1,720,973 research outputs found
Rules of Engagement? Party Membership Costs, New Forms of Party Affiliation, and Partisan Participation
Get PDFThis chapter investigates whether variations in party affiliation rules have political consequences, looking in particular at their effects on partisan participation. The research presented here combines data from the Political Party Database with surveys of party members and party supporters, looking for evidence of whether potential affiliates’ behavior is sensitive to the relative costs of party membership. The data suggest that such sensitivity exists, with supporters being more likely to join parties which offer more benefits, and which offer membership at a lower price. They are also less likely to acquire traditional membership if cheaper affiliation options exist. Conversely, when membership is relatively costly, those who do join are more likely to use their membership by being active in the party. Our findings provide some support for demand-side views of party membership, according to which political parties are able to use membership rules to affect who joins a party.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The Strategic Adaptation of Party Organizations to New Information and Communication Technologies : A Study of Catalan and Spanish Parties
No full textAquest document se centra en els casos dels dos principals partits espanyols (PP i PSOE) i catalans (PSC i CDC) en el període immediatament després de les eleccions generals espanyoles de maig de 2008, quan aquests celebraren els seus congressos. En general, es poden distingir tres tipus d'actors: en primer lloc, els ciberactivistes que tracten d'obtenir el reconeixement formal de la seva activitat en els seus partits. Així com, els líders del partit que poden intentar promoure la presència del partit en el ciberespai, però que també poden romandre indecisos perquè no és clar l'impacte electoral a la xarxa del ciberactivisme. Finalment, alguns militants tradicionals (off-line) solen ser reticents al reconeixement del ciberactivisme perquè amenaça les recompenses previstes dins del partit. Aquest article mostra com els nostres partits varen respondre al desafiament del ciberactivisme i arriba a la conclusió que la seva situació electoral, mediada per la seva ideologia, estructura organitzativa i el tipus de militància, poden ajudar-nos a comprendre el grau diferent d'institucionalització en l'organització del partit.Este documento se centra en los casos de los dos principales partidos españoles (PP y PSOE) y catalanes (PSC y CDC) en el período inmediatamente después de las elecciones generales de mayo de 2008, cuando estos celebraron sus congresos. En general, se pueden distinguir tres tipos de actores: en primer lugar, los ciberactivistas que tratan de obtener el reconocimiento formal de su actividad en sus partidos. Así como, los líderes del partido que pueden intentar promover la presencia del partido en el ciberespacio, pero que también pueden permanecer indecisos porque no está claro el impacto electoral en la red del ciberactivismo. Finalmente, algunos militantes tradicionales (off-line) suelen ser reticentes al reconocimiento del ciberactivismo porque amenaza las recompensas previstas dentro del partido. Este artículo muestra cómo nuestros partidos respondieron al desafío del ciberactivismo y llega a la conclusión de que su situación electoral, mediada por su ideología, estructura organizativa y el tipo de militancia, pueden ayudarnos a comprender el grado diferente de institucionalización en la organización del partido.This paper focuses on the cases of the two major Spanish (PP and PSOE) and Catalan parties (PSC and CDC) in the period just after the Spanish general elections of May 2008, when these parties held their party conferences. In general, three kind of actors can be distinguished: first, cyber-activists that try to get formal recognition of their activity in their parties. Then, party leaders that can try to promote the presence of the party in cyberspace but that can also remain undecided because it is not clear the net electoral impact of the cyber-activism. Finally, some traditional off-line militants are typically reluctant to the recognizance of the cyber-activism because it threatens their expected payoffs within the party. This paper shows how our parties responded to the challenge of cyber-activism and concludes that their electoral situation, mediated by their ideology, organizational structure and type of membership, can help us to understand their differential degree of party organizational institutionalization
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Why do Legislators COF? Congressional Open Forum Speeches and Electoral Incentives in Presidential America
No full textThis dissertation studies legislative behavior under open speech forums on the congress floor. Recent scholarship has found that under collective vote-gathering incentives, party leaders are more likely to give speeches, screen who speaks, and delegate less often to backbenchers. On the other hand, under personal incentives, leaders are more likely to give vulnerable legislators and ideologically extreme legislators opportunities to strengthen their links with their constituencies. Even more recent findings, however, complicate this neat categorization. Evidence shows differences between the types of legislators who speak during bill debates and those who speak during non-lawmaking venues, and different categories within.
In this dissertation, I present evidence suggesting that electoral incentives do not shape lawmakers’ behavior in non-lawmaking venues during the legislative session. I argue that in less visible venues that allow legislators to speak on the topics of their choice, legislators who are in electorally and institutionally disadvantageous positions are more likely to deliver a speech under scenarios that promote collective incentives. I analyze which members of congress deliver non-lawmaking speeches under the electoral incentives of differing nations: Uruguay, Costa Rica, Panama, and Chile. This dissertation uses a novel dataset created by collecting and coding these speeches for each country, except Chile. The results suggest that legislative incentives do not drive the behavior of legislators in congressional open forums. In addition, it also suggests that there is no clear, specific institutional and electoral trait affecting the legislators’ probability of giving a speech during these venues.Political Science, Department o
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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