1,782 research outputs found
Infezione da Cowpoxvirus negli animali e nell’uomo. Una nuova emergenza sanitaria per l’Europa
No full textNell’ultimo decennio, prima l’emergenza Vaccinia in Brasile e India, quindi quella da Monkeypox virus negli Stati Uniti, hanno riportato all’attenzione di medici e veterinari virus quasi dimenticati dopo l’eradicazione
del vaiolo nel 1980. È del febbraio 2009 l’allerta Cowpoxvirus lanciata dalla Commissione europea (DG SanCo) a seguito della segnalazione di numerosi casi di infezione da Cowpoxvirus nell’uomo conseguenti al contatto con ratti (Rattus norvegicus) domestici o “fancy rats”
FP7-SME-2012-315653-POC4PETS
No full textVeterinary diagnostics is a key tool in the prevention and control of infectious diseases in animals; it is increasingly recognized that there is the urgent need for innovation in the animal infectious diseases testing field, bringing to new market applications in the development of specific, rapid and efficiently validated diagnostic tests.
The present proposal, intends to include in its experimental work plan some of the most promising new technologies mainly based on nucleic acid detection such as on site PCR, isothermal amplification and mini-array probing, with the aim to improve both the speed and accuracy of the current diagnostics for veterinary pathogens of companion animal species (Cat respiratory syndrome, Horse papilloma virus kit, Parvovirus of carnivores, Zoonotic poxvirus).
POC4PETS will be particularly focused in filling the gaps of diagnostics availability and enhancing technology transfer to increase competitiveness of the Veterinary Diagnostic industry.
The proposed work program will then focus on the development, validation and industry- taking up of simultaneously: robust specific and sensitive diagnostic tests for a number of pet animal’s diseases which are all characterized by a current lack of available diagnostic tools or need to be implemented in terms of cost, response rapidity, reliability and/or effectiveness. The POC4PETS consortium involves 3 multidisciplinary RTD performers with expertise in virology, microbiology, parassitology, chemistry and molecular biology and 3 SMEs involved in veterinary diagnostics manufacturing, laser technology and veterinary services
Molecular biology of parapoxvirus infection
No full textThe Parapoxviruses represent a genus within the chordo-poxvirus subfamily of Poxviridae, and are characterised by their ability to cause disease in livestock, semi-domesticated species, wildlife and humans. ruminants and humans. The genus currently contains four recognised species of virus, orf virus, the prototypic species, that infects sheep and goats, bovine papular stomatitis virus and pseudocowpox virus both of which infect cattle, and parapoxvirus of red deer in New Zealand. Comparatively to the more extensively studied poxviruses, vaccinia virus, little is known about the genes within the PPV that affect the host range and virulence. There is already preliminary evidence that viral genomic variations may account for the differing virulence of disease outbreaks. The evolution of poxviruses has been proposed to be an adaptive process involving frequent events of gene gain and loss, such that the virus co-evolves with its specific host. Gene capture or horizontal gene transfer from the host to the virus is considered an important source of new viral genes including those likely to be involved in host range and those enabling the virus to interfere with the host immune response to infection. It has also been shown, in other poxvirus genera, that recombination between isolates and perhaps even between species does occur, thereby providing another mechanism for the acquisition of new genes and for the rapid evolution of viruses. Such events may result in viruses that have a selective advantage over others, for example in re-infections, or in viruses able to jump the species barrier and infect new hosts
TaqMan based real time PCR for the quantification of canine distemper virus
No full textCanine distemper virus is the causative agent of a high lethality rate disease affecting dogs worldwide. The disease causes variable clinical signs that make clinical diagnosis very difficult (Appel and Summers, 1995). Sub clinically infected dogs contribute to the diffusion of the disease, therefore the development of an extremely sensitive diagnostic test for the detection of the virus in these subclinically infected dogs is of crucial importance. At present there are no data on CDV growth dynamics in cell culture; these data would be very important to evaluate the in vitro antiviral activity of different compounds against CDV (Scagliarini et al, 2006). The aim of this study was to develop a rapid and sensitive real time RT-PCR assay based on TaqMan technology to detect and quantify CDV in clinical samples and cell cultures
Proteina e sequenze polinucleotidiche relative a Parapoxvirus ovis
No full textLa presente invenzione è relativa ad una proteina, un metodo di produzione e utilizzazioni della proteina stessa, una sequenza polinucleotidica codificante tale proteina, polinucleotidi per rilevare tale sequenza polinucleotidica e per produrre tale proteina, relativi kit diagnostici e di produzione, un siero ottenuto utilizzando tale proteina ed un procedimento per la produzione di tale siero. Vengono divulgati una nuova proteina immunodominante dell'envelope (rivestimento) del Parapoxvirus Ovis, una nuova sequenza polinucleotidica codificante tale proteina, e quattro nuovi polinucleotidi per la rilevazione di tale sequenza polinucleotidica e/o la produzione di tale proteina
Manuale di virologia veterinaria
No full textI virus sono parassiti endocellulari obbligati in grado di provocare patologie negli animali, nell’uomo e nelle piante. Queste forme di vita relativamente semplici hanno sviluppato strategie complesse per sopravvivere e diffondersi. I virus animali sono frequentemente causa di epidemie con grave impatto socioeconomico e rivestono una notevole importanza sia in campo veterinario che umano. Molti virus animali quali il virus della rabbia, Nipah, Hendra, Monkeypox sono trasmissibili all’uomo e come tali sono responsabili di importanti zoonosi. Inoltre, la recente epidemia di SARS nella popolazione umana, ha nuovamente sottolineato l’importanza degli animali come serbatoi di agenti virali patogeni per l’uomo. La ricerca sui virus animali ha da sempre contribuito ad accrescere le conoscenze sulle interazioni virus-ospite, la replicazione e l’evoluzione di agenti virali di interesse umano. Ancora oggi, i virus animali vengono largamente utilizzati come surrogati di virus umani nella ricerca su nuovi farmaci antivirali o per la messa a punto di vaccini innovativi. Si stima che circa il 20% delle forme tumorali sia provocato da agenti virali ed i virus vengono oggi utilizzati anche come vettori per il delivery genico nella terapia antitumorale e nella cura di malattie genetiche. L’obiettivo principale di questo volume è quello di fornire le nozioni di base sugli agenti virali responsabili delle più importanti malattie degli animali ai fini di comprenderne i meccanismi patogenetici e le strategie utilizzate per il loro controllo e la loro prevenzione
University of Bologna field work on biosecurity and animal welfare assessments in dairy farms: results of a 5-year experience
No full textCutaneous Fibropapilloma in a Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) Associated with Cervus elaphus Papillomavirus in Portugal
No full textA pedunculated cauliflower-like mass was detected on the left posterior limb of a subadult male red deer (Cervus elaphus) after a hunt in Portugal. Histologically the lesion was classified as cutaneous fibropapilloma. The identification of Cervus elaphus papillomavirus (CePV-1 variant) was based on sequencing of the L1 gene. The L2 sequence revealed a nine-nucleotide deletion, as already reported in the Italian and Hungarian CePV-1, further supporting the theory that this is a distinctive genomic characteristic of this viral variant, as this feature has been found in distinct cases from geographically distant countries. In addition, a coinfection with bovine papillomavirus was evidenced by amplification and sequencing of the E5 gene, confirming the ability of Delta papillomaviruses to cross-infect different animal species and providing more evidence that wildlife may act as reservoir for papillomaviruses affecting domestic species. Papillomavirus infection in red deer has been sporadically described in different European countries; in this work, we describe the identification of a CePV-1 variant infection associated with a red deer fibropapilloma in Portugal
SPRAYABLE PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS FOR TOPICAL APPLICATION COMPRISING SUCRALFATE GEL
No full textThe present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions for topical use comprising sucralfate gel, PVA and optionally a vegetable product comprising tocotrienols and tocopherols. In particular, these compositions have proved to be suitable for being sprayed, thus finding advantageous application in the treatment of skin lesions, even very deep lesions, such as second-degree burns
Zoonoses—Diseases Naturally Transmitted From Animals to Humans
No full textDiseases that are naturally transmitted from animals to humans
are called zoonoses or zoonotic diseases. More than 70% of all
human infectious diseases came from animals, including Ebola,
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV/AIDS), avian influenza and
Monkeypox. The COVID-19 pandemic is also a novel zoonosis,
caused by a coronavirus that probably came from bats. Zoonoses
can happen any time humans come into contact with animals or
animal products. Children, people with weakened immune systems
or chronic health conditions, and pregnant women are at higher
risk of contracting zoonoses. Zoonoses are widespread—not only in
forests and wild environments but also in urban areas. This article
includes background information on zoonoses and how they move
into humans. It also provides helpful tips to avoid infection with these
diseases. Finally, it discusses the importance of preventing disease in
animals, so that animal diseases are not transmitted to humans
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