1,720,969 research outputs found
Antibacterial activity of essential oils against streptococci and staphylococci causing bovine mastitis
Full text linkBovine mastitis is a major concern for the dairy cattle community worldwide, leading to high economic
loss (Gomes et al., 2016). Mastitis, subclinical or clinical, can be caused by contagious or environmental
pathogens. Although the use of antibiotics is still the primary approach for treatment, its efficacy is limited.
Moreover, the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) leads to the need for alternatives to antibiotic
therapy (Yang et al., 2019). Due to their antibacterial effects, essential oils (EOs) have gained much attention
in this field as candidates to fight against bacterial infections and control further development of AMR
(Arbab et al., 2022).
This research aimed at testing the antibacterial activity of eleven EOs and two EO blends against Streptococcus
agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus
epidermidis, by evaluating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal
concentration (MBC), using microbroth dilution assay. The MIC values of the EOs tested ranged between
<0.001% and >3.125% v/v. The effect was higher against Streptococcus spp than Staphylococcus spp bacteria
in general. The EOs of Origanum vulgare, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Thymus vulgaris, and Blend BR were
the most effective against S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae, and S. uberis showing MIC and MBC values between
<0.001% and 0.390% v/v, and <0.001% and 0.780% v/v, respectively. Against S. aureus and S. epidermidis, the
lowest MICs occurred with Cinnamomum zeylanicum: 0.098% and 0.195% v/v, respectively.
This study highlights the importance of evaluating EOs as effective antibiotic alternatives and complementary
resources for treatment of bacterial infections
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Phytate degradation in wheat buckwheat, soy, and rice flours by lactobacilli and yeast isolated from African and Asian traditional fermented food
No full textPhytic acid (myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate) is a phosphorus reservoir found especially in cereals, legumes, and oilseeds. This compound forms complexes with essential minerals such as K, Mg, P, Ca, Fe, Zn, and Mn, thus reducing their bioavailability. Therefore, due to its negative impact on intestinal mineral absorption, phytic acid is considered an antinutritional substance, as it can modify functional characteristics in food proteins. In seeds, the aleurone layer contains approximately 90% of the grain's phytic acid, with the germ holding about 10%.
Consequently, flours, especially those from whole grains, are rich in phytic acid. Therefore, increasing the use of bran and whole wheat flour in food formulations may compromise the nutritional quality of end products by limiting mineral bioavailability. Microbial fermentation has been described as a strategy to reduce the adverse effects of phytic acid in food products. The present work aimed to thoroughly investigate the impact of different yeasts and lactic acid bacteria, isolated from Asian and African traditional fermented foods, on different flours (wheat, buckwheat, rye, and soy flours) and doughs prepared with selected cereal meals on the levels of phytate during fermentation and breadmaking. Eleven yeasts belonging to Pichia kudriavzevii, Saccharomyces cerevisiae,
Pichia fermentans, and Kluyveromyces marxianus and two lactobacilli belonging to Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei have been selected. The comparison of selected yeasts and lactobacilli in
the degradation of phytic acid with different flours as substrates (wheat, buckwheat, soy, and rice) showed that the
degradation ranged from 16 to 77%. The best-performing strain resulted in P. kudriavzevii TY1322 with 77% of phytic acid degradation. The degradation of phytate for bread production using single yeast was 52.06% ± 4.25, while when a mixed inoculum yeast-lactobacilli was used, the degradation improved up to 60,02% ± 0.21. Lactobacilli can achieve a strong phytic acid degradation both by lowering pH and providing more suitable
pH conditions for phytate degradation by endogenous phytases and by a direct source of microbial phytases.
Since the potential benefits of bread incorporating various grains (e.g., soy, buckwheat, and rye) are increasingly
evident, this research could have an important implication for human health
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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