9 research outputs found
Color medical image analysis / M. Emre Celebi, Gerald Schaefer, editors.
No full textIncludes bibliographical references and index.x, 204 pages
Merging and diverging : the Chronicler's integration of material from Kings, Isaiah, and Jeremiah in the narratives of Hezekiah and the Fall of Judah
No full textThe phenomenon of inner-biblical interpretation and inter-textual replication of scriptural material within the Old Testament is receiving significant attention in current scholarship. Two narratives which are repeated three times in the Hebrew Bible provide a particularly fruitful case study for this type of research: the Hezekiah narrative (2 Kgs 18-20; Isa 36-39; 2 Chr 29-32) and the account of the fall of Judah (2 Kgs 24-25; Jer 52; 2 Chr 36). This study extends the contributions of redaction-critical, literary-critical, and text-critical studies examining the narratives of 2 Kings 18-20//Isaiah 36-39 and 2 Kings 24:18-25:30//Jeremiah 52 and emphasizes their subsequent reception in Chronicles. In addition, this investigation advances the discussion of the Chronicler's reliance upon and method of incorporating material from the Latter Prophets. It is the conclusion of this thesis that the Chronicler was familiar with the versions of the Hezekiah narrative and the account of the fall of Judah in both 2 Kings and the Latter Prophets. His method of handling these alternative accounts reflects both direct quotation (particularly in the case of 2 Kings) and indirect allusion to themes and idioms (with regard to the Latter Prophets). The result is a re-telling of Judah's history which is infused with hope for restoration as articulated by the Latter Prophets. By portraying an idealized account of Israel's past history which corresponds to prophetic descriptions of the nation's restoration, Chronicles illustrates the accessible, utopic potential held out to every generation of faithful Israel
Review for Religious - Issue 14.1 (January 1955)
No full textIssue 14.1 of the Review for Religious, 1955.Review for Religious
JANUARY 15, 1955
The Relicjious Life ..... Pope Plus xII
Advice to Superiors . .... st. Francis de Sales
The Contemplative Life .... Mother M. Immaculafa
Loncjevlfy of Rellcjious
Mother Mary Walsh .......
A saint’s Last Leffer.
Sister Josephlna
Sister M. Teresffa
..... John M. Render
Book Reviews
Ouestions and Answers
VOLUME XlV NUMBER 1
RI VII::W FOR RELIGIOUS
VOLUME XIV JANUARY, 19 5 5 NUMBER 1
CONTENTS
POPE PlUS XII AND THE RELIGIOUS LIFE--Joseph F. Gallen, S.d .3.....
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS--
1. Repeating Litany in Community Prayers ........................1.1.
2. Confession to Other than Extraordinary .......................... 12
3. Privilege to Refuse Requested Indult ............................1..2
4. Ownership of Matured Bond ..................................1.3.
5. Disposition of Patrimony ...................’. .................. 14
OUR CONTRIBUTORS ............................................. 14
OUR ADDRESSES ........................................... " ...... 14
ST. FRANCIS DE SALES’ ADVICE TO SUPERIORS--
Edward J. Carney, O.S.F.S ......................1..5.
BACK NUMBERS AVAILABLE ................................2..2....
THOUGHTS ON THE CONTEMPLATIVE LIFE--
Mother M. Immaculata, P.C .......................2..3
APOSTOLATE OF THE PRESS ................................2..8...
LONGEVITY OF RELIGIOUS WOMEN--Sister Josephina, C.S.J ....2..9...
MOTHER MARY WALSH~Sister Mary Teresita, O.P ................3..1
A SAINT’S LAST LETTER--John M. Render, C.P ................4..3...
ON SECULAR INSTITUTES ..................................4.6....
BOOK REVIEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS--
Editor: Bernard A. Hausmann, S.J.
West Baden College
West Baden Springs, Iiadiana .................................4..7
REVIEW FOR RELIGIOUS, January, 1955. Vol. XIV, No. 1. Published bi-monthly:
January, March. May, duly, September, and November at the College Press,
606 Harrison Street, Topeka, Kansas, by St. Mary’s College, St. Marys, Kansas,
with ecclesiastical approbation. Entered as second class matter danuary 15, 1942,
at the Post Office, Topeka. Kansas, under the act of March 3, 1879.
Editorial Board: Augustine G. Ellard, S.d., Adam C. E.llis, S.~.,
Gerald Kelly, S.3., Francis N. Kortb, S.3.
Literary Editor: Edwin F. Falteisek, S.d.
Copyright, 1954, by Adam C. Ellis, S.2. Permission is hereby granted for quota-tions
of reasonable length, ~rovided due credit be given this review and the author.
Subscription price: 3 dollars a year; 50 cents a copy. Printed in U. S. A.
Before writing to us, please consult notice on inside back cover.
Review J:or Religious
Volume XIV
January--December, 1955
Published at
THE COLLEGE PRESS
Topeka, Kansas
Edited by
THE JESUIT FATHERS
ST. MARY’S COLLEGE
St. Marys, Kansas
REVIEW FOR RELIGIOUS
iS incJexed in
CATHOLIC PERIODICAL INDEX
’Pope Pius XII
and t:he Religious Lit:e
INTRODUCTION
--l--HE present great movement of renovation and adaptation of the
| religious life has been fostered in an unusually continuous and
prolonged manner by the Holy See. This is evident from the
congresses promoted in various countries by the Holy See. The norm
that must be used to evaluate all ideas, articles, and lectures on the
subject is the teaching of the Roman Pontiff, and for this reason
the present effort consists of a selection of the statements of Plus
XII on the religious life. The compilation is restricted to the utter-ances
of the Pope and thus does not include an~i doctrines of authors
or statements of the Sacred Congregations or of their officials. There
are included, however, some pronouncements of Pius XII that were
not made directly and explicitly to or of religious, since it was judged
that from their nature these statements applied to religious at least
to an appreciable’degree, sometimes also equally and even more in-tensively.
All such paragraphs are preceded by an asterisk. The
sources of numbers 10 and 39 are clearly stated. All other para-graphs
are taken from the Acta Apostolicae Sedis, the first number
being the volume, the second the year, and the third the page.
--JOSEPH F. GALLEN, S.J.
I. ADAPTATION~ ’
¯ *1. "It gives Us, Venerable Brethren, an inward strength, a heav-enly
joy, for which We daily render to God Our deep and humble
thanks, to see in every region of the Catholic world evident signs
of a spirit which boldly faces the gigantic tasks of our age, which
with generous decision ik intent on uniting in fruitful harmony the
first and essential duty of individual sanctification with .,apostolic
activity for the spread of the Kingdom of God." Encgclical Letter,
"Summi Ponti[icatus," 3 1 - 19 3 9- 5 5 7.
2. "The new times in which we live certainly demand, also inlspir-itual
matters, new undertakings, new works and aids by which we
can aptly meet the changed and increasing needs of our age. These,
in keeping With the ardor of your zeal, you should not neglect. Labor
strenuously to employ more aptly and serviceably every develop-ment
of modern times to strengthen the Kingdom of Jesus Christ
POPE PIUS XII Review for Reli¢ious
at home and to spread it abroad. However, your institute, dear to
Us and to you, must ever remain the same, the same in th~ govern-ment
by which it is unified, the same in the spirit by which it ’is
nourished, the same finally in that burning obedience and devoted
reverence by which you are steadfastly and unflinchingly bound to
this Apostolic See." Apostolic Letter to the Father General of the
Society of desus, 32-1940-295.
3. "But if becauseof special circumstances and its own prudent
judgment the Apostolic See should decide to decree anything that
may seem new to your institute, you will beyond all doubt accept
it with a most obedient mind and realize fully that it will be to
your good, not your hakim. Such conduct is urged on you certainly
by the obedience due to ecclesiastical authority and also by the eager
and ready desire that moves you to accept anything enacted by the
same authority, since it would be appropriate to the time and bene-ficial
to you." Letter on the Tercentenartl of the Death ofSt. Jane
Frances de Chantal, 33-1941-491, 492.
*4. "When We examine the beginnings of your society,, this fact
stands out and fills Our soul with the greatest joy: there bare never
been lacking to the Catholic Church, there are not lacking now,
nor will there ever be lacking in the future outstanding and distin-guished
men who, realizing and studying the principal needs of
their age, eagerly and with their whole soul strive to meet them."
Letter to the Society of the Priests of St. Sulpice, 34-1942-94.
*5. "The ’Church of today cannot return purely and. simply to the
primitive ways of its small initial fold. In its maturity, which is not
old age, it keeps its head erect and in its members reveals unchanged
the vigor of its youth. It. remains what it has been from its birth,
always the same. It does not change in its dogma nor in its eflScacy.
It is impregnable, indestructible, invincible. It is immutable, inefface-able
by the document of its foundation that is sealed with the blood
of the Son of God; yet it advances, it takes on new ways with its
growth in years,, it makes progress but without changing its nature,
since, in the admirable language of Vincent of Lerin, the religion
of the soul must imitate the manner of the body. The body de-velolbs,
grows and advances in years yet always remains the same
as 4t was .... The Church, having already attained its mature
mission of universal mother of the faithful, confronted by far
greater necessities and duties, would not consent, without being
unfaithful to itself, to twist its steps towards the manners of life
January, 1955 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE
and action of the earliest centuries." Address on the Twenw-Eftb
Annioersarg ~ His Epis.copal Consecration, 34-1942-158.
6. "Therefore, since the circumstances existing originally at the
time of the foundations ha’re changed, there arises the necessity of
adapting the constitutions and rules. Even at the time of the pro-mulgation
of the new Code of Canon Law, religious orders of great
antiquity, to conform their own monastic rules to the laws of the
Code and likewise to correspond more to the needs of thi~ age,
labored diligently to abrogate many things that were obsolete, to
adapt others suitably, and to make useful innovations. They ac-cordingly
opened a way to the talents and zeal of their subjects to
a new or rather proper plan of action for their labors in the vineyard
of the Lord." Apostolic Letter on the Constitutions of the Cistercian
Congregation of Casaroari, 35-1943-390, 391. ’
*7. "Therefore, We do not hesitate even now, in this second and
more formidable conflict, to look on the future with a serene gaze
and, We believe, for a greater reason. In fact, the work accomplished
in the interval has been deliberately orientated to give the missions
the character of native, not foreign, institutions. From this follows
the need of native clergy and native sisters and also the principle
that the temperament, the traditions and the native customs must
remain inviolate in so far as they are in accord with the law of God.
The missionary is an apostle of Jesus Christ. He possesses no office
of transplanting a specifically European culture to the mission lands.
His duty is to render such nations, which sometimes boast a culture
of great antiquity, prompt and ready to accept and assimilate the
element~ of Christian life and. customs. These easily and naturally
blend with any sane culture and give it the full capacity and efficacy
to assure and guarantee human dignity and happiness. Catholic
natives must be truly members of the family of God and citizens
of His Kingdom, without, however, ceasing to remain citizens also
of their own earthly fatherland." Address on Missions, 36-1944-
210.
8. "Some conditions must be observed that what We have prom-ised
Ourselves may be happily realized and that you yourselves may
fulfill Our expectation. Above all else you are to be s~eadfastly
faithful to your constitutions and to all the laws of your consti-tutions.
If it seems suitable, some things in your order may be
changed and accommodated to the new circumstances of.t.he~ age,
but anything s.ubstantial is in no way to be touched :and is to stand
5
POPE PlUS XII Re~iew for Religious
perpetually, for example, the tertianship, which hasenriched your
own interior spiritual lives and has been imitated and adopted by
other religious.families." Allocution to the XXIXGeneral Co.ngre-
"gatiOn of the Soqiet~/ of Jesus, 38-1946-383.
*9. "The sacred liturgy includes divine as well as human elements.
The former, instituted by the Divine Redeemer, cannot be changed
in any way by men. The human components, however, admit of
various modifications as the needs of the age, circumstances and the
good of souls may require, and as authorized by the ecclesiastical
hierarchy under the guidance of the H01y Spirit." Encyclical Letter,
"Mediator Dei," 39-i947-541,542.
10. "This, above all, must be your solemn principle; you are to
protect religiously and observe always anything placed by St. A1-
pbonsus as fundamental in your ~ocJety. However, .you are to re-flect
and study ,attentively whether some changes should be made
with regard to the external manner of life and conduct because of
the changes of time and place. You will thus avoid any loss o~
damage to the sacred deposit entrusted to you over the long series
q.f years?’ Letter to Redernptorist Capitulars; Acta et Docurnenta
Congressus Generalis de Statibus Perfectionis, I, 23.
11. "The renewal or rather the reawakening of the spirit and life
of your institute has led you to the desire of new undertakings in
keeping with the changed circumstances and necessities of the time.
It should be the heartfelt desire of religioias men to imbue the age
in which they live with the soundness of mind of the Gospel and
with grace, to win the men of their time to Christ by apt ways and
paths. What could be more desirable than such plans, more salu-tary
than such works? It is impossible that We should not approve
such intentions." Allocution to Fathers of the Order of Friars
Minor Capuchin, 40-1948-551.
12. ’.’However, it must be your clear conviction that these greater
apostolic works, demanded of you also by modern times, are" not
to weaken in any way nor change fundamentally the manner of
your religious, life. On the contrary, this is to be imbued and
formed W.ith such evangelical spirit that all of you are conspicuous
for a prope~ poverty, excel in an attractive simplicity and humility,
and.especially that.you persevere in your traditional austere di~ci-pline
.... You must.also be on fire with the seraphic love of God
and of yoh~ neighbor that consumed the patriarch of Assisi through-
"6
danuarg, 1955 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE
out his life. Only ifl this way and by a spiritual and interior life
that daily increases in intensity can your external works be in-spired
with the divine strength that overcomes and successfully
conquers all earthly difficulties." Letter to the Minister General of
the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, 41-1949-66.
"13. "They [newly ordained priests-] are to learn what our times
demand, the needs by which they are tortured, the dangers and diffi-culties
they present; and hence are to be trained in all the appropriate
methods by which they may more readily overcome these dangers
and meet these needs in a way that is vigorous and suited to our
times." Motu Pr.oprio on the Pontifical Institute of St. Eugene,
41-1949-166.
14. "As you celebrate the first centenary of the death of your de-vout
founder, it is altogether becoming that you should renew and
intensify the spirit with which he desired the two religious societies
of men and women founded by him to be imbued and formed.
You are completely aware of what this demands. You are called
upon not only to embrace the evangelical life in a generous spirit,
not only to strive zealously and energetically for virtue and sanc-tity,
but also according to your ability to show yourselves equal to
the needs of the times and to undertake courageously all forms of
the apostolate introduced by the present age.. In this respect William
3oseph Chaminade gave you most outstanding examples for your
imitation." Letter to the Superior General of the Society! of Mary
on the Centenar~l of the Death of the Founder, 41-1949-591, 592.
"15. "Let it never happen, beloved sons, that the new forms
and methods of the apostolate which are today so opportune, espe-cially
in localities where the clergy is few in number, should either
lie fallow or, for not being properly organized, should not respond
to the needs of the Christian people." Apostolic Exhortation, "Menti
Nostrae," 42-1950-680.
"16.. "On these points, Venerable Brethren, We most earnestly
arouse you to vigilance." We have no doubt whatever that you will
act with prudence regarding the exaggeration, which is found in
rfiany, of attachment to the past and of hankering after novelty.
This prudence must be wise and watchful that truth alone may
emerge victorious when there is question of vefituring on new
paths of zeal and effort .... Far be it from Us to maintain" that
apostolic work should not be in harmony with present-day life
or that work,~ now being undertaken should not serve the rieeds
7
~OPE PIUS XII
of our times."
695.
Re~iew for Religio~, s
Apostolic Exhortation, "Menti Nostrae,’ 42-1950-
17. "From this common fidelity and constancy the sacred manner
of life of nuns acquired a solid consistency wNch always enabled
it to resist inn6vations of any kind more vigorously than institutes
of any other regulars or religious of either sex. Within certain proper
limits this is undeniably to its credit." Apostolic Constitution,
"Sponsa Christi,’ 43-1951-8.
18. "On the other hand there are some elements in the life of nuns
which are neither necessary nor complementary but merely external
and historical, since they certainly owe their existence to the cir-cumstances
of former times, which are now very much changed.
These, if they are found to be no longer of any use or liable to
hinder greater good, seem to have no special reason for being p.re-served.
Accordingly, without the least prejudice to any of the
native and principal elements of the venerable manner of life of
nuns, regarding those that are external and accidental, We have
decided to make ~ome considered "and prudent adaptations to present
times, which may not only do greater honor to the venerable man-ner
of life but at the same time increase its effectiveness." Apostolic
Constitution, "Sponsa Christi," 43-1951- I O.
19. "We have been informed that in the sessions to be held dur-ing
the week subjects will be proposed to the consideration of religious
which undoubtedly meet the needs of the religious life at the present
moment, particularly concerning the formation of souls consecrated
to God and the apostolic works that should be undertaken. Minds
and wills, with the aid of God’s grace, are to be so reinvigorated and
strengthened that, within the limits of their ability, they are to be
equipped to meet the new ways of the times and thespiritual
destitution of this age. The reinvigorating of one’s life in all its
aspects is by no means the same thing as the abandonment or thought-less
lack of appreciation for everything accomplished by the very
laborious efforts of one’s predecessors, which all religious should
esteem as the glory and ornament of their own institute. It means
rather to ward off the uselessness of an indolent life, to express in
personal conduct the noble accomplishments of one’s predecessors,
earnestly to maintain the standard of spirituality, to exert the ut-most
effort to prevent the sacred laws of one’s institute from appear-ing
as a heap of external and useless rules, whose letter, when the
spirit is lacking, kills; it is to make them in fact instruments of
danuary. 1955 THE RELIGIOUS LIFE
heavenly virtue that those subject to them may be able to conceive
an ever higher desire for sanctity and, in imitation of the Apostle
St. Paul, may spend their strength to purchase the salvation of their
neighbor. If those consecrated to God are to be adapted to the
ways of modern times, they are in no way to yield to the demands
or senseless persuasion and invitations of the world." Letter An-nouncing
the General Congress on the States of Perfection, 43-1951-
25.
20. "When young people hear the statements: ’We must keep
up to date’ and ’Our efforts must be commensurate with the times,’
they are fired with an extraordinary ardor of soul, and if they are
serving under the standard of religious militia, they keenly desire
to direct the efforts of their future religious undertakings according
to this principle. To a certain extent that is proper. For it has
often happened that the founding fathers of religious institutes con-ceived
their foundations in order to meet the challenge which newly
emerging needs were urgently presenting to the Church or her works;
and in. this way they harmonized their enterprises with their age.
Hence if you wish to walk in the footsteps of your predecessors, act
as they acted. Examine thoroughly the beliefs, convictions and con-duct
of your own contemporaries, and if you discover in them
elements that are good and proper, make these worthwhile features
your own; otherwise you will never be able to enlighten, assist,
sustain and guide the men of your own time." Address to the Gen-eral
Con, gress on the States of Perfection, 43-1951-33, 34.
21. "There are, however, circumstances, and not a few, when you
can and ought to accommodate yourselves to the temper and needs
of men and the age. Indeed to a great extent this has actually been
done, and now the task is being completely and perfectly accomp-lished
by y~ur combined counsels and plans. As may be seen from
the variety of your undertakings both as individuals and as insti-tutes,
you have already initiated many adjustments in schools, in
the training of youth, in the alleviation of human misery and in
the cultivation and promotion of learning. Hence it must be ad-mitted,
and Our affirmation admits of no denial, that a vast amount
of energy is even now being expended to meet the altered condi-tions
of our era with new and effective resources." Address to the
General Congress on the States of Perfection, 43-1951-34.
22. "With regard to the religious habit, choose one that expresses
your interior lack of affectation, simplicity and religious modesty.
POPE PlUS XII ~Review for Religious
It will then be edifying to all and also to modern youth." Apostolic
Exhortation to the Ibternational Conoention of Teaching Sisters,
43-1951-741.
23. "The constitutions also, taken in both. their letter and spirit,
facilitate and procure for the sister everything that she needs and
should do in our day- to be a good teacher and educator. That is
evident in the purely mechanical aspect. For example, today in sev-eral
countries sisters also, in a becoming manner, ride bicycles ~vhen
this is demanded by their work. In the beginning this was some-thing
completely new, but it was not contrary to the Rule. It is
possible that some points of the horarium, some prescriptions that
are only mere applications of the Rule, some customs that corres-ponded,
perhaps, to circumstances of the past but now only hinder
the work of education should be adapted to the new circumstances.
Higher superiors and the genera! chapter shall take care to proceed
in this matter conscientiously, with clear-sightedness, prudence and
courage and, when necessary, they shall not fail to submit the pro-
.posed changes to the competent ecclesiastical authority. You wi~h
to serve the cause of ,Jesus Christ and His Church according to the
needs of the modern world. The
Eyewitness accounts of 'the Indies' in the Later Medieval West: reading, reception, and re-use (c. 1300-1500)
No full textDespite increased mercantile and missionary contact between the Latin West and India and China between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries, scholars have often
noted that Western Europe's knowledge of India, as judged by geographical texts from the period, changed surprisingly little during this time. This thesis employs
some of the methodologies of reception studies in order to investigate the role played by first-hand travel accounts in the construction and change of concepts of the Indies
during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. It investigates in particular the reception in Italy, France and England of the information about the area known as
India or the 'three Indies' presented in the texts produced by two Italian travellers to the East: the Divisament dou monde of the Venetian merchant Marco Polo (c. 1298),
and the Relatio of the Franciscan missionary Odorico da Pordenone (1330).
The thesis falls into three distinct parts. In the first section, I contextualise the project with a broad survey of the Latin European ideas of India in the late thirteenth
and early fourteenth centuries and with an outline of the travellers' journeys and their contexts. The second part of the thesis provides a broad overview of the
circumstances of diffusion of the two travel accounts in England, France and Italy over the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, before conducting a detailed, manuscriptbased
investigation of the ways in which the two accounts of India were approached by their early readers. This investigation focuses principally upon the presentation
and possible modes of reception of the texts' geographical and ethnographic details and relies heavily on the evidence of presentation, paratext and the traces of reading
present in the physical texts of the accounts.
The third and final part of the thesis considers the evidence of the reception of elements from first-hand travel accounts in other textual and cartographic
productions. Proceeding on the basis of case studies, it demonstrates that first-hand accounts of 'the Indies' were used by the authors and compilers of cosmo graphical
texts in this period in a variety of ways. It suggests, however, that the manner and context of the deployment of elements from such accounts often tended to assimilate
these with, rather than distinguish them from, the writings of accepted authorities. This section also contrasts the way that details from travel accounts were re-used in
texts with the way the same information was handled in the composition of maps. Finally, by analysis of the ways eyewitness accounts of the Indies were re-used in
certain ambiguous and comic texts produced in this period, the thesis sheds light on an underexplored aspect of the reception both of eyewitness information and of the
genres in which it appeared. The appendices contain tables presenting information relative to the manuscripts discussed that support the arguments presented in section
two
Hinckley Journal of Politics vol 8
No full textHINCKLEY JOURNAL OF POLITICS 2007 Volume 8 Copyright ? 1998 by the Hinckley Institute of Politics and the University of Utah HINCKLEY JOURNAL OF POLITICS 2007 EDITORIAL BOARD Director Assistant Director Editor Editor Managing Editor Faculty Advisors Kirk L. Jowers Jayne Nelson Cameron B. Diehl W. Brett Barrus Courtney McBeth Chandran Kukathas,Dept. of Political Science Pei-te Lien, Dept. of Political Science Susan Olson, Dept. of Political Science Matt Bradley, Honors Faculty, Dept. of English Jeff Adams Christina Coloroso Robert Costa Julie Engar Jessica Fawson Isha Gupta Phil Herbert Remington Johnson Cheryl Phipps Jake Reid Patrick Reimherr Matthew J. Smith Shawn Strong Emmaly Wiederholt University of Utah Print & Copy Services Publications Council, University of Utah Hinckley Institute of Politics Connie Powell Student Board Members Printing Funding Art Direction The Hinckley Journal of Politics is published annually by the Hinckley Institute of Politics for students, public officials, university officials, and the public. The opinions expressed herein are not necessarily those of the University of Utah, the Hinckley Institute of Politics, the Publications Council, or the editorial board. Please direct your correspondence to the Journal Editors, Hinckley Institute of Politics, 260 South Central Campus Drive, Room 253, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, (801) 581-8501, or email: [email protected]. Look for the Hinckley Institute of Politics home page at: www.hinckley.utah.edu. HINCKLEY JOURNAL TABLE OF CONTENTS OF POLITICS 2007, VOL. 8 A Word from the Director . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Editors\u27 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 About the Hinckley Institute of Politics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 In Memory of Dr. R.J. Snow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Final Word . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89 ARTICLES STUDENT PAPERS Warming Up to Credit Freeze Laws: The Case of Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .W. Brett Barrus . . . . . . .7 Improving America\u27s Communities: Policy Proposals that Increase Civic Engagement and Improve America\u27s Built Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Bartly Matthews . . . . . .19 Rhetoric: How Politicians Manipulate Language and the Media To Shape Public Thought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Elspeth Gustavson . . . . . .29 Quantifying the Impact of Partisan Gerrymandering: Uncompetitive, Unresponsive, and Unaccountable American Democracy . . . . . . . . .Bryson Morgan . . . . . .35 The Ephemeral Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986: Its Formation, Failure and Future Implications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Matt Homer . . . . . .45 Women in Kuwait: The Struggle for Political Equality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .KaLyn Davis . . . . . .53 Stamping Out Icons: A Legal Analysis on How to Legislate Against Virtual Child Pornography Without Trampling Over the First Amendment . . . . . . . . .Paul T. Baker . . . . . .59 PUBLIC OFFICIALS\u27 CONTRIBUTIONS Sales Tax and Land Use: Are Utah Cities Being "Driven to the Mall?" . . . . . . .Senator Gregory Bell . . . . . .69 Voices from the Classroom: The Effect of Class Size On Teaching and Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Representative Carol Spackman Moss . . . . . .77 iProvo: A Telecommunications Success Story . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Provo Mayor Lewis Billings . . . . . .81 iii A WORD FROM THE DIRECTOR A s the director of the Hinckley Institute of Politics, it is my pleasure to introduce the 2007 Hinckley Journal of Politics. Continuing in the outstanding academic tradition of the Hinckley Journal, this year\u27s edition represents quality research on issues relevant to Utah, our nation, and the world. Topics range from statewide education initiatives and toxic waste management to federal healthcare mandates and feminism in the Middle East. Each article comes from bright and dedicated students seeking to both expand their own knowledge while simultaneously provide substantive research and analysis in their field. In addition to student contributions to the Journal, we are grateful for and enlightened by articles submitted by Provo Mayor Lewis Billings, Senator Gregory Bell and Representative Carol Spackman Moss. This fantastic compilation could not have come to fruition without the diligent work of its 2007 co-editors Cameron Diehl and W. Brett Barrus. Additionally, the tireless effort of the Managing Editor Courtney McBeth, our Faculty Advisors, Student Board Members, and Hinckley Institute staff was pivotal in making this year\u27s Journal possible. Through the various opportunities offered through the Hinckley Institute of Politics, University of Utah students are able to apply the theories and concepts they learn in the classroom to real world experiences. To date, the Hinckley Institute has placed and supported over 4,000 interns in political offices throughout the State of Utah, in Washington D.C., and at a host of international locations. Interns are required to complete a research paper based on the issues pertinent to their internships and, therefore, reflect practical ideas and conclusions about some of today\u27s most pressing issues. The Journal represents some of the best and most compelling of these papers. We still mourn the loss of R.J. Snow a great friend and mentor. The Journal reflects R.J.\u27s life-long pursuit of helping students put serious academic study to practical effect and then to memorialize those experiences through thoughtful research and writing. It is an honor to dedicate this Journal to our beloved R.J. Snow. Sincerely, Kirk L. Jowers Director, Hinckley Institute of Politics 1 EDITORS\u27 NOTES HINCKLEY JOURNAL OF POLITICS\u27 MISSION STATEMENT The Hinckley Journal of Politics strives to publish scholarly papers of exceptional caliber, promoting the intellectual talents and knowledge of University of Utah undergraduate students. Contributing articles should address pertinent issues by illuminating key problems and potential solutions, adhering to the highest standards of political research and analysis. The Journal seeks to cover issues ranging from local to international political concerns, embracing diverse perspectives and a variety of analytical approaches. With this publication, the Hinckley Institute hopes to encourage reader involvement in the intriguing world of politics. GENERAL COMMENTS It has been an honor to serve as editors for the 2007 edition of the Hinckley Journal of Politics. We thank the student authors and the public officials who have contributed to this year\u27s Journal for their hard work. The Journal is one of many wonderful opportunities the Hinckley Institute provides for undergraduate students. We are indeed appreciative of the generosity of the Hinckley family for their vision of the need for student involvement in practical politics and the principle of citizen involvement in government. We thank the Hinckley staff for their dedication to students. We also commend the student authors for their involvement in the political process, whether it is serving an internship, working on a campaign, or studying politics. We hope you will find the articles within the Journal thought-provoking and timely. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The editors of the Hinckley Journal of Politics wish to thank: ? This year\u27s published authors, for their hard work and excellent writings in politics. ? This year\u27s contributing public officials: Utah State Representative Carol Spackman Moss, Utah State Senator Gregory Bell and Provo City Mayor Lewis Billings for their continued efforts in representing the people of Utah and for their support of the Hinckley Institute of Politics. ? This year\u27s Editorial Board members, for reviewing and making the final selection of papers for publication, and for distributing the weight of the load required in putting together this publication. ? This year\u27s Faculty Advisors, Chandran Kukathas, Pei-te Lien, Susan Olson and Matt Bradley for their work in reviewing and editing the published student papers. ? Robert H. Hinckley and the Hinckley family. Because of Mr. Hinckley\u27s vision and the support of his family, many students at the University of Utah have been given the opportunity to gain a greater respect and love for politics and of our system of government. ? All of the students who submitted papers for publication. ? The many people who have given their support to the Hinckley Institute of Politics. ? Hinckley Institute of Politics Managing Editor Courtney McBeth and Hinckley Institute Staff. 2 EDITORS\u27 NOTES GENERAL SUBMISSION GUIDELINES The Hinckley Journal of Politics welcomes submissions from University of Utah undergraduate students of any discipline, members of the faculty, and Utah\u27s public officials of any capacity. Any political science-related topic is acceptable. The scope can range from university issues to international issues. Papers must adhere to the following submission guidelines to be considered for publication. 5. STYLE GUIDELINES: Papers must adhere to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA style) for intext citations, referencing, and submission/publication format. A style guideline is available at the Hinckley Institute of Politics or online at the Hinckley Institute of Politics website under Publications. 6. REVIEW AND NOTIFICATION PROCEDURES: SUBMISSION GUIDELINES FOR STUDENTS 1. SUBMISSION COPIES: Authors must submit one hard copy of their paper. The editors kindly request that authors submit a maximum of three papers for consideration each year. Submissions will be reviewed by the Journal editors, members of the editorial board, and faculty advisors. Submission of a paper does not guarantee publication. Papers that do not adhere to submission and style guidelines will not be considered for publication. Acceptance to the Journal is competitive. The editors will notify potential authors when the decision has been made as to which papers have been selected for publication. 2. SUBMISSION COVER PAGE: The first page of the paper should include the author\u27s name, email, telephone number, and full address; the title of the paper; and an abstract of the paper approximately 150 words in length. SUBMISSION GUIDELINES FOR PUBLIC OFFICIALS: The Journal will consider for publication essays written by national, state, and local public officials. For paper guidelines, public officials may contact the Journal editors. CORRESPONDENCE MAY BE SENT TO: University of Utah Hinckley Institute of Politics 260 South Central Campus Drive Room 253 Salt Lake City, UT 84112-9151 Phone: (801) 581-8501 Fax: (801) 581-6277 Email: [email protected] 3. PAPER LENGTH: Papers should be between 10 and 35 pages in length. 4. PAPER FORMAT: Papers should be formatted as follows: ? Double-spaced (exceptions: tables and charts). ? Number all pages in the upper right-hand corner of each page except the first page. ? Use single column format with 1" margins on the top, bottom, left, and right. ? Print on one side of the paper. ? Use 12 point Times New Roman font. ? The author\u27s name should appear on the cover page only and not on any subsequent pages. 3 ABOUT THE HINCKLEY INSTITUTE OF POLITICS ROBERT H. HINCKLEY A man of vision and foresight, a 20th century pioneer, a philanthropist, an entrepreneur, and an untiring builder of education and of the American political system--all are apt descriptions of Robert H. Hinckley, a Utah native and tireless public servant. Robert H. Hinckley began his political career as a state legislator from Sanpete County and a mayor of Mount Pleasant. Hinckley then rose to serve as the Utah director for the New Deal program under President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Hinckley went on to serve in various capacities in Washington, D.C., from 1938 to 1946 and again in 1948. During those years he established and directed the Civilian Pilot Training Program, served as Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Air, and directed the Office of Contract Settlement after WWII. In these positions Hinckley proved himself to be, as one of his colleagues stated, "One of the real heroes of the Second World War." Also in 1946, Hinckley and Edward Noble jointly founded the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), and over the next two decades helped to build this company into the major television network it is today. Spurred by the adverse political climate of the `40s, `50s, and `60s, Hinckley recognized the need to demonstrate that politics was "honorable, decent and necessary," and to encourage young people to get involved in the political process. After viewing programs at Harvard, Rutgers and the University of Mississippi, Hinckley believed the time was right for an institute of politics at the University of Utah. So in 1965, through a major contribution of his own and a generous bequest from the Noble Foundation, Robert H. Hinckley established the Hinckley Institute of Politics to promote respect for practical politics and to teach the principle of citizen involvement in government. "Every student a politician" was Hinckley\u27s dream. The Hinckley Institute of Politics strives to fulfill that dream by sponsoring internships, scholarships, forums, mentoring and a minor in Campaign Management. Today, 42 years later, Hinckley\u27s dream is a reality. More than 4,000 students have participated in programs he made possible through the Hinckley Institute of Politics. Many of these students have gone on to serve as legislators, members of Congress, government staffers, local officials, and judges. All participants have, in some measure, become informed, active citizens. Reflecting on all of his accomplishments, Robert H. Hinckley said, "The Hinckley Institute is one of the most important things I will have ever done." 4 ABOUT THE HINCKLEY INSTITUTE OF POLITICS HINCKLEY INSTITUTE OF POLITICS UNIVERSITY OF UTAH The Hinckley Institute of Politics at the University of Utah is a bipartisan institute dedicated to engaging students in governmental, civic, and political processes; promoting a better understanding and appreciation of politics; and training ethical and visionary students for service in the American political system. Robert H. Hinckley founded the Hinckley Institute of Politics in 1965 with the vision to, "teach students respect for practical politics and the principle of citizen involvement in government." Since it\u27s founding, the Hinckley Institute has provided a wide range of programs for students, public school teachers and the general public including: internships, courses, forums, scholarships and mentoring. The Hinckley Institute places emphasis on providing opportunities for practical experience in politics. INTERNSHIP PROGRAM A nationally recognized program and the heart of the Hinckley Institute, the Hinckley internship program provides internship scholarships and places over 200 students every year in political and government offices, non-profit organizations, campaigns, and think tanks. The Institute provides internship opportunities to students from all majors for academic credit in Washington, D.C., at the Utah State Legislature, in local offices and campaigns, and internationally. CAMPAIGN MANAGEMENT MINOR The Hinckley Institute of Politics offers an undergraduate minor in Campaign Management designed to provide undergraduate students the opportunity to learn the theory and practices that will allow them to be effective participants in election and advocacy campaigns. Students are required to complete a political internship and an interdisciplinary series of courses in areas such as campaign management; interest groups and lobbying; voting, elections and public opinion; media; and other practical politics. PUBLIC FORUMS AND EVENTS The Hinckley Institute hosts weekly Hinckley Forums where political speakers address public audiences in the Hinckley Caucus Room. Hinckley Forums enable students, faculty, and community members to discuss a broad range of political concepts with local, national, and international politicians, ambassadors, activists, and academics. The Institute also co-hosts national conferences on campaign finance. Past guests include Presidents Bill Clinton and Gerald Ford; Senators Orrin Hatch, John McCain, and Harry Reid; Utah Governor Michael Leavitt; and many other notable politicians and professionals. The speeches are broadcast on KUER 90.1 FM radio and KUED TV. SCHOLARSHIPS AND LOANS The Hinckley Institute provides substantial financial aid to students through the Robert H. Hinckley, Abrelia Clarissa Hinckley, Anne and John Hinckley, Senator Pete Suazo, and Scott M. Matheson scholarship funds. The Hinckley Institute is also the University of Utah representative for the Harry S. Truman Congressional Scholarship and the James Madison Fellowship--two of America\u27s most prestigious scholarships. HUNTSMAN SEMINAR FOR TEACHERS The Huntsman Seminar in Constitutional Government for Teachers is a week long seminar sponsored by the Huntsman Corporation. The primary focus of the seminar is to improve the quality of civic education in Utah schools by bringing Utah educators together with political experts and visiting politicians to discuss current events in Utah and American politics. The Huntsman Seminar is truly a unique opportunity for teachers to gain an in-depth understanding of local and national political issues. The Hinckley Institute of Politics is located in 253 OSH For Further Information call (801) 581-8501 DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE The Department of Political Science values its relationship with the Hinckley Institute for the opportunities the Institute provides students to enrich their academic studies with experience in practical politics. The Institute\u27s programs complement the academic offerings of the Political Science Department. Courses are available in five subfields of the discipline: American Politics, International Relations, Comparative Politics, Political Theory, and Public Administration. For undergraduate students, the Department offers a major with B.A. and B.S. degrees and a teaching minor. Undergraduate certificate programs in International Relations, Public Administration, and Practical Politics are open to both majors and non-majors. At the graduate level, the Department offers M.A. and M.S. degrees, including the Master of Public Administration, Master of Public Policy, and the Ph.D. degree. Dual degrees are available at the graduate level with Educational Administration, Law, Social Work, and Health Services Administration. The Department has several undergraduate scholarships, both need-based and merit-based available to entering freshmen and continuing students. The Political Science SAC (Student Advisory Committee) and Pi Sigma Alpha honorary society provide opportunities for students to get involved in departmental activities. If you have questions about the Department and its programs, contact the office at 252 Orson Spencer Hall, 581-7031. 5 IN MEMORY OF DR. R.J. SNOW (1937-2006) The Hinckley Institute joins thousands of former colleagues, students and interns in mourning the loss of Dr. R.J. Snow, the second director of the Hinckley Institute of Politics, serving from 1975 to 1985. R.J. was an extraordinary scholar and administrator and a mentor, friend and example to many. While his loss is painful and we will miss him dearly, he leaves a lasting legacy of love for our country and unmatched devotion to students and higher education. THE LEGACY OF R.J. SNOW "The people who leave the most lasting legacies are often those who don\u27t worry about such things while they\u27re alive. Such seems to be the case with R.J. Snow, the former University of Utah and Brigham Young University vice president who died on Tuesday in an automobile accident near his home. Snow, 68, was just preparing to teach his final political science course this summer before retiring. At a time when nerves in the state and nation are strained and tensions are often pulled taut, the loss of R.J. Snow is like the loss of a great athlete during crunch time. He was taken at a crucial moment. He was at the top of his game. Still, given all that, one hopes the life he lived will now resonate even stronger; that those who are left to grapple with the problems of politics, education and society will find his memory and meaningful example -- his legacy -- calling forth in themselves R.J. Snow\u27s hallmark decency and civility." Deseret Morning News, June 9, 2006. HINCKLEY INSTITUTE DIRECTORS REMEMBER THEIR COLLEAGUE AND FRIEND Hinckley Institute Director Kirk L. Jowers: "R.J. was a great mentor, friend, and example. The love he showed for the students and for our country has been his lasting legacy at the Hinckley Institute. I join thousands of former students and interns in mourning his passing." Hinckley Institute Director Ted Wilson: "He had a wonderful way about him. He would try to put salve on the wounds and balm on the situations to make the world better. He was very low key but very smart. He just really loved people." Hinckley Institut
Milo Canopener (August 1, 2011)
No full textAn archive of the Milo Canopener.The University of Lethbridge Library received permission from the Archives at Milo Library to digitize and display this content.Canada Post Agmt. # 40607518
MHO
CANOPENER
August 2011 Edition no. 255
Miio Can Opener
Box 12, Milo, AB T0L1L0
MILO LIBRARY N/C' - ’ ■• ' ' -
Published by Volunteer Staff
Layout Editors: Barb Godkin 485-8389,099-2213
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Cartoons / “Kids Say” Marina Vannatta 381 -6389
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. WSBMHBMBMHHBHI IHWWI|1 "llftl111—WMIWI<H1 W WlfflMWI
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ANNUAL ROAST BEEF
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Sunday
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At Milo Community HailAcross:
3 Bad colour for cooked meat
4 Distinctive taste
5 Preserved cucumber
9 Tomato based condiment
11 Can't cook if it is too strong
12 Have to mow first
13 DEETis one
16 Type of cut, or way to cook
17 Condiment see 5 across
18 ... off the grill
19 Cube item for liquids
21 Season for doing this
22 Served by the cob
23 You get a patty
25 High end cut of beef
26 Keep beverages in it
27 Can cook them too
29 Uninvited guests you can swat
31 Temperature for drinks
32 Burger surround 34 Fuel comes in jugs 36 Baby, back or prime
38 Utensil with tines
39 Face wiper
40 Can singe on lighting
41 Alternate spelling for 9 across
43 Noxious growing things 45 Lumps you can light
47 Invite them first
48 Cuts grass
49 Apply with a brush
50 Need this as prime ingredient
Down:
1 Pour on salad
2 Flick to ignite
3 Simmer in pot as side item
6 Break from work
7 Bars above flames
8 Manual alternative to 2 down 10 Eat outside away from home
14 Piped alternative to 34 across
15 32 across sheds these
20 Sliced veggie condiment
21 Concept of not getting burned
24 Add spice by massage 26 Fowl BBQ fave
28 Just a little is good
29 Yellow condiment
30 Too much fuel result
32 Term for overdone
33 Beverage with head 35 Herbs added for taste
37 Technical name for flipper
38 Swims before being cooked 42 Element of 46 down
44 49 across this stuff 46 Creates heat to cook
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It is both an honour and a privilege to be given the opportunity to serve as your Chief Administrative Officer, As I look forward in two, three and five years, 1 see both challenges and opportunities ahead of us. Challenges we face in bringing all the good things every rural municipality such as Milo needs - paved streets, economic opportunities and jobs for our residents, fully served Fire Hall, safe community, and what have you?
Africans have a saying “if you want to travel fast, travel alone but if you want to travel far, then travel together. ”
Yes, we have to do this travel together; there are challenges like any other community, but together, Milo will be able to build a thriving sustainable community where everyone can proudly call home. And yes, again, it can be done. The Village of Milo can do it. Just ask me why and I will give you just three (3) answers:
1. Milo is a community where a resident on his off-day, takes his mower and clear weeds in the village.
2. A community where an individual turn his personal truck into a Garbage Truck just to pick-up the Village trash without charge.
3. A community where a resident walks into the Village Office and say, I want to pay every cent I owe the Village so that the Village administration can function properly.
These are just a few remarkable things happening in Milo that will grow the community.
It is going to be a journey done through engagement and participation. For it is a journey we are going to do together and I am certain we can collectively and effectively manage the challenges we face here in Milo.
Respectfully,
Kwabena Oduro-Kontoh Chief Administrative Officer The Village of Milo
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Ail in good fun ... hope you are having a wionderfui summer!
Some More Oxymorons —
Government Organizations -Alone Together - Same Difference - Taped Live Plastic Glasses — Tight Slacks — Peace Force — Pretty TJgly — Head Butt — Working Vacation - Tax Return ~ Virtual Reality ~ Dodge Ram - Work Party Jumbo Shrimp - Microsoft Works - Freezer Burn - Accurate Estimate - Clearly Misunderstood
Apple Coffee Cake - a great way to use fall apples!
1 1/3 cup flour % cup white sugar 3 tsp. baking powder % tsp. salt
Vi cup butter @ room temp.
1 egg, beaten % cup milk 1 tsp. vanilla
3 apples, peeled and sliced
Cover apples with a squeeze of lemon to prevent from discolouring.
Topping: 1/3 cup brown sugar. Vi tsp. cinnamon
Place flour, sugar, baking powder and salt in a large bowl. Cut in butter into flour mixture until crumbly. Make a well in the center, To the beaten egg, add the vanilla and milk.
Pour into the well of the flour mixture, stir just enough to moisten. Place into a greased 8X8 inch pan. Arrange slice apples on top of batter, push in slightly. Sprinkle brown sugar/cinnamon mix over top of the apples. Bake in a 350 F oven for 35 - 40 min. Great with vanilla icecream or heavy cream poured over while still warm. Enjoy!Steak and Lobster Supper, Dance and Silent Auction
July 22, 2011Cheque presentation from Scotiabank. Wendy Hingley directed her Scotia Volunteer Employee Program Funds to this event. Sheldon and Katie Walker (event main organizers) are pictured at the far left and far right. In the middle are Scotiabank Milo employees Melissa Ginther, Wendy Hingley and Sarah Robinson.Milo District Ag. Society Steak Lobster Night July 22, 2011
Dinner & Dance Income:
Ticket Sales - 193 sold Leftover Steak & Lobster Dance Only Entry Total Dinner Income
10,873.00
Dinner & Dance Expenses:
Band
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Lobster 266 live = 4.85 each Salads, potatoes, butter etc Kitchen Workers Misc, plates, napkins, utensils Total Expenses
129.61
Liqour Sales
less expenses
Total Liqour Sale Profits
11,394.11
We still have a couple more expenses to come out for the Thank you.
The remaining balance will be divided equally amongst the Bike Path, Liberty School Project a Workout Room at the Arena.
The Milo Ag Society would like to thank all that attended. It was a very enjoyable evening.
Thank you to all that supported our event.FOR THE LOVE OF MILO was a HUGE success. With just over a month from start to finish, I am so pleased to say that this wonderful community fulfilled all of the goals and achievements that I had set out (in my head) to accomplish. With just under 200 people in attendance, we were able to raise right around the 11,000 mark. I am so overwhelmed at all of the special donations that came in to support our projects, whether it be a silent auction item or a cash donation. Businesses and people just began coming
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the day of the event! What a wonderful assortment of items we had from wine labeled “Liberty School”, baskets with exorbitant amounts of home made things, to “10 acres of Canola Production (with everything you would ever need to do this), it was very neat to see what was donated. I was so taken aback when I saw someone leaving with a basket of things that I hadn’t even seen donated! The giving nature of Milo and the surrounding areas was undoubtedly a surprise to some who have not experienced it yet. I want to thank all of those who helped in so many ways to help spread the word of our event and sold tickets and passed on e-mails and Facebook updates. I received many calls from people in other places wanting info about the night. A tremendous thank you also goes to those wonderful people who volunteered their time in many different ways to help out. There were a few places that I didn’t have enough pre-planning done and once again, people just stepped up and helped to fill in those spots that needed more volunteers. And especially to those of you who willing filled in as I coerced you that night! Already there have been many suggestions on how to make things even better for the next time. Thank you again to the Milo Ag. Society board for all of their help to pull this together in such a short time. Without everyone working together, this event would not have been a success. So thank you to everybody!
Sincerely, Katie WalkerBook Reviews
from Happy Acres
Hello again readers! Time to share my views on some recent reads, both Fiction and Non- Fiction.
I would also like to take this opportunity to invite other readers out there to share your opinions. The only thing better (and by that I
mnon mnro +mcHarrvrtVnr^ than on0 V)QQl< r0YT0W *“w'**‘ ~ ---~-----------*-----------
is a second review of the same book by
another person. So how about it? Suggested
titles or authors could be sent by email, we
build a list, and submit reviews. I’ll put my
email at the end, and welcome your comments.
Area 51 - An Uncensored History of America’s Top Secret Military Base
(Non-Fiction [really...] By Annie Jacobsen)
Nothing gets the conspiracy gene expressing itself better than Area 51 - the spot that is so secret it still does not officially exist. Unlike other stuff out there, this book is a compilation of memories by men who actually worked and lived on the base from it’s beginning. Only the de-classification of some projects and public release of information by Freedom of Information requests has allowed these men to speak after all the years, and they tell a fascinating tale. Nuclear rocket engines?
Dirty bomb tests? Astronauts training in H- Bomb craters? It’s all there and more. Perhaps the most astounding claims are those made about the Roswell Incident, and what was really on that craft.
Isolation Ward / Flawless
(Fiction by Joshua Spanogle)
I’m becoming a fan of medical thrillers, and have chewed through a bunch - but this guy is my favourite. Spanogle is an M.D. and creates a wonderfully complex and realistic hero who works as an investigator for the Center for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta Georgia. Plots involve all the scary
components of plagues, big pharmaceutical companies and human greed and weakness. Here is my ultimate compliment - with weaker authors I can burn through the last pages, knowing what action will take place and how the tale will end. With both these books the action was believable to the last page - no skimming, just solid suspense and real life endings. Read Isolation Ward first as the character continues in Flawless.
Triptych
(Fiction by Karin Slaughter)
Now for an adults only police procedural - and a very powerful novel full of surprises.
Nothing is as it seems at first. No one is totally good or bad; both villains and heroes have two sides. Suspense builds quickly, the action is believable and again, a real life ending. I’m about to start reading another novel by this author, and am actually saving it for a time when I can read cover to cover if I want.
Robopocalypse
(Fiction by Daniel Wilson)
Here I fell for a highly touted new novel about the dreaded Rise of The Robots - a premise science fiction (and screenplay - watch the movie I Robot) writers have played with for a long time. The book is a dark view of a possible future that is fast approaching as computer power and artificial intelligence research roars ahead. The cover art should sell a lot of copies in airports, and the style is unique, but this is one where I could use a second opinion. Not 5 books for me.
My email is [email protected] and I welcome your help at making this column more entertaining for all book readers.
Keep reading!
Cameron KlemDonna Bennett Deitz Account Manager, Small Business
200 Centre St.
P.O. Box 150 Milo, AB 403-599-4102
[email protected]
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Registered trademarks of The Bank of Nova Scotia.And another brainteaser, I li
The development of the British army during the wars with France, 1793-1815
No full textThe British Army that fought the engagement at Waterloo in 1815, was outwardly little changed from that which was engaged in the initial campaigns of the Wars, twenty-two years previously. Line upon line of red-coated, musket-armed infantry, manoeuvred as chess pieces across open fields, deciding the issue by volley and bayonet, having spent a hungry night exposed to rain and cold. The cavalry were still beautifully and often impractically clad, and were always seeking the decisive charge, on their unfed and often sickly mounts. The Army's commander still viewed his troops as 'the scum of the earth', who were rarely paid, and predominantly enlisted for life. It would therefore appear that little had altered from 1793 to 1815, and that this will be a study of continuity rather than change. However, this thesis will show that despite outward appearances, the Army that took the field at Waterloo was intrinsically different from the one that entered the conflict in 1793, being modernised in line with other institutions of state, and other European armies. This thesis is first and foremost intended to be a contribution to the history of the British Army from the outbreak of war with Revolutionary France in 1793, to the reduction of the forces after the battle of Waterloo in 1815. It proceeds from an assumption that the understanding of not only that history, but the history of the developing British state, will be significantly advanced through a study of the operation of, and the changes which took place within, the Army during the Wars with France
Historic Webster Vol. 11 No. 1
No full textHistoric Webster is a newsletter of the Webster Historical Society, Inc., created at the Society’s founding in 1974. The publication helped to serve the Society's mission of collecting and preserving the history of Webster, North Carolina. Webster, established in 1851, was the original county seat for Jackson County.Dickson Sl ater
Box 164
Davi dson, NC 280J6
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HISTORIC~
••••••••••••••••••---"_;e_w_;s:.:,le::.t.:te:.:..r of the Webster Historical Society, Inc.
VOLUME XI, NUMBER 1 WEBSTER, NORTH CAROLINA SPRING, 1985
The Cowan_s, Webster __ C_itizens
On a late spring afternoon in
1927, Mary BridgerS, a first
year teacher at Balsam Elementary
School in Jackson
county, spotted a dapper
young man on the Rolling
Green Golf Course near Webster.
He was wearing knickers,
fashionable at the time,
and an English-style cap
typical of the "roaring '20's."
She was impressed. Louise
Parker, a fellow teacher and
roommate at Balsam, soon introduced
Mary to the young
man who was Claude Cowan of
Webster. After a short courtship,
Claude Cowan and Mary
Bridgers were married at the
Bridgers' home in Macclesfield,
North Carolina, on
Christmas Day, 1928. They
soon returned to Webster
where they have made their
home for the past fifty-five
years. Claude and Mary have
two sons: Claude Jacob
Cowan, Jr., of Fairview Road,
Sylva, and William Joseph
Cowan of Tucker, Georgia. Claude and Mary Cowan's lives have been spent in and for Webster.
Madison poems will bEf published in
Summer by Society
The Poems of Robert Lee
Madison, a compilation of
poems, some known and many
being published for the first
time, will be released by the
Webster Historical Society in
the summer.
Professor Madison, a Webster
resident, founder of Western
Carolina University, and
a classical scholar, wrote hundreds
of poems in numerous
styles. He often shared these
verses with his friends through
little printed cards that he
distributed, through greeting
cards, or through his lectures.
It has long been a goal of the
historical society to preserve
these literary pieces. With the
permission of Mr. Madison's
family, the professor's poetic
works have been edited by Joe
P. Rhinehart ami a beautifully
printed volume is in
publication.
Larkspur Press, an art press
in Monterey, Kentucky, is
printing the book. Gray Zeitz,
the owner, is a master printer
and a former student of the
world famous Victor Hammar.
Zeitz and Hammar's
work have been exhibited in
many galleries, including the
Golier Club in New York.
Then, by hand, he will stitch
the books in soft covers in the
chapbook style. The chapbook
was developed in western
Europe in the nineteenth century
and, at that time, was a
cheap method of making books
available. Zeitz has revived
the style and has made it an
art form.
The Poems of Robert Lee
Madison, printed in a limited
edition, will appeal to Madison's
friends and students, collectors
of art, historians, and
readers of all sorts.
Professor Robert Lee madison wrote poems on many
subjects and in many styles.
They also have two granddaughters,
four grandsons,
two great grandsons, and a
great granddaughter.
CLAUDE JACOB COWAN,
SR. was born on September 9,
1902, on the Cowan farm bordering
the banks of the Tuckasegee
River near Webster.
He was the fourth of eight
children born to William Lee
and Luthena Wild Cowan.
After high school he held a
number of jobs related to his
interest in the field of electricity.
This was during the era
when electrical power was
first being introduced to residents
of Jackson county. After
a short time as an electrician's
apprentice, Claude Cowan
became an electrician and installed
the electrical wiring for
many of the old landmark
buildings and houses in Sylva,
Webster and throughout Jackson
county. He briefly worked
for the Dillsboro Power and
Light Company before opening
his own electrical shop in
Sylva.
As the Great Depression decreased
the demand for electrical
services and appliances,
Mr. Cowan closed his shop and
took a job with the Mead Corporation
where he worked for
several years as an electrician
and turbine operator. Then,
desiring to establish his own
business, he left the Mead Corporation
and built the Webster
Grocery Store which he managed
until 1951. During this
time he also served as Jackson
county's electrical inspector.
In 1951, Claude Cowan sold
his business to accept an appointment
with the North Carolina
Department of Agriculture
as a state regional inspector,
an appointment not alt()gether
unexpected since, in
addition to his qualifications,
he had successfully managed
the gubernatorial campaign of
Governor Kerr Scott in
Jackson county in 1950.
Before concluding his adult
working career, Cowan accepted
an appointment by the
Jackson County Board of Edu-
Continued on page 2
Page 2, HISTORIC WEBSTER, SPRING 1985
Mary and Claude Cowan have shared 55 yt
Continued from page 1
cation as the county's attendance
counselor, a position he
held until his retirement in
1967. Although he enjoyed a
variety of work experiences
throughout his adult life, his
first love was politics, as
evidenced by his successful
management of numerous
political campaigns for state,
regional, and local candidates.
He is most proud of the campaign
he managed for his
brother, Roy, who was elected
clerk of the Jacksdh County
Superior Court in 1938. Roy
was re-elected without opposition
each term until his death
in 1946.
In 1962, Claude Cowan was
elected to the Webster Board
of Aldermen, a position he
presently holds at age eightytwo.
As alderman, he takes
great pride in the many improvements
made on the
water system which was little
more than a small spring-fed
reservoir a few years ago. Of
equal pride to him is the fact
that Webster boasts a zero
crime rate, a fact that he attributes
to good neighbors
watching out for good
neighbors.
In addition to Claude
Cowan's many years of service
as an alderman, he was
an active member of The
Woodmen of the World, a
fraternal organization dedicated
to community service. He
is also a member of the
Fraternal Order of Masons
and was elected Master of the
Dillsboro Masonic Lodge by
his brother Masons in 1948.
Claude is a member of the
Webster Baptist Church where
he was active in promoting
building improvements and
acquiring a new parsonage.
During his retirement, he
enjoys keeping abreast of
local, state, and national
political events, serving on the
Webster Board of Aldermen,
and keeping his yard well
groomed. In the past, he spent
much time transporting elderly
friends and neighbors to
church, doctor's appointments,
the supermarket, the
drug store, and, as he says,
"just about anywhere else
they need to go."
When asked how he feels,
one is likely to get the standard
answer, "Well, I'm still kicking,
just not quite as high!" He
continues to maintain that
great sense of humor which
has characterized his personality
for eighty-two years.
Some would say that the one
thing Claude enjoys more than
hearing a good joke is telling
one. But most of all he is
known to his neighbors as an
accommodating friend, always
willing to help those in
need of his assistance.
MARY BRIDGERS
COW AN was born on April 1,
1905, in Macclesfield, North
Carolina. She was the sixth of
twelve children born to Joseph
Caswell and Nancy Owens
Bridgers. She was graduated
from high school in Edgecombe
county and attended
Farmville Women's College in
Farmville, Virginia for one
year before transferring to
Cullowhee Normal and Industrial
School (now Western Carolina
University) in Cullowhee,
North Carolina, where
she studied to become a
teacher. Upon graduation
from college she accepted a
teaching position at Balsam
Elementary School in Jackson
county. The following year
Mary Cowan accepted a teaching
position at Webster School
where she continued to teach
until her retirement in 1965.
Much of Mary Cowan's adult
life was centered around the
classroom and the children
she taught. As a teacher she
was best known for her ability
to "teach the unteachable."
Her fellow teachers have described
her as a master teacher
who was applying unique
methods of motivating children
to learn as well as techniques
of behavior modification
long before these methods
and techniques were written
about in the textbooks. And
yes, if this didn't work, she
was not above bribing a child
with food, money, extra privileges,
or just about anything
else that worked if that was
what was required to teach the
vowel sounds or the multiplication
tables.
Although the 3 R's came
first, Mrs. Cowan's appreciation
and love for music, art,
science, and social studies
were what made her classroom
a fun place to be. Her
students produced more musical
programs (operettas)
than any class in the school.
Her love of music was contagious
and her students responded
enthusiastically by
singing, dancing, acting, and
playing in the rhythm band.
Mary Cowan's personal enjoyment
and participation in
these activities with the
children kept her young short
Cowan and Rhinehart were
always on call for town
By Joe W. Rhinehart
Claude Cowan and I grew up together in Webster, but
because Claude was my senior we did not become close
friends until we were older. As boys we attended Webster
School, but Claude was ahead of me.
Our relationship has been close since we married and
Claude moved over the river. Claude was indeed a friend
in need for any time I needed help Claude answered the
call.
We are both interested in our town's welfare and to be
of service we both became aldermen. Our biggest job as
aldermen has been taking care of Webster's water works.
If the water "went off," a neighbor would call either
Claude or me to ask what the trouble was. We would get
together and search for the problem. Many times it would
mean digging up a pipe line or cleaning out the springs
on Kings Mountain. The springs, for many years, were the
source of Webster's water. When a major problem came
up we met with the other alderman and the mayor to
discuss the problem.
Now in our mature years and since we are among the
few native Websterites left, we enjoy sitting on the porch
in the sun talking about the "Good Old Days."
Joe Rhinehart and Claude
Cowan visit at the post office.
of her years.
In the spring of each year it
was not unusual to see Mary
Cowan and her entire third
grade assembled in the Cowan
garden or on the lawn catching
everything from butterflies to
the praying mantis. At other
times of the year they might
be seen collecting rocks,
leaves, flowers, or just about
anything of interest which
could form the basis for a
scientific nature study. These
activities, she believed, provided
welcomed relief to the
children from the rigors of
mastering the 3 R's and also
motivated them to develop a
sense of inquiry about their
environment.
It was mastery of the basics
plus the many enjoyable
educational experiences which
endeared Mrs. Cowan as a teacher
and as a person to four
generations of students. Her
service spanned thirty-six
years.
In addition to the three-plus
decades as a teacher in the
Jackson County Public
Schools, Mary Cowan was also
active in various church and
community activities. Prior to
her retirement, she was an active
member of the Webster
Baptist Church where she
served for many years as a
Sunday School teacher and a
member of the choir. She was
active in the Women's Missionary
Society and participated
in numerous other church
activities and charitable
causes.
No review of Mary Cowan's
accomplishments would be
complete without some mention
of her more subtle attributes
which are no less important
than her impressive
career as a teacher. As a wife,
mother, and individual, her
life has exemplified a love and
concern for others, especially
those less fortunate than she.
Her many acts of kindness to
those who found themselves in
a state of misfortune will long
be remembered by the many
whose lives she touched. Their
need of food, clothing, medical
attention, or sometimes just a
word of encouragement, never
went unattended if Mary
Cowan was aware of the
circumstances.
There is yet another side to
Mary Cowan's personality.
She must believe that
"laughter is the hand of God
on the shoulder of a troubled
world." Even today, her sense
of humor is equalled perhaps
only by that of her husband,
Claude.
CLAUDE AND MARY
COWAN have shared fifty-five
years together in Webster.
Summer, 1985, Claude
Spencer Clark Trio "Su
concert.
Among their most treasured
memories are the many good
neighbors and friends whose
lives have touched them over
the years.
Among their most 1
the many good neigh
lives touched them ov
Together they have shared
the good times and the bad
times . They endured the
poverty and deprivation of the
Great Depression. They
shared the grief and sadness
associated with the many
relatives, friends, and
neighbors who were wounded
or killed in World War II,
Korea, and Vietnam. They
EdUCI
By Joe P .
In 1956 I had earned the ho1
address at the Webster Sci
what I wanted to say to the c
it would be good to recall hi!
Webster was a stable com
thirty-nine seniors grown up
years together, but so had m
unusual for the whole famil
studied under the same tea,
In my memories of those d
ly more like family than im
not only qualified to instruc
highlighted the highlights.
What I wanted to say abou
said about a dozen more wl
lives. But there were things 1
our third grade teacher diff
obvious. After years of heari
into Mrs. Cowan's room and
made an impression- soft,
to do what she wanted?
Educators, in more recer
the "whole child." In 1946 t
Cowan. She had us performi
SPRING, 1985, HISTORIC WEBSTER, Page 3
~ars with Webster Claude Cowan has
always been interested in
politics. He helped with the
rechartering of Webster
and has served on the town
board for thirty years. He
has managed many a prospective
office holder's campaign
- always successfully.
When Roy Taylor of
Asheville became a candidate
for the United States
Congress, Cowan took over
his Jackson county campaign
and from his Webster
home helped elect Taylor to
Congress for several
terms.
and Mary Cowan attend the
mmer Evening in Webster"
have sympathized with and
assisted their many friends
who fell victim to the
devastating flood of 1940 as it
ravaged homes and other pro-
;reasured memories are
bors and friends whose
er the years.
perty along the banks of the
Tuckasegee River where the
Cowans lived at the time.
But all in all, they agree on
one thing as they share their
memories with frequent intervals
of laughter and good
humor: that is, they have been
richly blessed and have seen
more good times than bad.
Claude Cowan (center) helped Roy Taylor (left)
plan, with Gerald Hardy, his 1960 congressional
campaign.
"Claude Cowan is more like a brother"
By Mildred Cowan
Claude J. Cowan is a cousin of mine, though he is more
like a brother. He is a son of the late William Cowan, my
father's brother, who lived next door to my family.
In this day and time my mother would be called a
workaholic, and she sometimes would call on Claude to
babysit me. He was a good entertainer. He taught me
games such as jacks tones, hop scotch and jump rope. He
even tried to teach me to make tatting lace, but all I could
do was tie knots that would not slip to make a loop. He read
stories to me and taught me children's songs.
At school he was several grades ahead of me, but he
would still look after me. Then I went to boarding school
and after that moved to Asheville where I lived for four
years. In the meantime Claude married Mary Bridgers
of Macclesfield and they began to raise a family. Those
years we were not as close as we had been.
After my father's death, my mother and I sold the old
home place and bought a lot in Webster from Claude's son,
Billy Joe. When we became next door neighbors again we
took up where we had left off and again resumed our
brother-sister relationship. He is my adviser, my handy
man, and my confidante. I feel wonderfully blessed to have
someone like Claude for a friend.
Claude Cowan operated a service station on
Sylva's Main Street in 1951.
ate the whole child Mary-Cowan's philosophy:
Rhinehart
10r to deliver the salutatorian
tool graduation. In deciding
:lass and its guests I thought
:blights of our days together.
munity, and not only had we
together and spent our school
any of our parents. It was not
y, parents included, to have
cher.
ays, teachers, who were realtructors,
teachers who were
t but also knew how to love,
tone teacher could have been
to passed through our young
hat made Mrs. Mary Cowan,
erent, and the first was very
ng our mountain twang, to go
hear her soft down east drawl
gentle- who would not want
t days, talk about educating
his was nothing new to Mrs.
ng in a rhythm band. She had
Mary Cowan's third graders dance in Webster School's
annual May Day Celebration, 1958.
us keeping poetry notebooks. We did molding clay
sculpture.
Mrs. Cowan was a great believer in good manners, including
eating habits. Once she had the home economics
students appear during our lunch period, and, for several
weeks, they taught us the correct eating form: napkins and
one hand in the lap and of course, a clean plate alwaysthe
clean plate was sometimes hard to come by, but we
were graded, and so we ate correctly.
Mrs. Cowan was a thorough teacher in the academics.
Every activity tied into another. In a social studies class
we made a list of community helpers- teacher, police,
minister. These words became a spelling list. Then one
leader became the theme for a composition. Then the subject
became a clay sculpture for art class.
I knew twenty-eight years ago the value of good
teaching, and I wanted to let my commencement listeners
know the value of a good teacher, and so I recounted these
same events and those of other teachers to the audience.
Now, after twenty-four of my own years spent in a
classroom, I know even more the value of education, and
though forty years have passed since those third grade
days of being forced to each cafeteria spinach, I still eat
with one hand and I still clean my plate.
Generations of Webster citizens owe much to Mrs. Mary
Cowan.
Page 4, HISTORIC WEBSTER, SPRING 1985
From The Cowan Scrapbook ...
Claude Cowan in Webster, 1918. The
photographs were taken in the Madison yard
and the R. L. Haskett house is in the
background.
Mary Bridgers Cowan, summer, 1928. A photograph by
Donahue Studios in Sylva.
Mary Cowan and her son C.
Mary Bridgers was a native
of Macclesfield, North Carolina.
She was about nine or ten
when she and her friend Rev a
Phillips took a buggy ride. J., about 1933.
Mary Bridgers and her
friends at Western Carolina
University. Louise Parker is
left center and Mary Bridgers
is beside her.
"Summer Evenings . . . "
Summer, 1985, will be an
exciting time to be in Webster.
The Webster Historical Society
is planning its third
season of "Summer Evenings
in Webster" for July and it invites
natives and visitors to
attend the events.
Scheduled for Sunday evenings
at 5:30 in the Webster
United Methodist Olurch, the
program this year celebrates
the theme of "Anniversaries."
Stephen Hamilton, the artist-
in-residence at So'lthwestern
Technical College,
will open the season on July 7
with a concert of vocal and instrumental
music by Johann
Sebastian Bach and George
Frederick Handel, both of
whom celebrate their 300th
birthdays this year.
Harry Cagle, the leader of
"Harry Cagle and the Country
Cousins," will present a
concert on his violin on July
14. Cagle, who is known
across the South for his traditional
playing, will be
presented in a solo performance
which will include
dance music, hymns, and traditional
mountain music.
John Parris, author, editor,
and columnist, will read his
" Webster Stories ;" stories
set in Webster or about Webster
people on July 21. This
year marks the 35th anniversary
of the publication of Parris'
first volume of collected
pieces, Roaming the Mountains.
The series will end July 28,
with the third appearance of
the Spencer Clark Trio.
Clark, his wife Mary, and
drummer Hoyle Roberson,
will feature the music of
Jerome Kearn, whose centennial
is celebrated this year,
and his friends . This
popular program will be presented,
as usual, on the lawn
of Hilda and Huck Hoffman
on North Main Street and
Buchanan Loop.
A reception follows each
program to honor the performing
artists.
Madison Poems In Sunset Program
A long planned e~ent of fhe
Webster Historical Society
will be realized on July 5,
when the Society releases it's
latest publication, The Poems
of Robert Lee Madison.
Webster Mayor James
Simpson will preside over the
outdoor program set for the
back yard of Court House
Square at sunset, eight
o'clock.
Chancellor Myron L. Coulter,
Western Carolina University,
Kate Moore Rhinehart,
and Louise Madison Bedford
will speak on the professor as
educator, community leader,
and family man. Society president
Mildred Cowan will
present the Madison family
with the first numbered copy
of the book. Jim Gray, editor
of The Sylva Herald, will read
selected Madison poems. The
program will open with guitar
music and end with Dr. Alexander
A. Lesueuer on the
flute.
Sunset was Professor Madison's
favorite time and the
village was often entertained
by his front porch guitar and
flute concerts.
All are invited to attend this
special event to celebrate the
hundredth anniversary of Mr.
Madison's arrival in Jackson
County.
Miss Lucy's Picnic
Planned For July 4th
The second annual "Miss
Lucy's Picnic" will be held on
Thursday afternoon, July 4, at
4:30 on the lawn of Castalia,
the former home of Miss Lucy
Hedden, now the home of
Hazel and John Fobes.
Last summer the Webster
Historical Society revived the
picnic which Miss Lucy originated
years ago as a community
celebration of the nation's
birthday.
Only once, just after the end
of Worl
