1,122 research outputs found
El Tlacuache Núm. 51 (2002). 51 Año 2 (2002) julio. El Tlacuache
No full text- Las fronteras norte de Morelos por H. Rafael Gutierrez Y. - Nuestro patrimonio desconocido por Teresita Loera y Anaite Monterforte. - El Yauhtli por Margarita Avilés y Macrina Fuentes. - Patrimonio cultural: Legislación e historia por Carlos F. Alessio-Robles
La propuesta de contametría de Rafael Franco, desde el pensamiento complejo de Edgar Morin
No full textEste trabajo tiene como objetivo comprender la propuesta de Contametría del maestro Rafael Franco interpretándola a la luz de la teoría de la complejidad. Para ello se entendió el contexto que motivó al autor a plantear la teoría de la Contabilidad Integral y su tecnología la Contametría, también se estudió la teoría de la complejidad, desde Morin.
Se realizó bajo el enfoque cualitativo, siendo una investigación de tipo explicativa con la cual se caracterizó el pensamiento complejo de Edgar Morin por medio de la definición de un grupo de categorías que permitieron la identificación del pensamiento complejo en la propuesta contamétrica del maestro Rafael Franco.
Por dar un ejemplo, entre las categorías estudiadas se encuentra “La unión”, la cual, en el discurso de Morin se observa como necesaria para concebir procesos y ciencia, pues en la ausencia de esta existiría la simplificación e interacción entre los elementos; otra categoría es el “Orden/Desorden” orientado a comprender el caos del universo, ya que la ciencia tradicional
solo reconoce el pensamiento objetivo, generando así un orden científico. Por medio de estas y otras categorías, se logró identificar que estos elementos propios de la teoría de la complejidad, efectivamente se encuentran en la propuesta contamétrica objeto de estudio de este trabajo.Universidad Libre - Facultad de Ciencias económicas, administrativas y contables - Maestría en ContabilidadThis work aims to understand the proposal of Contametría of professor Rafael Franco interpreting it in the light of the theory of complexity. To this end, we understood the context that motivated the author to raise the theory of integral accounting and its technology Contametry, we also studied the theory of complexity by Morin.
It was carried out under the qualitative approach, being an explanatory type of research with which the complex thinking of Edgar Morin was characterized through the definition of a group of categories that allowed the identification of the complex thinking in the Contametric proposal of Professor Rafael Franco.
To give an example, among the categories studied is "Union", which in Morin's discourse is observed as necessary to conceive processes and science, since in the absence of this there would be simplification and interaction between the elements; another category is "Order/Disorder" oriented to understand the chaos of the universe, since traditional science only recognizes objective thinking, thus generating a scientific order. By means of these and other categories, it was possible to identify that these elements of complexity theory are indeed found in the Contametric proposal under study in this work
Elmohardyia rosalinae Marques & Rafael, 2015, sp. nov.
No full textElmohardyia rosalinae sp. nov. Figs 163–181 Diagnosis. Tergite 2 almost entirely gray pruinose, except for three brown pruinose spots. Sternite 6 with three sclerotized thorn-like projections, basal one longest. Surstyli asymmetrical. Left surstylus strongly developed, with outward curved apex, about 2 X longer than right surstylus. Right gonopod longer than left one. Phallic guide with one bifid additional process. Description of male holotype. (Fig. 163). Body length. 4.3 mm. Head. Eyes contiguous for a distance of eighteen facets. F, EM, V = 0.4 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.3 mm. Frontal triangle and face gray pruinose. Postcranium dark, brown pruinose dorsally and gray pruinose laterally and ventrally. Antennae (Fig. 164) with scape dark brown; pedicel dark brown, with two dorsal and three ventral bristles; postpedicel dark brown on basal one third, remaining yellow. LPP/WPP = 2.3. Labellum brown. Thorax. Postpronotal lobe dark yellow, gray pruinose. Scutum dark brown to black, gray-brown pruinose. Notopleuron dark brown, gray pruinose with eight weak bristles. Scutellum dark brown to black, gray pruinose, with inconspicuous bristles. Mesopleuron and mediotergite dark brown, gray pruinose. Wing (Fig. 165). Length 4.5 mm. LW/MWW = 3.4. LTC/LFC = 1.6. Membrane hyaline, almost entirely covered with microtrichia, except for cells bc, c, sc, basal half of r 1, small basal area of r 2 + 3 and r 4 + 5, br, bm, basal half of cup and basal one third of anal lobe without or with very sparse microtrichia. Vein r-m placed just before basal third of cell dm. Vein dm-cu straight. Halter brown with middle part of stem yellow. Legs (Fig. 163). Coxae dark brown to black, gray pruinose. Trochanters yellow. Femora brown with base and apex yellow, entirely gray pruinose posteriorly. Tibiae yellow, gray pruinose. Tarsi dark yellow to brown, except fifth tarsomere darker or entirely black. Pulvilli yellow. Abdomen. (Fig. 166). Dark brown to black, gray pruinose on tergite 1, almost entirely on tergite 2, except for two brown pruinose spots anterolaterally and a small spot medially; gray pruinose posterolaterally on tergites 3–5; tergite 1 with three stout bristles laterally. Tergite and sternite 6 as in Fig. 167. Sternite 6 (Figs 168, 169) with three sclerotized spine-like projections, basal one longest. Syntergosternite 8 dark brown to black, shorter than tergite 5, gray pruinose (Fig. 166) and with large membranous area (Fig. 170). Terminalia. Epandrium and surstyli (Fig. 171) yellow. Surstyli (Figs 171–172) asymmetrical. Left surstylus strongly developed, apex curved outward, about 2 X longer than right surstylus, with basal lobe; lateral view as in Fig. 173. Right surstylus with acute apex in lateral view (Fig. 174). Subepandrial sclerite as in Fig. 175. Right gonopod longer than left one (Fig. 176). Phallic guide (Figs 177–178) with one additional bifid process; dorsal view as in the Fig. 179. Phallus with inconspicuous subapical spicule (Fig. 180). Ejaculatory apodeme as in Fig. 181. Female unknown. Variation (paratype). Body length 4.4 mm. Wing length 4.6 mm. Sternite 6 with basal protuberance longer than in the holotype specimen. Type Material. HOLOTYPE ♂: “ BRASIL, PI[auí], Guaribas, Parque Nacional Serra das Confusões, Andorinha, 515 m, 09°08' 27.8 "S, 43 ° 33 ' 42.1 "W ” “Armadilha de Malaise, 01– 10.ix. 2013, J.A. Rafael, F. Limeirade-Oliveira & T.T.A. Silva cols [collectors]”. “ Holotype ♂, Elmohardyia rosalinae Marques & Rafael ” (CZMA). PARATYPE: idem, 20–30.ix. 2013 (1 ♂ INPA). Holotype condition. Left wing detached, mounted on microslide. Terminalia placed in microvial with glycerin. Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym honoring Rosalina da Silva, a great friend and a “second mother” of the first author. Distribution. Brazil: Piauí (Caatinga Biome). Discussion. Elmohardyia rosalinae sp. nov. is close to E. valida Menezes & Rafael due to sternite 6 with thorn-like protuberances, left surstylus with outward curved apex and longer than right surstylus, and by the similar shape of the phallic guide. Elmohardyia rosalinae sp. nov. differs from E. valida by tergites 3–5 being gray pruinose posterolaterally (only on tergite 5 in E. valida), and by sternite 6 with three protuberances (only two in E. valida).Published as part of Marques, Dayse W. A. & Rafael, José A., 2015, Elmohardyia Rafael (Diptera, Pipunculidae) from northeastern Brazil: new records and description of new species, pp. 301-327 in Zootaxa 3972 (3) on pages 321-323, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3972.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23645
How reduced demand for children and access to family planning accelerated the fertility decline in Colombia
No full textBy the early 1960s, Colombia was one of the fastest growing countries in the world. With a total fertility rate of seven children per woman and a rapidly declining mortality, its population was growing at a rate that would double in size every 22 years. But from the years 1973 - 1985 the doubling time increased to 41 years. This slowdown in growth, caused by a dramatic decline in fertility, was one of the most rapid demographic transition processes in the world. The causes and mechanisms of this phenomena deserve to be carefully studied if the experience is to be replicated in other countries. A framework developed by Richard Easterlin is used in this study to analyze the fertility change in Colombia. Considering the effects of socioeconomic changes on supply of and demand for children, together with effects on regulation costs, this framework will allow us to understand the underlying causes and processes behind the fertility decline.Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Health Economics&Finance,Adolescent Health
Leptomantispa catarinae Machado & Rafael, n. sp.
No full textLeptomantispa catarinae Machado & Rafael, n. sp. DIAGNOSIS: Leptomantispa catarinae, differs from other species by posterior margins of tergites III and IV without pores, the elongated sternite IX, male gonocoxites with small scales distally, absence of hypomeres and the pattern of the coloration. DESCRIPTION, holotype male. Body length: 9,2 mm. Head: frons and labrum yellow, with a medial line dark brown to black (fig. 1 a). Vertex dark brown to black except along the ocular margins with inconspicuous paired pale yellow lines (fig. 1 c). Mandibles and palpi reddish brown. Scape light brown ventrally, yellow dorsally; pedicel and flagellomeres dark brown to black; the distal flagellomeres twice as wide as long (fig. 1 a). Thorax: pronotum almost straight in lateral view, 6.15 times as long as wide at maculae in dorsal view; proximal region reddish-brown, medially orange-yellow and distal region dark brown (fig. 1 c); dorsal and dorsolateral surface with numerous slender setae, not elevated at bases. Meso and metanotum dark brown to black (fig. 1 c). Scutellum yellow (fig. 1 c). Pleural region dark brown to black with yellow spots mainly near sutures (fig. 1 b). Legs: fore leg with pale yellow coxae, a central sulcus at distal two- thirds of anterior face and a yellow strangulation at basal quarter; trochanter light brown; femora 3,2 times as long as wide, dark brown to black posteriorly, shiny black anteriorly except for light brown basal and distal ends, and a yellow spot near the base of the spines in the posterior face, the yellow spot becoming wider distally (figs. 1 d–e); tibia dark brown to black, yellow at extreme base, light yellow dorsally and laterally; tarsi dark brown to black basal tarsomere same size as the remaining four tarsomeres combined, one tarsal claw and without arolium. Mid and hind legs with coxae dark brown to black (fig. 1 b); trochanter dark brown; femora pale yellow except extreme proximal end dark brown. Tibia and tarsi pale yellow, pretarsal claws with four teeth. Wings: forewing (Fig. 1 f) with 8.2 mm of length; pterostigma dark brown, very elongated, expanded apically, and forming an angle of more than 50 ° with RA vein; membrane hyaline, except for the base and space between Sc and R veins light brown and 1 AP cell with asperous region dark brown. Most veins dark brown, except entire AP 1 and the base of CuA and AA, yellow; one radial vein originating from 1 RA, one from 2 RA and one from 3 RA cells; six transversal costal veins. Hind wing (Fig. 1 g) without an asperous region in AP 1, base hyaline, most veins dark brown, AP 2 yellow; five transversal costal veins (fig. 1g). Abdomen dark brown with conspicuous yellow spots between tergites II and III, base of tergite V, pleura and posterior margins of all sternites. Tergites IV and V each with 8–10 small pores in two transverse bands and two large pores on each side anterolaterally; posterior margins of tergites III and IV without pores (fig. 2 a). Terminalia dark brown; ectoprocts broadly rounded, with 16 short thickened setae (fig. 2 b). Sternite IX distinctly more elongated than ectoprocts (fig. 2 b), with apex rounded in ventral view (fig. 2 c). Gonarcus smaller than pseudopenis with a thin median lobe (fig. 2 d), slightly curved anteriorly in lateral view (fig. 2 f). Apex of gonocoxites with many small scales (figs. 2 e, f). Mediuncus with basal third wider in lateral view (fig. 2 f). Pseudopenial membrane with small scales (fig. 2 e, f). Hypomeres absent. Female terminalia, paratype. Sternite VIII with posterior margin flattened medially in ventral view (fig. 2g); ectoprocts as long as gonocoxites (fig. 2 i), spermatheca coiled, its distal section wider than proximal and fertilization canal duct short with apex covered with small setae (fig. 2 h). VARIATIONS. Body length varying from 9.0– 10.5 mm in males; 8.8–10.4 mm in females. Forewing length varying from 7.7–8.8 mm in males; 6.0–9.0 mm in females. Some specimens with vertex light brown in posterior region (Fig. 2); rounded yellow spot between antennae; pronotum entirely dark brown, 5.9 -8.0 times as long as wide at maculae in dorsal view in males, 5.8-7.9 times in females; scutellum entirely black or with yellow spots; fore coxae entirely dark brown; base of fore femur spines yellow at posterior face, 3.2–3.6 times as long as wide; fore tibia and tarsus entirely reddishbrown; forewing with one radial vein originating from 1 RA cell, and two from 3 RA cell; female with 6-7 transversal costal veins on forewings; some specimens with the base of forewing hyaline. Male ectoprocts with 15-30 short thickened setae. GEOGRAPHICAL RECORDS: Brazil (Amazonas), Manaus. ADULT FLIGHT PERIOD: All individuals were captured from January to May and in November, months that coincide to rainy season in Central Amazon. MATERIAL: Holotype male, INPA: BRASIL AM[amazonas], Manaus, ZF 2, Km- 14, torre, 023521S– 600655 W, 18- 21.ii. 2004, luz mista, BL, BLB, lençol [printed rectangular white label] / 40 mt alt., J.A.Rafael, C.S.Motta, F.F.Xavier F°, A.Silva F°, S.Trovisco [printed rectangular white label] / Holótipo ɗ, Leptomantispa catarinae det: R.J.P.Machado 2005 [hand written rectangular red label]. Paratypes: same data as holotype, except by the date and different collectors: 16- 19.iv. 2004, J.A.Rafael, C.S.Motta, A.Silva F°, J.M.F.Ribeiro (1 ɗ 1 Ψ, INPA); 20.xi. 2003, J.A.Rafael, F.F.Xavier Filho & A.S.Filho (2 ɗ 1 Ψ, INPA); 18-21.v. 2004, J.A.Rafael, F.B.Baccaro, F.F.Xavier F° & A.Silva F° (1 Ψ, INPA); 21-24.i. 2004, Motta, CS, Trovisco, SF, Xavier,FFF, Filho, AS (1 ɗ 1 Ψ, MPEG); 19-22.iii. 2004, J.A.Rafael, C.S.Motta, F.F.Xavier F°, A.Silva F°, J.T.Câmara, (1 Ψ, INPA); Estrada ZF- 2, I/ XI/2005, 20: 50 [h], Arm. Luz móvel, J.A.Rafael, F.F.Xavier F°, R.J.P.Machado, A.A.Agudelo, Y.K.Dantas (1 Ψ, INPA) Holotype condition: good, terminalia in microvial, left wings glued to thorax. ETYMOLOGY: This species is in honour of the entomologist Catarina da Silva Motta, who participated in most of the tower collection and helped to collect many specimens described here. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:To CNPq for the fellowship to senior author; to Francisco Felipe Xavier Filho, Alexandre da Silva Filho, Simone Trovisco, Joseleide Teixeira Câmara, Fabricio Beggiato Baccaro for helping in the tower collection, Silvia Fernanda Mardegan for the help in the first English version and Dr. Toby Barret, the English reviser.Published as part of Machado, Renato José Pires & Rafael, José Albertino, 2007, A new species of Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Central Amazonia, Brazil, pp. 37-40 in Zootaxa 1530 on pages 37-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17771
Opeatocerata melanderi Câmara & Rafael 2011, sp. nov.
No full textOpeatocerata melanderi sp. nov. (Figs. 3–20) Diagnosis. Abdomen predominantly yellow except lateral margins of tergites 1–7 brown (Figs. 3, 5). Anterior cercus with dorsal subrectangular projection (Fig. 9) directed anteriorly (Fig. 8). Posterior cercus with rounded apex and small ventral protuberance (Fig. 8). Phallus subcylindrical, wider medially, longer than hypandrium (Fig. 13), and with subapical lobes and four denticles on apex, both best seen in ventral view (Fig. 14). Description. Holotype male (Fig. 3). Head: Holoptic, upper ommatidia larger delineated from lower ommatidia. Face parallel-sided, dark brown with grey pruinescence in ventral view, about 3X longer than upper width. Ocellar tubercle protuberant, brown with brown pruinescence, 2 pairs of divergent bristles, anterior pair longest. Ocelli brown. Postocular bristles black, distinct, arranged in complete uniseriate row, progressively longer ventrally. Postcranium brown with grey pruinescence, denser ventrally. Postgena with long yellow bristles. Antenna inserted below middle of head; scape and pedicel yellow with short black bristles; first flagellomere dark brown, about 2X longer than pedicel; stylus aristiform, about 2X longer than first flagellomere. Proboscis shorter than head height, yellow with yellow bristles apically and ventrally on labellum. Thorax (Fig. 3): Yellow, shiny. Pronotum with transverse row of yellow bristles on anterior margin. Thoracic chaetotaxy: 1 acrostichal bristle placed posteriorly, near scutellum and between last and stronger dc; dorsocentral row of uniseriate, slender yellow setulae, interrupted on posterior descendant region and posteriorly with longer bristles; 3 postpronotal setae; 2 robust notopleurals with several smaller setae in front; several supra-alar setae; 2 postalar bristles, posterior stronger; 1 pair of parallel scutellar bristles; laterotergite with 8 long yellow bristles. Legs (Fig. 3): yellow, except apex of trochanter black ventrally, fore tarsomeres 3–5 and mid and hind tarsomeres 4–5 dark brown to black. Hind femur and tibia with black ring on apex. All legs with distinct bristles; hind tibia and tarsus with antero- and posterodorsal rows of long bristles; hind tibia with larger number of bristles. Wing (Fig. 4): Hyaline with conspicuous brown pterostigma, 2.5X as long as deep; M 1 and M 2 slightly upward curved. Halter yellow with brown patch on stem and knob. Abdomen (Figs. 3, 5): Predominantly yellow, except lateral margins of tergites 1–7 brown (Fig. 3). Bristles yellow, longest on all segments laterally and on segments 6-8 posteriorly. Tergite 8 shorter than tergite 7, divided in two subtriangular plates (Fig. 6). Sternite 8 larger than sternite 7, divided in two subtriangular plates (Fig. 7). Terminalia (paratype): Anterior cercus with dorsal subrectangular projection (Fig. 9) directed anteriorly (Fig. 8), with distal medial V-shaped sulcus posteriorly in dorsal view (Fig. 9); descendant plate of anterior cercus subrectangular with concave ventral margin in posterior view (Fig. 10). Posterior cercus with rounded apex and small ventral protuberance in lateral view (Fig. 8), with triangular dorsal projection (Fig. 9). Hypoproct with long bristles, subcircular in lateral view (Fig. 8), comma-shaped in posteroventral view (Fig. 10). Epandrium wide, membranous anteriorly, with elongated epandrial lobe acuminate at apex, with longer bristles apically (Fig. 11). Subepandrial sclerite and bacilliform sclerite U-shaped, latter with distinct fold. Subepandrial sclerite rather narrow in dorsal view (Fig. 12). Hypandrium rather membranous, with small setae, longer than wide with posterior margin rounded, enclosing phallus. Phallus longer than hypandrium, subcylindrical, wider medially (Figs. 13, 14), with dorsal subapical appendix, best seen in lateral view (Fig. 13) and with lateral subapical lobes and four denticles on apex, both best seen in ventral view (Fig. 14). Ejaculatory apodeme tetralamellar (Figs. 8, 13, 14). Specimen length: 3.1 mm; wing length: 3.1 mm. Female (Fig. 15): Similar to male, except dichoptic with subequal ommatidia; frons black and shiny. Wing hyaline, slightly infuscated between pterostigma and vein R 5; M 1 and M 2 evanescent near wing margin (Fig. 16). Terminalia: Tergite 8 subrectangular (Figs. 17, 18, 19). Sternite 8 wider at base, anterior margin with V-shaped sulcus occupying more than half of sternite (Figs. 18, 19). Genital fork wider at base and arms shorter than base (Figs. 18, 19). Tergite 10 shorter than half of tergite 8, undivided, with anterior margin concave (Fig. 17). Sternite 10 slightly concave basally and distally. Cercus longer than segment 10, with long bristles at apex (Fig. 19). Receptacle of spermatheca spherical (Fig. 20). Specimen length: 2.8 mm; wing length: 3.1 mm. Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂, labelled: BRASIL, AM [azonas], Manaus, Rod [ovia] AM 010, Km 50, ZF2, Km 14, próximo à torre [near tower], 02 ° 35'21''S; 60 ° 05'55''W / 4.iii.2011. 00–03:00h. Arm [adilha] luz móvel. J.A. Rafael & R. F. Silva leg (INPA). PARATYPES: same as holotype (75 ♂, 89 ♀, INPA). idem, 4.iii.2011. 03–06:00h. Arm. luz móvel. J.A. Rafael & R. F.Silva (14 ♂, 5 ♀, MZUSP); idem, 3–4.iii.2011, 21–00:00h (4 ♂, 7 ♀, UFPR); idem, 6.iii.2011. 00–03:00h. Arm. luz móvel. J.A. Rafael, J. T. Câmara & P.Dias leg (10 ♂, 10 ♀, USNM; 10 ♂, 10 ♀, BMNH; 10 ♂, 10 ♀, CNC; 10 ♂, 10 ♀, CZMA; 10 ♂, 10 ♀, INBio; 22 ♂, 16 ♀, INPA); idem, 6.iii.2011. 03– 06:00h (28 ♂, 35 ♀, MPEG). Holotype condition. Good, not dissected. Etymology. The name melanderi is dedicated to A.L. Melander, author of the Opeatocerata. Remarks. Opeatocerata melanderi differs from all other known species by having the lateral margin of tergites 1–7 brown and distinctive genitalia, especially the phallus which has denticles at the apex. Variation. Male and female specimens with body length from 2.7–3.3 mm. Pterostigma from 2–2.5 times as long as deep. Some paratypes with 2 pairs of scutellar bristles.Published as part of Câmara, J. T. & Rafael, J. A., 2011, Two new species of Opeatocerata Melander (Diptera, Empididae, Empidinae) from the Brazilian Amazon Basin, pp. 37-45 in Zootaxa 3062 (1) on pages 38-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa3062.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/527995
El exiliado en la Transición española y polaca. Crematorio de Rafael Chirbes y Niskie Łąki de Piotr Siemion
No full textThe exiled in Spanish and Polish transition. Crematorio by Rafael Chirbes and Niskie Łąki by Piotr SiemionThe aim of the article is to present a picture of the exiled in a society undergoing processes of democratic transformation on the basis of Crematorio 2009, a novel by Rafael Chirbes, and Niskie Łąki by Piotr Siemion 2000. The author employs a research method from comparative literature and refers to the category of supranationality “supranacionalidad” proposed by Claudio Guillén, a Spanish comparativist. An analysis of the texts indicates that the presence of the exiled, notwithstanding fundamental differences concerning e.g. the evaluation of capitalism, serves to extract and highlight the end of great narrations which accompanies transformation processes: in the Spanish novel it is the end of ideology communism and history F. Fukuyama whereas Niskie Łąki refers to the end of the romantic paradigm M. Janion. The exiled in Spanish and Polish transition. Crematorio by Rafael Chirbes and Niskie Łąki by Piotr SiemionThe aim of the article is to present a picture of the exiled in a society undergoing processes of democratic transformation on the basis of Crematorio 2009, a novel by Rafael Chirbes, and Niskie Łąki by Piotr Siemion 2000. The author employs a research method from comparative literature and refers to the category of supranationality “supranacionalidad” proposed by Claudio Guillén, a Spanish comparativist. An analysis of the texts indicates that the presence of the exiled, notwithstanding fundamental differences concerning e.g. the evaluation of capitalism, serves to extract and highlight the end of great narrations which accompanies transformation processes: in the Spanish novel it is the end of ideology communism and history F. Fukuyama whereas Niskie Łąki refers to the end of the romantic paradigm M. Janion
La guerra perdida del Indio Lorenzo, de Rafael Baena: ¿novela indigenista o con indios?
No full textResumen:
Este artículo analiza la manera en que se da cuenta de lo indígena en La guerra perdida del indio Lorenzo (2015), la última novela publicada en vida por el escritor colombiano Rafael Baena (1956-2015). El pretendido carácter indigenista de la obra, anunciado ya desde el título epónimo, no se correspondería con el protagonismo apenas relativo del personaje de Victoriano Lorenzo ni con otros elementos que problematizan la reivindicación de una cuestión indígena particular.
Palabras clave: Rafael Baena, La guerra perdida del indio Lorenzo, novela colombiana, indios en la literatura, indigenismo literario.
Abstract:
This article analyzes the manner we become aware of the indigenous theme in La guerra perdida del indio Lorenzo (2015), the last novel published by the Colombian author, Rafael Baena (1956-2105) during his lifetime. The presumptive indigenist character of the work, announced starting with the eponymic title, does not correspond with the barely reletive protagonism of the character Victoriano Lorenzo or to with other elements that problematize the vindication of a particular indigenous issue.
Keywords: Rafael Baena, La guerra perdida del indio Lorenzo, Colombian novel, Indians in literature, Literary indigenism
Wireless physical layer authentication for the Internet of Things
No full textAuthentication of messages in an Internet of Things (IoT) is a key security feature that may involve heavy signaling and protocol procedures, not suitable for small devices with very limited computational capabilities and energy availability. In this chapter we address the problem of message authentication in an IoT context, by using physical-layer approaches. We propose a solution based on the use of trusted anchor nodes that estimate the channel from the transmitting node and report them to a concentrator node, which takes a decision on the message authenticity. Assuming that the anchor nodes have a limited energy availability, we analyze the lifespan of the authenticating network and propose both centralized and distributed approaches to determine which anchor nodes report the information to the concentrator. The authenticating network overhead is also discussed and a tradeoff between energy efficiency and signaling traffic is found
Elmohardyia martae Marques & Rafael, 2015, sp. nov.
No full textElmohardyia martae sp. nov. Figs 114–129 Diagnosis. Tergite 2 with narrow basal gray pruinose band and two posterolateral gray pruinose spots. Sternite 6 with two subapical protuberances. Surstyli asymmetrical. Left surstylus strongly developed with apex greatly expanded, about 3 X longer than right surstylus. Right gonopod strongly developed, reaching to the apex of the phallic guide. Phallic guide simple. Phallus with strongly developed subapical spicule. Description of male holotype. (Fig. 114). Body length 4.6 mm. Head. Eyes contiguous for a distance of twenty facets. F, EM, V = 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.3 mm. Frontal triangle and face gray pruinose. Postcranium dark, gray-brown pruinose dorsally and gray pruinose laterally and ventrally. Antennae (Fig. 115) with scape dark brown to black; pedicel dark brown to black, with five dorsal and four ventral bristles; postpedicel dark brown, lighter towards margin. LPP/WPP = 2. Labellum dark yellow. Thorax. Postpronotal lobe brown, brown pruinose. Scutum dark brown to black, brown pruinose. Notopleuron brown, gray-brown pruinose with twelve weak bristles. Scutellum dark brown to black, brown pruinose, with inconspicuous bristles. Mesopleuron and mediotergite dark brown, gray pruinose. Wing. (Fig. 116). Length 4.8 mm. LW/MWW = 3.3. LTC/LFC = 1.4. Membrane somewhat hyaline; almost entirely covered with microtrichia, except for cells bc, basal half of c, basal three quarters of sc, basal one third of r 1, br, small basal area and superior part of bm, basal two thirds of cup and basal one third of anal lobe without or with greatly reduced microtrichia. Vein r-m placed just before basal third of cell dm. Vein dm-cu straight. Halter brown, except for black knob. Legs. (Fig. 114). Coxae dark brown to black, gray pruinose. Trochanters dark yellow. Femora dark brown to black with base and apex yellow, entirely gray pruinose posteriorly. Tibiae dark yellow with distal one third brown, gray pruinose. Tarsi brown, except fifth tarsomere darker or entirely black. Pulvilli yellow. Abdomen. (Fig. 117). Dark brown, gray pruinose on tergite 1, on narrow basal band of tergite 2 and on posterolateral spots on tergites 2–5; tergite 1 with three stout dark brown bristles laterally. Tergite 6 and sternites 6, 7 as in Fig. 118. Sternite 6 (Fig. 119) with two asymmetrical subapical protuberances. Syntergosternite 8 dark brown, slightly shorter than tergite 5, brown pruinose anteriorly, gray pruinose posteriorly (Fig. 117) and with large membranous area (Fig. 120). Terminalia. Epandrium and surstyli yellow (Fig. 121). Surstyli (Figs 121–122) asymmetrical. Left surstylus strongly developed, about 3 X longer than right surstylus; with one small protuberance medially and apex greatly expanded; lateral view as in Fig. 123. Right surstylus with apex curved inward and directed downward (Figs 122, 124). Subepandrial sclerite as in Fig. 125. Right gonopod strongly developed, reaching the level of phallic guide apex (Fig. 126). Phallic guide simple, without additional process (Figs 127, 128). Phallus with strongly developed spicule (Fig. 127). Ejaculatory apodeme as in Fig. 129. Female unknown. Variation (paratype). Body length 4.2 mm. Wing length 4.4 mm. Type Material. HOLOTYPE ♂: “ BRASIL, MA[ranhão], Caxias, Res.[erva] Ecol.[ógica] Inhamum” “Armadilha Malaise, 23–27.ii. 2005, G.A. Cunha, cols [collectors]” “ Holotype ♂, Elmohardyia martae Marques & Rafael ” (CZMA). PARATYPE: idem, Carolina, Serra Grande, 07°04' 28 "S, 47 ° 24 ' 12 "W, 13.xii. 2011, Arm. Malaise, F.L. Oliveira & J. Vidal (1 ♂ INPA). Holotype condition. Left wing detached, mounted on microslide. Terminalia placed in microvial with glycerin. Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym honoring Marta Maria Almeida Marques, mother of the first author. Distribution. Brazil: Maranhão (Cerrado Biome). Discussion. Elmohardyia martae sp. nov. is close to E. quadricornis sp. nov. due to the strongly developed right gonopod, almost reaching to the apex of the phallic guide, and the phallus with a long subapical spicule. Elmohardyia martae sp. nov. differs from E. quadricornis sp. nov. by the somewhat triangular apex of the left surstylus (somewhat subquadrangular in E. quadricornis sp. nov.), the simple phallic guide (two additional processes present in E. quadricornis sp. nov.) and the subapical spicule being simple apically (being bifid apically in E. quadricornis sp. nov.).Published as part of Marques, Dayse W. A. & Rafael, José A., 2015, Elmohardyia Rafael (Diptera, Pipunculidae) from northeastern Brazil: new records and description of new species, pp. 301-327 in Zootaxa 3972 (3) on pages 314-317, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3972.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23645
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