196,322 research outputs found
Crotalus thalassoporus Meik & Schaack & Flores-Villela & Streicher 2018, sp. nov.
No full textCrotalus thalassoporus sp. nov. (Figure 5; Table 3) Crotalus mitchelli pyrrhus, Seib 1978, in part. Crotalus mitchellii, Grismer 2002b, Murphy and Aguirre-Léon 2002, Meik et al. 2012a, in part. Crotalus pyrrhus, Meik et al. 2015, in part. Description A diminutive insular species of speckled rattlesnake with overall pale appearance; background colouration tan to pinkish with a series of 27–40 indistinct blotches; blotches usually only slightly darker than ground colour, pinkish to pale brown, often appearing faintly rust-coloured; dark speckling on body is faint. Tail with 3–5 bands, last two or three distinctly black with pale cream interspaces. The head is similar in colouration to the body, but often with few dark specks, more conspicuous than stippling on trunk; grey postocular stripe indistinct. In colour pattern, C. thalassoporus is similar to C. angelensis, and in both species the anterior scales of the dorsal body blotches are tipped posteriorly with dark brown or black. A single row of nasorostral scales precludes contact between rostral and prenasal scales. Variation in standard phenotypic characters is presented in Table 3. Diagnosis The presence of nasorostral scales distinguishes the new species from all congeners except for species of the C. mitchellii complex. From C. mitchellii the new species differs in having typically fewer dorsal scale rows (21.5–22 vs 25), fewer subcaudals (16–22 vs 20–24), fewer temporal scale rows (7 vs 8), fewer supralabials (14 vs 16), fewer interrictals (22–23 vs 28), fewer prefrontals (18–20 vs 30–31), colour pattern (pale tan, pinkish, or beige ground colour with indistinct rust-brown blotches vs variable colour pattern), and smaller adult body size. From mainland populations of C. pyrrhus the new species differs in having typically fewer tail bands (3–4 vs 4–6), fewer dorsal scale rows (21.5–22 vs 25), fewer temporal scale rows (7 vs 8), fewer supralabials (14 vs 16), fewer interrictals (22–23 vs 29), fewer prefrontals (18–20 vs 27–34), colour pattern (pale tan, pinkish, or beige ground colour with indistinct rust-brown blotches vs extremely variable), and smaller adult body size. From C. angelensis, the new species differs in having typically fewer tail bands (3–4 vs 5–8), fewer dorsal body blotches (31–32 vs 40–41), fewer dorsal scale rows (21.5–22 vs 27), fewer subcaudals (16–22 vs 20–25), fewer ventrals (169.5–174 vs 182–188), more supralabials (14 vs 13), fewer interrictals (22–23 vs 29–30), fewer prefrontals (18–20 vs 25–26), and smaller adult body size. From C. polisi, the new species differs in having typically fewer tail bands (3–4 vs 5–6), fewer dorsal body blotches (31– 32 vs 40–42.5), fewer subcaudals in females (16 vs 17), more ventrals in females (174 vs 169), fewer interrictals in males (22 vs 26), fewer prefrontals (18–20 vs 21–27.5), and colour pattern (pale tan, pinkish or beige ground colour with indistinct rust-brown blotches vs slate or charcoal grey ground colour with indistinct blotches). Holotype Subadult male, MZFC-26410, field number JMM-648, collected on 19 March 2010 by Jesse M. Meik, Sarah Schaack and Matthew J. Ingrasci. Rostral plate is as high as broad (2.2 × 2.2 mm), separated from the prenasal scales by 3/2 nasorostral scales; internasal scales 2, with an additional tiny scale interpositioned at the anterior suture and in contact with dorsal edge of rostral. Head scalation highly irregular, making some scale designations ambiguous. Distinct canthal scales absent, but approximately 22 knobby scales of variable size and shape in prefrontal area; interocular scales 7; loreal scales 3/3, irregularly shaped; preocular scales 2/2, prefoveal scales 11/8, irregularly shaped, precluding contact between nasal scales and supraocular scales; subocular scales separated from supralabials by two scales at midpoint of eye; supralabial scales 15/15; infralabial scales 17/16; interrictal scales 24; dorsal scale rows at midbody 23; ventrals 169 (exclusive of three preventrals); subcaudal scales 21, undivided (except distal 3, which are divided); rattle fringe scales 10; rattle segments 3, chain incomplete. Measurements. SVL, 341 mm; tail length, 28 mm; head length (rostral plate to articulation of mandible with quadrate), 18.5 mm; head width (at widest point just anterior to articulation with mandible), 15.7 mm; proximal rattle segment width, 6.7 mm. Colouration and pattern in preservative. Overall ground colouration dirty cream with faint speckling; head with few faint grey specks; lateral surfaces of head with medium grey suffusion, labial scales with cream spots; ventral surface of head cream, immaculate, ventral surface of trunk cream with diffuse black specks; 37 indistinct body blotches only slightly darker than ground colour, some with pale centres, all primary dorsal blotches wider than long with exception of first four, fusing with faint lateral blotch series over posterior third of body to form crossbands; dark maculations on anterior and posterior margins of blotches give the impression of faint transverse bars along the length of the body; five tail bands, distal three black and two scales long. Type locality Piojo Island, Municipality de Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. Coordinates: N 29.018 W 113.465 (Figure 5). Type deposition Holotype at MZFC-UNAM; paratypes at MZFC-UNAM (MZFC 26411, MZFC 26412) and at UTAARDRC (UTA R-59766, UTA R-59767). Etymology The specific name is derived from the Greek word meaning ‘seafarer’, and is a reference to the apparent historical introgression we note between this taxon and the population of speckled rattlesnakes on Smith Island, most likely resulting from oversea dispersal of propagules from Piojo Island (see Discussion).Published as part of Meik, Jesse M., Schaack, Sarah, Flores-Villela, Oscar & Streicher, Jeffrey W., 2018, Integrative taxonomy at the nexus of population divergence and speciation in insular speckled rattlesnakes, pp. 989-1016 in Journal of Natural History 52 (13 - 16) on pages 1006-1008, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1429689, http://zenodo.org/record/517455
Crotalus polisi Meik & Schaack & Flores-Villela & Streicher 2018, sp. nov.
No full textCrotalus polisi sp. nov. (Figure 5; Table 3) Crotalus mitchellii, Grismer 2002a, Murphy and Aguirre-Léon 2002, Meik et al. 2012a, in part. Crotalus pyrrhus, Meik et al. 2015, in part. Description A diminutive insular species of speckled rattlesnake with overall dusky appearance; background colouration is medium grey with a series of 36–48 indistinct and irregularly shaped dorsal body blotches, usually slate to charcoal grey in colour, only slightly darker than background; tail with 5–8 bands, last several are black with cream interspaces. The head is similar in colour to the body, with dark lateral suffusion and often with a faint postocular stripe and parietal blotches. Pattern is heavily punctated with black specks; blotches are usually wider than long, and merge with secondary lateral series to form muted crossbands on the posterior half of the body. A single row of nasorostral scales precludes contact between rostral and prenasal scales. Variation in selected phenotypic characters is presented in Table 3. Diagnosis The presence of nasorostral scales distinguishes the new species from all congeners except for species of the C. mitchellii complex. From C. mitchellii the new species differs in typically having more tail bands (range of mode or median between males and females of each species is presented for all comparisons: 5–6 vs 3–4), more dorsal body blotches (40–42.5 vs 32–34), fewer dorsal scale rows (23 vs 25), shorter ultimate supralabial scale (slightly longer than high vs twice as long as high), fewer supralabials (14 vs 16), fewer ventral scales in females (169 vs 180), fewer temporal scale rows (7 vs 8), colour pattern (mostly uniform colour pattern of slate or charcoal grey with indistinct blotches vs variable colour pattern), and smaller adult body size. From mainland populations of C. pyrrhus the new species differs in having typically more dorsal body blotches (40–42.5 vs 33–34), fewer dorsal scale rows (23 vs 25), fewer ventrals (168–169 vs 176), fewer temporal scale rows (7 vs 8), fewer supralabials (14 vs 16), colour pattern (mostly uniform colour pattern of slate or charcoal grey with indistinct blotches vs extremely variable), and smaller adult body size. From C. angelensis the new species differs in having typically fewer dorsal scale rows (23 vs 27), more supralabials (14 vs 13), fewer ventrals (168–169 vs 182–188), colour pattern (colour pattern of slate or charcoal grey with indistinct blotches vs buff or pink ground colour with grey to russet hexagonal blotches), and smaller adult body size. From C. thalassoporus, the new species differs in having more tail bands (5–6 vs 3–4), more dorsal body blotches (40–42.5 vs 31–32), more interrictals (25–26 vs 22–23), more prefrontals (21–27.5 vs 18–20), and colour pattern (colour pattern of slate or charcoal grey with indistinct blotches vs fawn, pinkish or beige ground colour with indistinct rust-brown blotches). Holotype Adult female, MZFC-26408, field number JMM-642, collected on 18 March 2010 by Jesse M. Meik, Sarah Schaack and Matthew J. Ingrasci. Rostral plate slightly broader than high (2.5 × 2.2 mm). Head scalation highly irregular, making some scale designations ambiguous. Rostral-prenasal contact precluded by 3/3 nasorostral scales; two internasals contact rostral; distinct canthal scales absent, but approximately 29 knobby scales of variable size and shape in prefrontal area; interocular distance spans a minimum of six scales; loreal scales 4/4, irregularly shaped; preocular scales 2/2, upper prefoveal scales irregular, lower prefoveal scales large and broadly contact first three supralabial scales on both sides; subocular scales separated from supralabials by three scales at midpoint of eye; supralabial scales 14/14; infralabial scales 15/15; interrictal scales 25; dorsal scale rows at midbody 23; ventrals 168 (exclusive of one preventral); subcaudal scales 17, undivided; rattle fringe scales 12; rattle segments 6, button present. Measurements. Snout–vent length (SVL), 445 mm; tail length, 23 mm; head length (rostral plate to articulation of mandible with quadrate), 20.7 mm; head width (at widest point just anterior to articulation with mandible), 19.9 mm; proximal rattle segment width, 8.5 mm. Colouration and pattern in preservative. Head with diffuse black speckling; lateral surfaces of head dusky with faint postocular stripe; labial scales with cream blotches (appearing as ‘blotch negatives’ against surrounding ground colour); ventral surface of head cream with faint black specks on periphery, ventral surface of body also cream with diffuse black specks, becoming more prominent on posterior one fourth of body; 38 dusky grey body blotches with narrow (0.5–2 scales long) cream interspaces; blotches indistinct with ill-defined borders, all wider than long, fusing with faint lateral blotch series over posterior third of body to form crossbands; five tail bands, distal four black and only one to two scales long. Type locality Cabeza de Caballo Island, Municipality de Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. Coordinates: N 28.971 W 113.479 (Figure 5). Type deposition Holotype at MZFC-UNAM; paratypes at MZFC-UNAM (MZFC 26407, MZFC 26409) and at UTAARDRC (UTA R-59763, UTA R-59764, UTA R-59765). Etymology The specific name is a patronym honouring the late Gary A. Polis of the University of California Davis, a renowned arachnologist and desert food-web ecologist, who died at sea on 27 March 2000 when his research vessel capsised in a gale while returning to Bahía de Los Angeles from an expedition to Cabeza de Caballo Island. In addition to Polis, four other researchers, including postdoctoral fellow Michael D. Rose of UC Davis, and Takuya Abe, Masahiko Higashi and Shigero Nakano of Kyoto University, Japan, perished on that day. Four other UC Davis researchers and students survived the tragedy, and by their accounts, the deceased heroically gave their lives to help ensure their survival.Published as part of Meik, Jesse M., Schaack, Sarah, Flores-Villela, Oscar & Streicher, Jeffrey W., 2018, Integrative taxonomy at the nexus of population divergence and speciation in insular speckled rattlesnakes, pp. 989-1016 in Journal of Natural History 52 (13 - 16) on pages 1003-1005, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1429689, http://zenodo.org/record/517455
Figure 1 in Integrative taxonomy at the nexus of population divergence and speciation in insular speckled rattlesnakes
No full textFigure 1. Distribution of species of the speckled rattlesnake (Crotalus mitchellii) species complex in western North America. Symbols represent sampling locations and indicate species and populations recognised in this publication.Published as part of Meik, Jesse M., Schaack, Sarah, Flores-Villela, Oscar & Streicher, Jeffrey W., 2018, Integrative taxonomy at the nexus of population divergence and speciation in insular speckled rattlesnakes, pp. 989-1016 in Journal of Natural History 52 (13-16) on page 990, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1429689, http://zenodo.org/record/517455
Figure 2 in Integrative taxonomy at the nexus of population divergence and speciation in insular speckled rattlesnakes
No full textFigure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogram constructed from three concatenated mitochondrial gene fragments (ATP, cyt-b and 16S). Nodal support values are posterior probabilities from a partitioned Bayesian analysis. Populations or species discussed in the text are indicated with vertical bars.Published as part of Meik, Jesse M., Schaack, Sarah, Flores-Villela, Oscar & Streicher, Jeffrey W., 2018, Integrative taxonomy at the nexus of population divergence and speciation in insular speckled rattlesnakes, pp. 989-1016 in Journal of Natural History 52 (13-16) on page 998, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1429689, http://zenodo.org/record/517455
THE EFFECTS OF PLYOMETRIC TRAINING INTERVENTION ON VALGUS AND VARUS KNEE MOVEMENT
No full textM. Schaack, M. Aylward, J. Styner, J. Savage
Lewis-Clark State College, Lewiston, ID
PURPOSE: To determine if a six-week plyometric training intervention would significantly decrease valgus knee movement in post-pubescent, adolescent females. METHODS: Eighteen female subjects, ages 13-17, participated in pre- plyometric training intervention testing consisting of a 5-minute warm-up on a cycle ergometer, followed by 3-max vertical jumps using a Vertec™. Reflective markers were placed on the following right and left anatomical locations: anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), center of patella, and lateral malleolus of fibula. Both pre- and post-testing max vertical jumps were recorded using a digital camera and analyzed using Kinovea™ software to identify valgus angles. Prior to post-testing, all participants completed a six-week (3 days/week) plyometric intervention program. Throughout training sessions, participants were provided specific coaching cues in order to reduce valgus motion, as well as other incorrect mechanics. Training consisted of similar exercises: depth jumps, jump and reach, power skips. Intensity increased throughout training. Following the six-week plyometric training intervention, participants completed post-testing, consistent with pre-testing methods. Data were analyzed using an alpha value ofp\u3c 0.05. RESULTS: Significant differences were present in valgus knee angles, p= 0.001. Means were calculated for pre- (M = 27.9 degrees) and post- (M = 12.9 degrees) valgus angles. There were no significant differences in participant max vertical jumps ( p= 0.430). Means were calculated for pre- (M = 16.03 inches) and post- (M = 16.67 inches) max vertical jump height. However, 12 of 18 (66.7%) participants increased their vertical jump height. CONCLUSION: The results propose that the plyometric intervention training had a significant decrease on valgus knee angles, but did not significantly increase vertical jump height.
Supported by LCSC Internal Research Grant
Dr. Duane M. Jackson, Morehouse College, July 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Dr. Duane M. Jackson. Dr. Jackson talks about his paper, "Recall and the Serial Position Effect: The Role of Primacy and Recency on Accounting Students' Performance." Jackie Daniel, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States" By M. Carey.
No full text"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States: containing bried sketches of the moral and political character of those states.
By M. Carey, member of the American philosophical, and of the American Antiquarian Society, and author of The Olive Branch, Cindiciae Hibernicae, essays on banking, on political economy, and on internal improvement.
To which are now added the English editor's comments on the subject; together with Important Advice to Emigrants, and Cautions Against Impositions Practiced in the Outports
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Dr. Glendon Swarthout
No full textHosted by Roger M. Busfield, MSU Assistant Professor of Speech and Theater, Meet the Author is designed to introduce a general audience to a contemporary author and their work through in-depth interviews. This episode features a conversation between Dr. Glendon Swarthout, prolific author and English professor at MSU, and assistant professors Sam S. Baskett and Theodore B. Strandness
Figure 4 in Integrative taxonomy at the nexus of population divergence and speciation in insular speckled rattlesnakes
No full textFigure 4. Scatterplots of first three axes from linear discriminant analyses of phenotypic data (a), principal component axes of microsatellite alleles (b), principal component axes of concatenated mitochondrial sequences (c), and principal component axes of concatenated nSNP data (d). Colour scheme: Crotalus angelensis = pink, C. mitchellii = red, C. polisi = gold, C. pyrrhus mainland = blue, C. pyrrhus El Muerto Island = black, C. pyrrhus Smith Island = brown, C. thalassoporus = purple.Published as part of Meik, Jesse M., Schaack, Sarah, Flores-Villela, Oscar & Streicher, Jeffrey W., 2018, Integrative taxonomy at the nexus of population divergence and speciation in insular speckled rattlesnakes, pp. 989-1016 in Journal of Natural History 52 (13-16) on page 1000, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1429689, http://zenodo.org/record/517455
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