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Il corpo nella mente. Ruolo della pratica sportiva nell'auto-descrizione del proprio fisico in adolescenti e giovani con disabilità motoria
Full text linkIntroduction
Individuals with disability have generally a more negative physical self-concept than other people. During adolescence and youth it is very important to have a positive physical self-concept. Sport practice may contribute to develop a positive physical self-description in persons with disability. The present study aimed to investigate the role of sport practice on physical self-description in individuals with motor disability.
Methods
There were 1149 participants (578 boys and 571 girls) aged between 13 and 28 (M = 16.81). Individuals were divided into four groups: (a) not disabled who practiced sport (n = 742); (b) not disabled who did not practice sport (n = 264); (c) motor disabled who practiced sport (n = 109); (d) motor disabled who did not practice sport (n = 34). Eligible criteria for disabled participation were the presence of peripheral, spastic or cerebral paraplegia. Participants completed the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire-Short (PSDQ-S) in a cross-sectional design. In order to ensure that PSDQ-S was appropriate for the two groups of disabled, 7 persons with motor disability were consulted in the pre-research stage. Analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) with a post-hoc test (Bonferroni) was conducted to examine the differences between groups on the PSDQ-S scales.
Results
One-way ANOVA showed significant between groups differences in the following PSDQ scales: activity (p < .0001), body fat (p < .0001), appearance (p = .003), coordination (p < .0001), endurance (p < .0001), flexibility (p < .0001), health (p < .0001), sport (p < .0001), strength (p < .0001), global physical (p < .0001), global esteem (p < .0001). Bonferroni post-hoc revealed that group a (not disabled - sport) scored higher than group b (not disabled - not sport) and d (disabled - not sport), but did not differ from group c (disabled - sport) in the following PSDQ scales: coordination, endurance, flexibility, sport, appearance, and global esteem. Group d scored higher than the other three groups in strength scale.
Discussion and conclusions
Individuals with motor disability who practiced sport obtained similar results to the group of people without disability who practiced sport in a certain number of PSDQS scales. The disabled group who did not practice sport obtained generally the worse PSDQ scores in comparison with the other three groups. In conclusion, it seems possible to assert that sport practice can contribute to develop a positive physical self-concept in persons with motor disability.Introduzione
Le persone disabili presentano generalmente una maggior insoddisfazione nei confronti del proprio corpo. Durante l’adolescenza e la giovinezza - periodi nel corso dei quali avvengono molteplici cambiamenti somatici e psicologici - è molto importante consolidare una considerazione positiva della propria dimensione corporea e delle proprie abilità motorie. Inoltre il concetto del sé fisico è considerato un importante mediatore di risultati in educazione fisica. Considerando il fatto che lo sport sembra poter contribuire a sviluppare un concetto positivo della propria corporeità nelle persone disabili, lo scopo del presente lavoro è quello di analizzare il ruolo della pratica sportiva nell’auto-descrizione del proprio fisico in adolescenti e
giovani con disabilità motoria.
Materiali e metodi
Allo studio hanno partecipato 1149 persone (578 ragazzi e 571 ragazze) con età compresa tra i 13 e i 28 anni (M = 16.81). Gli individui sono stati divisi in 4 gruppi incrociando le variabili ‘pratica sportiva’ e ‘disabilità motoria’: (1) non disabili che praticano sport (n = 742); (2) non disabili che non praticano sport (n = 264); (3) disabili motori che praticano sport (n = 109);
(4) disabili motori che non praticano sport (n = 34). I partecipanti hanno completato il Physical Self-Description Questionnaire-Short (PSDQ-S), in un disegno di ricerca trasversale. A garanzia del fatto che il PSDQ- S fosse adatto ai due gruppi di disabili, è stata prevista una fase di pre-ricerca nel
corso della quale sono stati consultati 7 adolescenti e giovani con disabilità motoria (ai quali è stato chiesto di contribuire ad adattare gli item del questionario che potevano creare problemi di comprensione, interpretazione e identificazione da parte degli stessi). Al fine di esaminare le differenze tra i quattro gruppi nelle sottoscale del PSDQ-S sono stati impiegati l’analisi della varianza (one-way ANOVA) e un post-hoc test (Bonferroni).
Risultati
L’analisi della varianza ha evidenziato la presenza di differenze significative tra i quattro gruppi nelle seguenti sottoscale del PSDQ-S: attività (p < .0001), obesità (p < .0001), aspetto (p = .003), coordinazione (p < .0001), resistenza (p < .0001), flessibilità (p < .0001), salute (p < .0001), abilità sportiva (p < .0001), forza (p < .0001), fisico globale (p < .0001), autostima
globale (p < .0001). Il test di Bonferroni ha rilevato che il gruppo 1 (non disabili-sportivi) ha ottenuto un punteggio significativamente più alto del gruppo 2 (non disabili-non sportivi) e 4 (disabili-non sportivi), ma non differiva dal gruppo 3 (disabili-sportivi) nei seguenti fattori del PSDQ-S: coordinazione, resistenza, flessibilità, abilità sportiva, aspetto, e autostima
globale. Il gruppo 3 (disabili-non sportivi) ha ottenuto punteggi più alti rispetto a tutti gli altri tre gruppi nella sottoscala relative alla forza.
Discussione e conclusioni
Le persone con disabilità motoria che praticano sport hanno ottenuto risultati simili al gruppo di persone senza disabilità che praticano sport in molteplici fattori relativi all’auto-descrizione del proprio fisico. Il gruppo di disabili che non praticano sport hanno ottenuto punteggi generalmente inferiori a tutti gli altri tre gruppi. In conclusione, sembra plausibile asserire che la pratica sportiva contribuisce a sviluppare un concetto positivo della
propria corporeità e delle proprie abilità motorie nelle persone con disabilità motoria
Motor activity in water and Fine-lubinsky sindrome
No full textFine-Lubinsky syndrome was described in
1993, as a very rare syndrome which entails
craniofacial anomalies, bilateral hearing loss, cataract,
microstomia (small mouth), central nervous system
abnormalities and psychomotor delay. (Cole P. et al.
2009)
Unusual abnormalities include
brachydactyly*, camptodactyly* and anomalies of the
deciduous dentition. The conditions that contributed to
the onset of the pathology in this specific case, are
genetic recessive.
The article is about a series of water activities
suggested to a 35 year old woman, aimed to improve
balance, maintenance of praxis schemes, strengthen
abdominal muscles, increased mobility of the lumbar
tract of the spinal column, pragmatic competence and
development of intentionality
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No full textAccording to a thesis which is today authoritatively supported by some authors, the scarce recognition given to sport sciences in our culture should be ascribed to Christianity. This paper, in addition to attempting to refute this thesis, wishes to enrich the epistemological background of the emerging areas of research, to which sport belongs, with the perspective of a full appreciation of the value of man and of his corporeity. The argument develops in two main
directions: the first aims at bringing out the concept of corporeity which characterises genuine Christian thought, as conveyed in the sacred scriptures, while the second is directed towards identifying the values which sports and the Gospel message have in common. The result of this
analysis, the bibliographical references of significant authors and of the arguments put forward,
seems to lead to the conclusion that the essence of the Christian message entirely values human corporeity, and that it is even possible to identify shared values in sports and Christian ethics
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No full textThis study examined the relations of physical education teachers’ burnout with some individual variables, including teachers’ self-perceived physical fitness and the perceived influence of personal fitness on teaching. Participants were 219 Italian physical education teachers in secondary school. Demographic and professional information, ratings of self-perception of physical condition, and the Italian version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory were recorded. Compared to the data of a normative sample, average scores on the three dimensions of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalisation, and Reduced Personal Accomplishment) were found. There were statistically significant associations among Reduced Personal Accomplishment, the self-perception of physical fitness, and the perception of the influence of personal fitness on teaching. Women reported scores on Emotional Exhaustion and Reduced Personal Accomplishment indicative of greater severity than men. No significant differences appeared to be related to the years of teaching. Recommendations for further studies are discussed
Un contributo alla validazione italiana della Scala Multidimensionale di Vittimizzazione tra Pari
No full textThis study presents a critical validation contribution of the Multidimensional Peer-Victimization Scale (MPVS) for the Italian socio-cultural context. The original version of MPVS was elaborated by Mynard and Joseph (2000). The aim of the scale is to assess four factors related to peer-victimization: physical victimization, verbal victimization, social manipulation and attacks on property. Respondents were 368 children (49.7% female, 50.3% male) aged 9 to 12 years (M = 11.2; SD = 0.78), attending the last two years of the primary school or the first two years in the secondary school of North Eastern Italy. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis was conducted, confirming the original four-factor structure
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counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Peer-victimization during physical education and enjoyment of physical activity
No full textThis study examined the relations between peer-victimization during sport practice and physical activity enjoyment. 395 students (219 boys, 176 girls) from a middle school, ages 12 to 13 years (M = 12.2), were surveyed. Few correlations between peer-victimization during sport practice and physical activity enjoyment variables were negative. Linear regression analysis was also conducted, highlighting a subtle influence of peer-victimization during practice of sports on enjoyment of physical activity. Peer-victimization during practice of sports seems to be a poor predictor of low enjoyment of physical activity
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