177,198 research outputs found

    Dextrose prolotherapy for chronic tendinopathy: A scoping review

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    Introduction: Tendinopathy is a frequent source of musculoskeletal pain and disability. Between treatment options, prolotherapy, an injection treatment that aims to promote tissue healing, could play a role in symptomatic and functional improvement. The purpose of the study is to analyze current evidence about the effect of dextrose injections on clinical outcomes in patients with chronic tendinopathy. Methods: A literature search on MEDLINE (PubMed) and PEDro databases was conducted. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in the last 10 years, with available abstracts, in English language, analyzing the effect of prolotherapy in human subjects with a diagnosis of chronic tendinopathy were considered. Methodological quality was assessed by PEDRO scale quality assessment tool. Results: Sixteen papers were included. Most of the RCTs were of medium to high quality. Based on the analyzed data, prolotherapy could represent an easy to access, cheap, safe and effective conservative treatment in rotator cuff tendinopathy and in epiconodylosis and could improve pain control in the medium to long-term, with encouraging data on function restoring in the long term. However, solutions preparation, procedural aspects and comparators were highly heterogeneous. Conclusion: Current evidence suggests that prolotherapy can results in improving symptoms in patients with tendinopathy, with no observed adverse reactions. However, few RCTs have been conducted; the results are not consistent enough and have a wide heterogeneity in their protocols so comparing data was not always possible. Therefore, further studies require a repeatable standardized procedure to confirm these positive preliminary results

    Simulation of thermal plant optimization and hydraulic aspects of thermal distribution loops for large campuses

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    Following an introduction, the author describes Texas A&M University and its utilities system. After that, the author presents how to construct simulation models for chilled water and heating hot water distribution systems. The simulation model was used in a $2.3 million Ross Street chilled water pipe replacement project at Texas A&M University. A second project conducted at the University of Texas at San Antonio was used as an example to demonstrate how to identify and design an optimal distribution system by using a simulation model. The author found that the minor losses of these closed loop thermal distribution systems are significantly higher than potable water distribution systems. In the second part of the report, the author presents the latest development of software called the Plant Optimization Program, which can simulate cogeneration plant operation, estimate its operation cost and provide optimized operation suggestions. The author also developed detailed simulation models for a gas turbine and heat recovery steam generator and identified significant potential savings. Finally, the author also used a steam turbine as an example to present a multi-regression method on constructing simulation models by using basic statistics and optimization algorithms. This report presents a survey of the author??s working experience at the Energy Systems Laboratory (ESL) at Texas A&M University during the period of January 2002 through March 2004. The purpose of the above work was to allow the author to become familiar with the practice of engineering. The result is that the author knows how to complete a project from start to finish and understands how both technical and nontechnical aspects of a project need to be considered in order to ensure a quality deliverable and bring a project to successful completion. This report concludes that the objectives of the internship were successfully accomplished and that the requirements for the degree of Degree of Engineering have been satisfied
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