1,720,959 research outputs found
Consequential support: The effects of inequality awareness on the endorsement of redistributive policies
No full textEconomic inequality is a harmful and pervasive phenomenon, with negative consequences affecting individual and societal wellbeing. The knowledge that inequality exists, however, does not seem associated to a greater demand for redistribution, possibly due to laypeople’s lack of knowledge about how economic inequality affects individuals and societies. In the present study, participants were informed of consequences of inequality for the individual and for society and were asked their opinion on redistribution. Awareness of consequences was found to reduce tolerance for inequality and to increase support for structural policies. Informing people of individual consequences, however, might lead them to reject economic policies. Together, these findings underline the potential for positive effects on information campaigns aimed at increasing support for redistribution and the need to investigate it through further research
The role of implicit attitudes and automatic processes in sustainable food choices.
No full textImplicit attitudes are subtle, unconscious beliefs that sometimes might differ from explicit attitudes, which are consciously expressed. For this reason, measuring implicit attitudes could reveal biases and preferences that explicit measures may not fully capture. In sustainability research, measuring implicit attitudes is crucial for capturing automatic processes that significantly influence spontaneous behavior. Indeed, many food-related choices are driven by automatic associations and emotions. While explicit attitudes often predict intentional behavior, implicit attitudes can influence automatic, spontaneous actions. Research shows that implicit attitudes are particularly influential in shaping eating behaviors such as meat and vegetable consumption. Among other findings, vegetarians exhibit a stronger implicit preference for vegetables, while omnivores hold less definitive biases. Implicit measures also reveal automatic gendered associations between meat and masculinity, highlighting potential resistance to dietary changes. Importantly, implicit biases can predict long-term intentions to reduce meat intake, especially when combined with social norms and cognitive dissonance. For this reason, studies emphasize the importance of integrating the analysis of implicit and explicit attitudes for understanding sustainability behaviors comprehensively
Focusing on the self to humanize others: the role of empathy and morality
Full text linkLiterature on dehumanization has mainly focused on factors that might reduce dehumanization and increase humanization of others. In this article, we claim that, rather than changing the way others are perceived, research on the topic should consider focusing on the human qualities of the self or ingroup, which could in turn facilitate people's humanization of others. The main focus of this approach is exemplified by morality and empathy, as they represent uniquely human characteristics needed for human survival. Several lines of research consistent with this notion are reviewed, highlighting how the relationship between self or ingroup focus, morality/empathy, and reduced dehumanization is relatively understudied. We conclude by suggesting that future research should address these issues, thus expanding the understanding of the factors leading to humanization - and ultimately improving relations between groups and individuals
Political ideology and sustainable eating: The role of values, disgust sensitivity, and food neophobia.
No full textThis chapter examines how political ideologies shape pro-environmental behaviors and sustainable food choices. Liberals tend to support environmental actions, while conservatives prioritize economic growth and stability. Here, we explain these ideological differences through various frameworks (such as system justification theory [SJT] and social dominance orientation [SDO]), emphasizing distinct values and moral beliefs. For instance, liberals prioritize openness, self-transcendence, and individualizing values promoting sustainability and ethical food choices; conversely, conservatives emphasize conservation, self-enhancement, and binding moral foundations, which increase support for traditional practices and induce resistance to sustainable alternatives. Additionally, food neophobia and disgust sensitivity play significant roles, as conservatives tend to exhibit higher levels of both, resulting in a reluctance to embrace novel sustainable food options, such as plant-based or lab-grown alternatives. In conclusion, we outline several relevant mechanisms, linked to political ideology, that have a crucial role in shaping attitudes and behaviors regarding sustainable food choices, underlining the importance of tailored communication strategies to promote effective behavioral change
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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