1,721,004 research outputs found
L'approccio olistico del Progetto di Vita per un "Dopo di Noi" durante Noi
No full textIl “progetto di vita” rappresenta il cuore della Legge 112/16 e, data la sua significatività, questo capitolo è dedicato a inquadrare il tema del “progetto di vita” attraverso una approfondita literature review. L’indagine ha lo scopo di definire le caratteristiche del “progetto di vita”, le strategie che guidano la sua formulazione e gli indicatori che lo qualificano come elemento di garanzia per la dignità della persona e per il raggiungimento della qualità della sua vita. Lo studio è stato condotto all’interno del percorso di ricerca dottorale attivato dal Comitato Officina Dopo di Noi. Riporta le riflessioni emerse nel corso dell’esperienza condotta nel gruppo di lavoro interdisciplinare istituito dall’Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS) su mandato del Ministero della Salute nell’ambito del progetto Fondo Autismo, per la definizione del “progetto di vita” della persona nello spettro autistico basato sui costrutti di «Quality of Life» e sulle diverse necessità di supporto, livello di funzionamento adattivo ed eventuali disturbi associati. Questo lavoro si avvale della supervisione scientifica di Maria Luisa Scattoni, ricercatrice presso l’ISS, coordinatrice dell’Osservatorio Nazionale Autismo (OssNA) e del Network NIDA (Network italiano per il riconoscimento precoce dei disturbi dello spettro autistico) e, dal 2017, responsabile scientifico del progetto per l’utilizzo del “Fondo per la cura dei soggetti con disturbo dello spettro autistico” finanziato dal Ministero della Salute. L’esito di questo lavoro ha condotto alla pubblicazione inedita della voce “progetto di vita” su Wikipedia, grazie alla quinta edizione del corso “Science, Technology, Society and Wikipedia”, organizzato dalla Scuola di Dottorato del Politecnico di Milano
Behavioral phenotyping in genetic mouse models of Autism Spectrum Disorders: a translational outlook
No full textThe Italian validation of the Social Skills Program PEERS® in autistic adolescents: a randomized controlled trial during COVID-19
No full textBackground. Social difficulties are a lifespan characteristic of autism (ASD), targeted by preschoolers and children’s interventions while lacking evidence in adolescence. The Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS®) is a recognized parent-assisted program on social skills, but there is no validated adaptation in Italy.
Objectives. A two-arm RCT to evaluate the effectiveness of the PEERS® was conducted.
Methods. Thirty-seven ASD adolescents (Level 1) were randomly assigned to two groups: experimental (TG), attending training immediately, and the delayed treatment (WL), which participated after 14 weeks. Evaluation on primary (social abilities) and secondary outcomes (co-occurring conditions, executive functions) was performed at four-time points. Due to COVID-19, PEERS® it was delivered via telehealth and questionnaires to multi-informant assessors (adolescents, parents, and blinded teachers) were administered.
Results. No differences were found at T0 between TG and WL in baseline characteristics and primary outcomes. Significant group differences emerged between T0 vs. T1 on primary (TASSK-R; QSQ-Social Initiative Scale parent and adolescent’s versions) and secondary outcomes (BRIEF-2 Emotion Regulation Index). To test additional treatment-related effects, we evaluated the changes in the overall group (TG+WL) among pre- and post-intervention and follow-up. Further changes emerged in secondary outcomes (BRIEF-2 Global Executive Composite Score; CBCL-Youth; internalizing, externalizing, total problems; CDI-2 Functional Problems), maintained at a 3-months follow-up.
Conclusions. The efficacy of the Italian validation of PEERS® was ascertained on primary and secondary outcomes. Innovative findings on emotion regulation and depression symptoms have also emerged. Future studies should confirm the PEERS’ efficacy in community settings
Early behavioral markers for neurodevelopmental disorders in the first 3 years of life: An overview of systematic reviews
No full textBeing able to recognize red flags for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) is crucial to provide timely intervention programs. This work aims to support - within a scientific framework - the construction of an instrument capable to early detect all spectrum of NDD and explore all areas of development, detect failures in typical developmental pathways and point out atypical signs at all ages. This overview of reviews provides evidence for differences in children later diagnosed with NDD compared to typically developing peers such as delays in motor, language development and temperament in the first three years of age, repetitive/stereotyped behaviors, atypicalities/delays in play, object use, attention, visual, sensory processing and social engagement in the first and second year, and difficulties in feeding and sleeping in the first year. These behaviors must be carefully observed as potential red flags for NDD. However, data of the systematic reviews are not yet useful to develop an evidence-based clinical screening. It urges to increase efforts in producing systematic reviews on early behavioral markers for each NDD. Trial registration:CRD42019137731. (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=137731)
Neonatal basal forebrain cholinergic hypofunction affects ultrasonic vocalizations and fear conditioning responses in preweaning rats
No full textThe present study investigated the effects of intracebroventricular injections of 192 IgG-saporin in 7-day-old rats on (i) ultrasound vocalizations (USVs) on postnatal day (pnd) 13 following isolation and reunion with the mother and (ii) fear conditioning on pnd 18-19 recording both freezing and other behavioural responses as well as USVs. On pnd 13 lesioned and control pups showed comparable USV baseline values; a brief reunion with the mother induced a significant increase in USVs in all rats (maternal potentiation). On pnd 18, during the fear conditioning training, 192 IgG-saporin rats emitted a lower number of USVs. On pnd 19 all rats showed a stronger conditioned response (with full inhibition of locomotion) to auditory than to contextual cues. Surprisingly, lesioned rats showed a stronger fear-conditioned response to contextual cues than controls. These results suggest that early selective removal of the cholinergic basal forebrain paradoxically enhances hippocampally dependent fear-conditioned responses on pnd 19. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Early motor signs of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review
Full text linkADHD is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with onset of symptoms typically in early childhood. First signs of the disorder, including language delay, motor delay and temperament characteristics, may be evident as early as infancy. The present review describes published evidence about early motor signs of either children with later symptoms of ADHD or a later diagnosis of the disorder. Nine published cohort studies were included after a systematic search of related terms in PubMed and PsycInfo databases. Study eligibility criteria included: (1) report on early motor function or any motor-related signs; (2) the presence of a participants’ assessment by/at 12 months of age; (3) report of a later presence of ADHD symptoms. The limited number of reports included suggests an association between mild early neurological markers and later developmental coordination disorder and motor overflow movements. Unfortunately, due to their small sample sizes and focus on group reports rather than individuals, they have limited power to find strong associations. Early motor indicators of ADHD, if present, appear to be non-specific, and therefore not yet useful in clinical screening. Spontaneous motility seems to be a promising measure for early ADHD detection, although further studies with large cohorts are recommended to determine its clinical role in children at risk for ADHD
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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