1,721,010 research outputs found
Rule-guided identification of cosmic-ray patterns in PLASTEX
No full textSome techniques devised in the computer science fields of pattern recognition and expert systems are being applied to the interpretation of EAS responses in the PLASTEX experiment. An attempt is made to codity in a set of rules the expertise of trained researchers who are able to recognize and classify different hit patterns even in the presence of noisy background, and in spite of imperfections in the detector response. The patterns expected to be useful include, but are not limited to, track patterns. The software described here, as a progress report, automatically finds patterns corresponding to isolated tracks, and patterns composed of tracks that connect with each other in a layer of dense material. Tracks are reconstructed iteratively, using both geometrical and internal consistency arguments. Multihits, geometrical inefficiency, mechanical imperfection and track bending are taken into account. Data preprocessing is applied to multihits according to a theoretical model of the particle-detector interaction, and the presence of tracks in dead detector areas is inferred by probabilistic arguments. Finally, particle scattering is allowed for using a variable-size tolerance cone during the track reconstruction procedure. Examples are given of application of the method to recognition of nearly straight tracks, such as those expected to be made by high-energy muons, and of more complicated patterns made of connected straight tracks. © 1992 Società Italiana di Fisica
EUSO: using high energy cosmic rays and neutrinos as messengers from the unknown universe
No full textExploiting the earth atmosphere as a giant detector for the incoming extraterrestrial fl ux of high energy cosmic rays
and cosmic neutrinos, the mission «EUSO-Extreme Universe Space Observatory» is devoted to the exploration
of the domain of the highest energy processes occurring in the universe up to its accessible boundaries. The
observable is provided by the air nitrogen fl uorescence light emitted in the UV band 300-400 nm by the extensive
air showers produced by the cascading processes of the primary cosmic radiation particles interacting with the
atmosphere. The EUSO telescope is based on a double Fresnel lens optics (diameter 2.5 m) coupled to a highly
pixelized focal surface composed multianode PMTs; the image at the earth surface is detailed at 1 km2 over a total
of several hundred thousand of km2. EUSO will fl y on the International Space Station accommodated as external
payload of the European Space Agency Columbus module. The mission is scheduled to last 3 years, with the start
of operations foreseen for 2007/8. The expectations are of a collection rate of a thousand events/year for cosmic
rays at E > 1020 eV together with tens/hundreds of cosmic neutrinos at energy above about 4 ¥ 1019 eV. EUSO is
the result of the collaborative effort of several institutions in Europe, Japan and USA and it is conceived within
the science program sponsored by various space agencies coordinated by ESA.PublishedJCR Journalope
EUSO: using high energy cosmic rays and neutrinos as messengers from the unknown universe
No full textExploiting the earth atmosphere as a giant detector for the incoming extraterrestrial fl ux of high energy cosmic rays
and cosmic neutrinos, the mission «EUSO-Extreme Universe Space Observatory» is devoted to the exploration
of the domain of the highest energy processes occurring in the universe up to its accessible boundaries. The
observable is provided by the air nitrogen fl uorescence light emitted in the UV band 300-400 nm by the extensive
air showers produced by the cascading processes of the primary cosmic radiation particles interacting with the
atmosphere. The EUSO telescope is based on a double Fresnel lens optics (diameter 2.5 m) coupled to a highly
pixelized focal surface composed multianode PMTs; the image at the earth surface is detailed at 1 km2 over a total
of several hundred thousand of km2. EUSO will fl y on the International Space Station accommodated as external
payload of the European Space Agency Columbus module. The mission is scheduled to last 3 years, with the start
of operations foreseen for 2007/8. The expectations are of a collection rate of a thousand events/year for cosmic
rays at E > 1020 eV together with tens/hundreds of cosmic neutrinos at energy above about 4 ¥ 1019 eV. EUSO is
the result of the collaborative effort of several institutions in Europe, Japan and USA and it is conceived within
the science program sponsored by various space agencies coordinated by ESA.PublishedJCR Journalope
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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