, 4–5 (4; n = 4) long, base 2 (n = 4) long; hooks 8 (8 ’) spiniform, 4–5 (4 ± 1; n = 3) long, base 2 (n = 3) long; hooks 9 (9 ’) slightly smaller, spiniform, 3–4 (4 ± 1; n = 2) long, base 2 (n = 2) long; hooks 10 (10 ’) slightly smaller, spiniform, 3 (n = 2) long, base 2 (n = 2) long. Characteristic basal armature present (Fig. 10 A–C); first rows of hooks enlarged on bothrial surface, falcate, 13–14 (14; n = 2) long, base 4–6 (5 ± 1; n = 2) long; basal hooks on antibothrial surface smaller, uncinate, 6–9 (7 ± 1; n = 3) long, base 4–5 (4 ± 1; n = 3) long; next 4–5 rows of hooks spiniform, bases reduced, 6–9 (7 ± 1; n = 8) long; basal swelling with 5 rows of hooks; increasing in size towards enlarged billhook on bothrial surface (Fig. 10 A, B); billhooks form single file (Fig. 10 B), largest billhooks in second and third row on basal swelling, 7 (n = 2) long, base 3 (n = 2) long, height 8 (n = 2); hooks on antibothrial surface spiniform, become falcate to almost uncinate anteriorly (Fig. 10 C); transition to metabasal armature occurs at about hook row 17 (Fig. 10 A, B). Segments acraspedote; first segments wider than long; first mature segments elongate, 170–320 (247 ± 51; n = 8) long, 110–205 (147 ± 37; n = 8) wide (Fig. 9 A); late mature segments 985–2,020 (1,381 ± 336; n = 8) long, 130–230 (174 ± 38; n = 8) wide (Fig. 9 B); genital pores unilateral, in posterior half of segment (Fig. 9 A, B); cirrus sac oval to sub-circular, thick-walled, 68–105 (86 ± 13; n = 6) long, 70–100 (88 ± 12; n = 6) wide; internal and external vesicles absent; cirrus unarmed. Testes arranged in two columns, anterior to ovary, in intervascular space, 53–71 (62 ± 5; n = 14) in number, 41–57 (48 ± 5; n = 14) anterior to genital pore, 12–18 (15 ± 2; n = 14) posterior to genital pore, 48–63 (52 ± 4; n = 17) long, 33–39 (35 ± 2; n = 17) wide (Fig. 9 B). Vagina thin-walled, enters genital atrium from posterior aspect; seminal receptacle c. 20 (n = 2) in diameter; ovary at posterior extremity of segment, bilobed in dorso-ventral view; ovarian lobes elongate, 183–258 (207 ± 26; n = 8) long, 29–40 (33 ± 4; n = 8) wide (Fig. 9 B); Mehlis’ gland present between ovarian lobes, 25–38 (30 ± 6; n = 4) in diameter; vitelline follicles circumcortical, 20–23 (21 ± 1; n = 10) long, 13–15 (14 ± 1; n = 10) wide; uterus tubular, median, extends to anterior extremity of segment; uterine pore not observed. Gravid segments 1,655–1,980 (1,845 ± 169; n = 3) long, 175–305 (227 ± 69; n = 3) wide; uterus extends to anteriormost extremity; cirrus sac sub-circular, 118 (n = 1) long, 108 (n = 1) wide; ovarian lobes 155–160 (158 ± 4; n = 2) long, 36–38 (37 ± 1; n = 2) wide; vitelline follicles 30–38 (35 ± 2; n = 10) long, 25–30 (27 ± 2; n = 10) wide. Remarks: The present specimens are allocated to the genus Prochristianella, since they possess the typical, generic characteristics. The most significant features of this species are the smooth scolex, thick-walled bulbs with very few, tiny gland-cells, unilateral genital pores and a tentacular armature with enlarged basal hooks, rows of billhooks on the basal swelling and 10 hooks per half spiral row, decreasing in number to 9 hooks per row further anteriorly. The principle hook rows in the metabasal region have small hooks 4 (4 ’), as described above for P. kostadinovae, which represents the most similar species within the genus. Prochristianella scholzi n. sp. differs from P. kostadinovae in its possession of enlarged basal hooks, two additional hooks posterior to hooks 1 (1 ’) in the most proximal part of the metabasal armature, smaller hooks 1 (1 ’)– 6 (6 ’), hooks 2 (2 ’) and 3 (3 ’) without a recurved tip, a much wider basal swelling than the remainder of the tentacle and a transition into the metabasal armature at about hook row 17. Moreover, P. scholzi n. sp. has smaller bothria, Mehlis’gland and vitelline follicles, but much more elongated ovarian lobes. Prochristianella scholzi n. sp. is described from stingrays of the genus Taeniura Müller & Henle from three localities in Sabah (Malaysian Borneo) and East Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo).Published as part of Schaeffner, Bjoern C. & Beveridge, Ian, 2012, Prochristianella Dollfus, 1946 (Trypanorhyncha: Eutetrarhynchidae) from elasmobranchs off Borneo and Australia, including new records and the description of four new species, pp. 1-25 in Zootaxa 3505 on pages 14-17, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20860
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
FIGURE 3. Prochristianella cairae n in Prochristianella Dollfus, 1946 (Trypanorhyncha: Eutetrarhynchidae) from elasmobranchs off Borneo and Australia, including new records and the description of four new species
No full textFIGURE 3. Prochristianella cairae n. sp. from Chiloscyllium punctatum. Scanning electron micrographs. A. Scolex in dorsoventral view. B. Basal region, bothrial tentacular surface. C. Metabasal region, external tentacular surface. D. Lateral margin of bothrium, showing serrate spathulate spinitriches on proximal bothrial surface. E. Serrate spathulate spinitriches on pars vaginalis.Published as part of Schaeffner, Bjoern C. & Beveridge, Ian, 2012, Prochristianella Dollfus, 1946 (Trypanorhyncha: Eutetrarhynchidae) from elasmobranchs off Borneo and Australia, including new records and the description of four new species, pp. 1-25 in Zootaxa 3505 on page 6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20860
Author, publisher and bookseller : a tripartite synergy in Nigerian book industry
No full textThis work is about the roles of Author, Publisher and Bookseller in Book development in
Nigeria. The paper started by delving into the history of Book Publishing in Nigeria after
which it proceeded by defining who an author, a publisher, and a bookseller is and
expatiated on the indispensable roles of these key actors in Nigerian Book Industry and in
the emerging Information Society. Furthermore, the various constraints to book
development were identified while the paper advised on how the Book Industry can be
further promoted in Nigeria. However, the paper concluded and made recommendations
on how the Book sector can help in enhancing scholarship in the country
[Report to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author #2]
No full textReport to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author. The report contains a list of officers who gave depositions to the United States Attorney
From role-playing to role-taking: Interpreter role(s) in healthcare
No full textAgainst the background of the current literature on (interpreter-mediated) doctor-patient interactions, and of a study of real interpreting situations recorded in Italy and Belgium, this paper presents an analysis of medical role-plays recorded in one of the major Italian universities training interpreters. The paper sets out to check to what extent participants fulfill the “ideal template” of dialogue interpreting (AIBIA turn pattern), locating departures and raising questions like: who initiates them and how do the interlocutors position themselves? Are there any differences with departures in real data? Is role-playing a good way of introducing students to role-taking in healthcare? Combining notions from Conversation Analysis and Interpreting Studies, this paper outlines some of what works and what is missing in role-plays as a training technique
[Report to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author #1]
No full textReport to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author. The report contains a list of officers who gave depositions to the United States Attorney
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